□ Reporter Zhu Ningning
The domestic service industry plays an important role in improving people's quality of life and expanding employment.
In recent years, my country's housekeeping service industry has developed rapidly, but it is also facing bottlenecks such as insufficient supply of housekeeping services and chaos in the industry, which restrict the high-quality development of the housekeeping service industry.
At this year's National People's Congress, Ma Yide, a representative of the National People's Congress, a distinguished professor of the School of Public Policy and Management of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the dean of the School of Intellectual Property, focused his attention on how to promote the high-quality development of the domestic service industry.
"Speeding up the development of the domestic service industry and effectively meeting the needs of the elderly for diversified and multi-level elderly care services has become a top priority." Ma Yide said that at present, as my country is rapidly entering an aging society, the demand for domestic services is more urgent. It is urgent to accelerate the quality, expansion, and standardized development of the domestic service industry, so as to better meet the people's growing demand for a better life.
The market is developing rapidly
The party and the state attach great importance to the development of the domestic service industry.
The "14th Five-Year Plan and Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035" proposes to "continue to promote the quality and expansion of the domestic service industry, and integrate development with smart communities, elderly care, etc."
The "Strategic Planning Outline for Expansion of Domestic Demand (2022-2035)" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council once again emphasized the need to promote the quality and expansion of domestic services.
Promote the professional, large-scale, networked and standardized development of the domestic service industry.
"A mature domestic service industry is an indispensable part of modern development. The domestic service industry is a livelihood project and a sunrise industry." Ma Yide said, on the one hand, with the improvement of people's living standards, the deepening of the aging population and the three With the implementation of the childbirth policy, the demand for housekeeping services is increasing. On the other hand, the housekeeping service industry has provided a large number of jobs for the rural labor force and the urban unemployed, which has played an important role in promoting employment and rural revitalization.
Especially with the early arrival of population aging, it is even more urgent to accelerate the high-quality development of the domestic service industry.
In 2022, my country's population over 65 years old will exceed 209 million, approaching a moderately aging society; it is estimated that by around 2035, the population of people aged 60 and over will exceed 400 million, accounting for more than 30% of the total population, entering a severe aging society. aging society.
With the rapid growth of the elderly population, the demand for elderly care services will also expand rapidly.
It is worth mentioning that with the growing demand for housekeeping services, my country's housekeeping service market has developed rapidly, rising from 277.6 billion yuan in 2015 to 1,014.9 billion yuan in 2021, entering the ranks of the trillion-level market. up to 30 million people.
Pain points cannot be ignored
However, the domestic service industry as a whole is facing the problem of "big but not good".
On the one hand, the domestic service industry has low threshold and chaotic management.
Some domestic workers can work without knowing anything, and certificates and qualifications can be obtained by spending money or taking online courses.
On the other hand, "you can't find it, you can't find it, you can't find it, you can't keep it", many people have encountered the problem that "finding an aunt" can only be "lucky".
In Ma Yide's view, insufficient effective supply and difficulty in effectively matching market supply and service demand have become pain points in the development of the industry.
"At present, domestic workers generally have low cultural quality, older age, and overall low professional skills. There is a shortage of professional and high-end housekeeping services. Moreover, due to their low social identity, young people are less willing to work."
At the same time, the so-called precise matching of some housekeeping companies is just a gimmick to attract customers. Most housekeeping companies simply build groups, recommend housekeeping aunts from various backgrounds to register, and then collect money from both ends.
Due to the lack of effective supervision and management, even theft, sexual assault, beating and abuse of care receivers by domestic service personnel have occurred from time to time.
Disorderly competition in the industry is also a problem that cannot be ignored.
"At present, there are many platform companies dealing with customer data, including some large Internet companies, but the common pain point of these companies is that they do not understand the actual business model of the housekeeping industry, resulting in a situation where they do not have a deep understanding of the industry but monopolize industry resources." Ma Ma Yide pointed out that because housekeeping companies need to spend a lot of time and money in the link of customer acquisition and delivery, they can only squeeze out operating expenses that should have been invested in standardization, institutionalization, and standardization, which are more conducive to industry improvement, and also lead to housekeeping companies As costs continue to rise, some housekeeping companies that cannot afford the high costs choose to "run away", leading to frequent chaos in the industry.
Promote quality improvement and expansion
In view of the problems existing in the current domestic service industry, Ma Yide suggested that a medium- and long-term development plan for the development of the domestic service industry in the new era should be formulated to promote the professional, large-scale, networked, and standardized development of domestic service.
Coordinate various types of businesses such as housekeeping services, elderly care services, community care services, and patient care services, clarify the main responsibilities of the government, enterprises, and communities at different levels, build a policy support system at different levels such as entrepreneurship, employment, and training, and strengthen the government Responsible for market supervision, protection of practitioners' rights and interests, establishment of industry standards, etc.
Strengthen the innovation of service models, continuously integrate new business forms, new methods, and new content, and actively develop emerging housekeeping services such as housekeepers, financial experts, psychological escorts, and health management.
Ma Yide also suggested increasing support for the domestic service industry.
Through policy measures such as financial support, organizational training, and tax reduction and exemption, cultivate a number of brand housekeeping service companies, develop employee-based housekeeping companies, and guide qualified housekeeping service companies to scale and brand by integrating resources and adopting chain operations. direction of development.
Provide "one-stop" services such as opening guidance, entrepreneurship training, small secured loans and follow-up services for urban unemployed persons, rural transfer employees and college graduates who start their own businesses and engage in housekeeping services, so as to truly realize the "quality improvement and expansion of housekeeping services" ".
At the same time, Ma Yide believes that the infrastructure construction of the domestic service industry should be strengthened.
Create an authoritative and public welfare housekeeping service information service platform, support the construction of housekeeping service institutions and facilities in the community, and open up the whole chain between supply and demand.
Strengthen the construction of consumer consultation channels.
An information platform under the guidance of the government can be added to avoid the monopoly of consulting channels.
At the same time, strengthen the construction of industry standards, step by step promote domestic service enterprises to achieve work branding, professionalization of employees, standardization of services, and standardization of development, and set up a blacklist of domestic service industry practitioners.
In addition, strengthen professional skills training and improve the quality of domestic workers.
Encourage colleges and universities to set up professional disciplines in domestic service, develop various vocational skills training institutions, establish separate training qualifications for the domestic service industry, establish and improve systems for pre-job training and regular retraining in the domestic service industry, and improve the professional qualification certification system for domestic service.
"It is necessary to provide medical services for those who are sick (injured) in the domestic service industry and provide care for their old age. Create a good atmosphere that respects the domestic service profession and strengthen the protection of labor rights and interests of practitioners." In view of the current employment of domestic service practitioners mainly by natural persons Ma Yide suggested that a social security system and policies that are more in line with the characteristics of the industry should be established to cover the protection of workers in the domestic service industry in the fields of work-related injuries, medical care, and pensions, so as to attract more talents to join the domestic service industry.