In this article, we continue to review the rest of the common challenges that threaten the vital interests of the United States, its allies and partners, and the world in general, and these are areas that are usually repeated in the US national security strategies of previous administrations, in which they present their perceptions to confront these challenges that, but in a dreamy way, are soon shattered. On the rock of national interests, chronic regional and international crises in which US administrations are biased only to their national interests, and the requirements of hegemony and unilateral leadership before anything else.
Contrary to many reports, Biden's strategy stresses that the threat of terrorism is greater today than it was 20 years ago;
Due to the expansion of al-Qaeda and ISIS.
in the face of common challenges
First: Epidemics and biological defence
The strategy indicates that the “Covid-19” virus has caused the death of nearly 6.5 million people in the world, including more than a million Americans, and the World Health Organization and organizations specialized in the pharmaceutical and vaccine industry warn that the next epidemic may be much worse. And that the available opportunity is narrow to take steps at the national and international levels to prepare to confront this epidemic and strengthen biological defenses against it.
This requires the United States and the world to quickly take the necessary preparations to face the expected catastrophic biological risks, in a show similar to that of the Secretary-General of the World Health Organization or the famous billionaire Bill Gates.
The strategy referred to its support for the "COVAX" vaccine program launched by the "GAVI" organization specialized in producing vaccines, which was established by Bill Gates.
In another context, the strategy stressed that the United States will address the increasing risks, deliberate biological risks, and potential accidental risks, and stressed the need to work with partners and allies to strengthen the Biological Weapons Convention to deter the capabilities of the state that resort to biological warfare, and to prevent terrorists from acquiring or using biological weapons. and strengthening international norms against the development and use of biological weapons.
Second: food insecurity
The strategy refers to the threat to global food systems today for many reasons, including the economic effects of the Corona pandemic and the climate crisis, especially the food crisis resulting from the Russian war on Ukraine, which increased the needs of hundreds of millions of people around the world, and prompted the United States to provide More humanitarian aid than ever before.
The strategy put in place a set of measures to confront this crisis in the long term, and these measures have been repeatedly repeated over the years to no avail, such as calling on all governments to be vigilant, partnering with multilateral institutions and non-governmental organizations, and partnering with both local partners and international bodies.
This includes what the strategy calls the road map for global food security, which is a call to action that urges more than 100 countries that have already signed on to take several measures that contribute to achieving food security.
Third: Reducing armaments and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction
The strategy stressed that there is an urgent need for sustainable cooperation to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and fissile materials, their technologies, and their means of delivery, and that the United States will work with allies, partners, civil society, and international organizations to strengthen mechanisms for arms control and non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, especially in times of conflict when The risk of escalation is excessive.
The strategy stated that the United States will lead bilateral and multilateral arms control efforts, and will work to strengthen relevant systems, frameworks, and institutions, including the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the International Atomic Energy Agency, other United Nations bodies, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and the Biological Weapons Convention.
It will also work to strengthen the rules against the possession and use of chemical and biological weapons.
Fourth: terrorism
Despite the many reports by which the US administration confirms that the so-called "terrorism" that has dominated the national security strategies of the United States over the past three decades has receded and is no longer a priority for the Ministry of Defense, Biden's strategy insists that the terrorist threat today is more Diversified ideologically, and more widespread at the geographical level than it was two decades ago, due to the expansion of al-Qaeda and ISIS and their associated forces from Afghanistan and the Middle East to Africa and Southeast Asia, and that Syria, Yemen and Somalia are still havens for terrorism, and local branches have become Established actors in regional conflicts.
To counter this terrorist threat, the United States will increase cooperation and support for trusted partners to develop a new strategy, to build or expand systems to prevent, detect, and respond to early threats, including the significant and growing threat the United States faces from within from a range of extremists. Violent locals, for racial, ethnic or political reasons.
The United States reiterates its commitment to a future in which these technologies increase security and prosperity and advance the values of the American people and like-minded democracies, and its technology strategy will produce medicines that can cure disease.
Fifth: combating organized crime
The strategy referred to the threat posed by transnational criminal organizations, such as trafficking in drugs and illicit goods, money laundering, theft, human smuggling and trafficking, cybercrime, fraud, corruption, poaching and mining.
The strategy stressed that the United States will accelerate efforts to reduce the threat posed by these organizations, and integrate work on law enforcement with diplomatic, financial, intelligence and other tools, and in coordination with partners.
Sixth: Formation of the rules of the road
Once again, the American tendency to lead the world emerges, when the strategy talks about the leadership role of the United States in leading the process of establishing institutions, rules, and standards that govern international trade and investment, economic policy, and technology, after World War II, in a way that helps achieve the goals of the United States and benefits people in all countries. around the world, but in accordance with American interests and values.
This comes in the context of exposing again to China, which, from a strategic point of view, threatens supply chains and violates economic measures.
The strategy believes that there is nothing more urgent than modernizing the rules of the road for technology, cyberspace, trade and the economy, and that it will work to strengthen and modernize the United Nations system and multilateral institutions in general, in close coordination with its allies and partners.
Seventh: technology
The strategy stresses that technology is an essential component of today's geopolitical competition in the interest of the future of US national security, economy, and democracy.
It believes the critical and emerging technologies of the next decade will retool economies, transform militaries, and reshape the world.
It also stresses the United States' commitment to a future in which these technologies increase security and prosperity, and promote the values of the American people and like-minded democracies, and that its technology strategy will work to produce new medicines that can cure diseases, increase the production and sustainable cultivation of healthy foods, and diversify and strengthen manufacturing supply chains , and securing energy without dependence on fossil fuels, all while providing jobs and security for the American people, allies, and partners.
The strategy states that the Biden administration, with bipartisan support, launched a modern industrial strategy, and has already secured historic investments in clean energy, microelectronics manufacturing, research and development, and biotechnology.
Eighth: Securing cyberspace
The strategy emphasized that the United States will work closely with allies and partners to define critical infrastructure standards to enhance cyber resilience, build collective capabilities to rapidly respond to disruptive cyberattacks from criminals, deny them safe haven, combat the illicit use of cryptocurrency to launder the proceeds of cybercrime, and strengthen compliance. The United Nations General Assembly-endorsed framework for responsible state conduct in cyberspace, which recognizes that international law applies online, just as it does offline.
Ninth: trade and economy
Once again, China stands out in the strategy as a threat to international trade and the economy. The strategy makes it clear that America's prosperity also depends on fair and open trade and an international economic order. Inequality and the climate crisis.
Hence, the United States must once again rally partners to create a level playing field that will enable American workers and companies—and those of partners and allies around the world—to thrive and meet serious long-term challenges to the international order, such as those posed by China.
Tenth: hostages and wrongful detainees
The strategy made it clear that the United States is working with its partners to deter and thwart the illegal arrest and detention of Americans.
In July 2022, the Biden administration issued an order to implement the new “Levinson Act,” to punish those who illegally kidnap or detain Americans abroad.
The United States is working with key international partners to promote and implement the Canadian Declaration Against Arbitrary Detention in State-to-State Relations, to end this inhumane practice and to forge international standards against it.
Eleven: Fighting corruption
The strategy considers administrative and financial corruption as a primary threat to the rule of law for private gain that deteriorates the business environment, undermines economic opportunities, exacerbates inequality, and reduces public confidence in state institutions, which in turn can increase the attractiveness of illiberal actors who exploit popular grievances for political gain.
The strategy recognizes that this corruption threatens national security inside and outside the United States, and the strategy affirms that the United States will work with its partners to strengthen the capabilities of governments to fight corruption.
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