Was Su Dongpo's construction of a "square cabin hospital" ever real?
-Those anti-epidemic heroes fixed in historical time
▲ Song Dynasty Pharmacy
▲ Su Dongpo
▲ Ye Tianshi
▲ Wu Youke
The epidemic is a scar in history, and all those who have experienced it will never forget the scene of the epidemic. Throughout the ancient literary works about epidemic situation, people can feel the panic and fear at that time from the text. Behind these literary works, we have also seen the anti-epidemic heroes fixed in historical time.
one
Su Dongpo vowed to seek prescriptions for drugs, and built a "square cabin hospital"
Shen Kuo has been controversial in history, but his talents are obvious to all. He once described the epidemic situation of Jiangnan in "Mengxi Bi Tan", and the protagonist of the anti-epidemic is the familiar Su Dongpo.
In Su Dongpo's life, he had participated in two anti-epidemic activities.
The first time was in the three years of Yuanfeng (1080), Su Dongpo was just demoted to Huangzhou, which is now Huanggang City in Hubei Province, when Huangzhou was experiencing a plague.
Su Dongpo is an insignificant and monitored little official in the local area, but he still takes anti-epidemic responsibility as his responsibility and presents a prescription called "Sheng San Zi Fang".
The master of the prescription is Chaogu, a famous doctor in Meishan, Sudongpo's hometown. This prescription is the secret recipe of the ancestral family of Chaogu.
Su Dongpo thought: otherwise, I beg him?
Chao Gu told Su Dongpo: This world is conservative. There are always some people who want to get the disease. If you cure them, you will get the disease all by yourself!
Su Dongpo didn't care, he continued to beg for Chaogu, and eventually Chaogu was moved by Su Dongpo's repeated pleadings, but he proudly said to Su Dongpo: You are now pointing at the river to swear poison and never pass this prescription on to others!
Su Dongpo did as he did, but only took a vow of poison and immediately went to the rescue as soon as the prescription came. Most of the patients who ate this formula were cured. This result was recorded by Su Dongpo in the "San San Zi Xu": An exile in Huangzhou, a disease that occurred more than a year ago.
Later, this prescription was passed to Su Pang by Su Dongpo, and Pang An Shi included this side in "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", which Su Dongpo described specifically. However, Chaogu did not have a close relationship with Su Dongpo. When Su Dongpo was demoted to Danzhou, he had to travel to see him in the old age, but he passed away halfway.
Regarding Su Dongpo's second anti-epidemic, there is a record in "Song Shi Su Shi Biography":
Since Hangzhou, drought, famine and epidemic. Please ask Yu Zhao to avoid offering one-third of the rice on this road, and recover the buddhist monk, Yi Mi to save the hungry. In the spring of next year, the price of rice per square meter will be reduced, and more porridge will be used as medicine. Shi said: "Hang, the land and water meeting, there are more plagues than other places." Nai Enxian got two thousand, recurring, and fifty-two gold in the relapse, as a sickhouse, a little money for the animals.
This year was the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089). Su Dongpo went to Hangzhou to become the mayor. At that time, Hangzhou also encountered a plague. Because of his previous experience in the fight against the epidemic, Su Dongpo first used the "San San Zi Fang" to stabilize the condition of some patients. However, the plague was a bit serious, and the number of diagnosed cases was increasing every day, which could not be solved by the prescription of "San San Zi Fang", so Su Dongpo launched a series of anti-epidemic actions.
Su Dongpo first asked the court to waive "one-third of the rice on the road" and subtract one-third of the tribute rice. This measure is equivalent to the state's tax reduction and social security for enterprises during the epidemic.
Also, "Recovery is given to the monk, Yi Mi to save the hungry." There are too many patients in need of help. What if there is not enough funds? In the Song Dynasty, monks could not be shaved. They had to have a certificate of practice issued by the state, and this certificate was called the "cut letter". With this certificate, they could enjoy the state's subsidy policy for monks. Su Dongpo is very flexible, and used this indicator in exchange for some rice to help patients suffering from hunger and cold.
In the spring of the following year, Su Dongpo took out Changpingcang's rice for half price and used it to cook porridge and make medicine. Not only that, he also "sent a messenger to treat the disease, and many live." Su Dongpo took doctors to visit the diagnosed patients' homes for on-site treatment services, for which many patients recovered.
Su Dongpo, who is familiar with medical books, is well aware of the infectious nature of the plague. He believes that Hangzhou is a land and water society. When there are more imported cases, the infectiousness will be greater, and the probability of death of diagnosed cases will also increase. So he donated more than 2,000 yuan to the society. He felt that it was not enough. He also took out fifty-two gold from his private house money and used it to build a "square cabin hospital" to focus on the treatment of patients.
This "square cabin hospital", Su Dongpo gave it a nice name, called "An Le Fang."
During the epidemic period, Anlefang admitted and diagnosed the poor patients, "by the monk", mainly for the monks to make management arrangements. The treatment of these diagnosed patients is also very organized. They are not arranged in a swarm, but "it is appropriate to place patients in different rooms to prevent gradual infection", and arrange wards according to the symptoms and severity of infected patients. To prevent cross-infection until these confirmed infected patients heal before they can leave.
Some people may ask: Can anyone be admitted to Anlefang?
The answer is yes, as long as it is found to be infected within the territory, it is eligible to enter Anlefang for centralized treatment.
After more than three years of treatment, the plague that prevailed in Hangzhou was then controlled. Later, the court felt that Su Dongpo's move was very effective, so it was adopted by the country many times and was renamed "Anjifang".
When Anlefang became "Anjifang", the national welfare enjoyed by diagnosed patients became more abundant, not only medical staff, but also chefs, breastfeeding mothers who specialize in feeding infected children, and "maidservants" who are equivalent to our current hospital cleaners It can be seen that the Song Dynasty attached great importance to the epidemic.
Since then, Anjifang has received state funding subsidies, and doctors working here have been granted treatment, and have been granted a "purple robe", which is also the original prototype of the square cabin hospital.
These medical theories of Su Dongpo were integrated by Shen Kuo into a set of medical books, which was later "Su Shen Liang Fang".
two
During the plague in the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Wu Youke wrote "The Plague"
In the Qing Dynasty, there was a survivor of the late Ming Dynasty, who was renamed Huacun Kanxing Waiter. He wrote a memoir "Hua Cun Tan Xiang", which mentioned several terrible deaths from the plague in the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty.
For example, two thieves went to a big family that died due to the plague. They originally wanted to make a fortune, and they said that one was responsible for stealing and the other was responsible for the response. As a result, the thief responsible for the response has not yet touched the person. Already died on the spot.
Another example is two good friends riding a horse together. The person sitting in the back told a joke to the person in front. As a result, the person in front did not react. If you look closely, the person is dead and the whip is still in the air. in.
The worst was a newly-married couple. After the couple got married in the church, they sat in the new house account and did not come out for a long time. As soon as the family opened the tent, they found that the couple had already died and lay one on each side of the bed.
These deaths of the plague are not groundless, and there are also some novels of the Ming Dynasty, such as "Scattered Lantern", "History of Love", "Jin Ping Mei's Words" and "Eastern Zhou Dynasty's National Chronicles". All have certain historical fact backgrounds, and there are traces in Ming History.
According to the "Hannan Continuing County Records": "In the first year of Chongzhen, the whole of Shaanxi was red with blood. Five years of hunger, six years of flood, seven years of autumn locust, great hunger, eight years of September in Xixiang drought, Lueyang water Waterlogging, the house is completely gone. Nine years of dry locusts, ten years of autumn grasses are completely absent, eleven years of summer locusts cover the sky ... 13 years of drought ... 14 years of drought. "
It can be said that since the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1628), the Mingsi Sect Zhu began to seize the throne, the disaster has not stopped, famine, floods, locust disasters, drought ... The people have been displaced, what kind of miserable?
Shaanxi patroller Ma Maocai recorded such a segment in "Big Chen Famine": At that time, the victims first snatched Peng Cao from the mountain to eat, finished eating Peng Cao to eat the bark, finished eating the bark and eat the soil, and finally because of the bark The soil is indigestible, bloating and death, and the mortality rate is extremely high.
On July 7, 14th Chongzhen, the epidemic spread from Hebei to Beijing. The virus of this epidemic is called "pimple". It is said that as long as a red rash develops on the body, there is no longer any medicine to save and can only wait for death.
The cunning "pimple" is not over yet. In August of the 16th year of Chongzhen, a plague broke out again in Tianjin: disasters in heaven, plague epidemic, spread from August to now (September 15), spread to the peak. There are people who died on the first or second day, people who died on the evening of the dying day, hundreds of people every day, and even the whole family who died without leaving a single person.
The epidemic is extremely serious and spreads extremely fast. Some people were infected and died a day or two later, while others were infected in the morning and died at night. The number of new deaths per day was no less than one hundred, and many people died even without a survivor.
In such a tragic epidemic, an anti-epidemic hero appeared: Wu Youke.
In the movie "Daming Tribulation", Wu Youke is the protagonist, telling about the disaster in the late Ming Dynasty. Wu Youke was born at the end of the Ming Dynasty. He mentioned in the original preface of "The Plague Theory": Chongzhen Xinsi, epidemic epidemic, many people who feel it, benefited in May or June, or infectious. At the time of its initiation, every time the teacher mistakenly treated it with typhoid fever, there was no unscrupulous person ... the doctor was at a loss, and the sick was in danger. The more urgent the illness, the more chaotic the medical treatment. Not dying from illness, but from medicine; not dying from medicine, but also from the forgetting of ancient books.
The epidemic situation in Chongzhen was too serious, with many infected people. But at the beginning of the outbreak, many doctors treated it with typhoid fever, which was not symptomatic treatment at all, so the outbreak could not be controlled, and more and more people were infected.
Because of this, Wu Ke worked hard and wrote "The Plague Theory". This book fundamentally analyzes the difference between plague and typhoid fever, and puts forward the concept of "resilience", thinking that the plague is caused by "resilience", which is what we call viruses today.
More than four hundred years ago, Wu Youke believed that the "dangerous energy" was mainly introduced into the body from the mouth and nose, and the transmission method was human-to-human, material-to-human, and virus-induced multiple diseases and death ... These concepts are of great importance to our modern epidemic Prevention and control also have a good reference role.
At the same time, Wu Youke also developed the special effect medicine "Da Yuan Yin", which consists of betel nut, magnolia, grass fruit, Zhimu, paeonia, baicalin, licorice seven flavor medicine, used for plague or malaria. After taking it, it can make the body's "relief" recede, and the whole body becomes hot, so that it gradually recovers and heals.
Three
There were many plagues in the Qing Dynasty, and there were "Four Diseases Everyone"
In almost all vernacular Chinese novels of the Qing Dynasty, the plague was described. For example, the smallpox was mentioned in "Mirror Flower Margin", the plague was written in "Black Borrowing Souls", and malaria was written in "Zi Bu Yu". According to " "The Qing Dynasty Draft and Disaster Disaster" recorded that there were 149 plagues in the Qing Dynasty at that time.
From the novels describing to the plague in the Qing Dynasty, smallpox is the most described.
Smallpox was also called "pox" in the Qing Dynasty, and this kind of "pox" was once described in "Jinghuayuan". At that time, people were so terrified of "pox" that they often built a shrine for acne maidens in the folk, and there was also a folk custom to worship the acne maiden for the safety of the whole family.
Smallpox is a very old and acute infectious disease. In the third part of the TV series "Returning to the Pearls", Ziwei's son Dong'er once had smallpox. When Donger got the smallpox in the play, he had a high fever, no energy, no vomiting, and there were red rashes on his body ... This is the typical symptom of smallpox.
Looking back on the entire Qing Dynasty, Emperor Shunzhi and Tongzhi died of smallpox, and Kangxi and Xianfeng had also received smallpox. The emperor alone accounted for four people, not to mention other royal children and civilians!
Emperor Kangxi was very cautious about smallpox protection because he had personally experienced it. At that time, a “pox rash department” was set up in the Tai Hospital, and consultations with famous doctors were conducted throughout the country. At the same time, a “pox check Zhang Jing” was established to strictly prevent and control imported cases.
Because of the emperor's emphasis on smallpox, a person named Fu Weige developed the technique of vaccination: let the vaccination person first mildly contract the symptoms of smallpox, and then give out the smallpox, and finally healed by treatment. There is immunity to smallpox. Although there have been deaths where vaccination failed, in the end, vaccination has become a formal system.
In addition to smallpox in the Qing Dynasty, there were many malaria and plague in the civil society, such as Guangxu 28, 29 in southern Jiangsu and Hangzhou, such as the plague in the northeast of the late Qing Dynasty, and the cholera in Anton ... These epidemics spread very fast, causing A lot of casualties.
Perhaps it was "a hero out of troubled times". The raging plague made many medical practitioners unable to hold back the heart of the hanging pot, so there were "four people with fever" in the Qing Dynasty: Ye Gui, Xue Xue, Wu Yuan, Wang Shixiong.
Among them, the most legendary one is Ye Gui. He is called "Ye Tianshi" in many costume plays. He was born in Kangxi for five years and died in Qianlong for ten years at the age of 79. This was an absolute longevity in ancient times.
Ye Gui is best at treating epidemic diseases, and is also the earliest person who discovered scarlet fever in China. It can be said that Ye Gui is the founder of febrile disease. In addition to the well-known "Thermophilia", his medical works also include nearly a dozen medical books such as "Clinical Guideline Medical Case" and "Unengraved Version of Ye's Medical Case".
In these medical works, Ye Gui analyzed the development of the lesions, gave the basis for diagnosis, and gave some clinical trial results, which gave a large medical basis for the treatment of fever. Because of Ye Gui's unique treatment of the epidemic, a medical school was formed in the Qing Dynasty, namely the "Ye School". As a mentor, Ye Gui imparted his medical knowledge to his students and was also influenced by him. After the Qing Dynasty, more and more doctors studying febrile diseases had a profound impact on modern Chinese medicine.
The emergence of the epidemic made countless lives suddenly disappear, but no matter how terrible it is, there are always people who try their best to expel it, this is true in ancient times, especially in modern times.
Text and photos / Jinling Xiaodai