China News Service, Harbin, January 26 (Reporter Liu Xiju and Wang Nina) Black soil is a precious natural resource on the earth. It is the "giant panda in cultivated land" and provides an important guarantee for my country's food security. At present, the average quality grade of black soil cultivated land in Heilongjiang Province is 3.46, which is 0.13 grades higher than the black soil area in Northeast China. The average soil organic matter content is 36.2 g/kg. At the same time, black soil in Heilongjiang Province also has problems such as thinning of the soil layer, decline in organic matter, and farmland pollution.
How to avoid the loss of black soil resources and protect black soil? At the ongoing Two Sessions of Heilongjiang Province in 2024, Wang Xiaohui, member of the Heilongjiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, director of the Heilongjiang Taiwan Federation, and general manager of Harbin Shifang Handi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., suggested in the proposal that straw should be used scientifically to avoid the loss of black soil resources.
Wang Xiaohui's proposal suggested that policies for the scientific utilization of straw should be formulated and a result-oriented incentive mechanism should be established based on maximizing the ecological and economic value of straw and solving difficult problems. Focus on promoting the "low-carbon in-situ biological decomposition of straw and returning it to the field" model with mature technology and low cost, which directly utilizes the organic carbon of the straw to reduce carbon emissions, especially hydrogen sulfide and methane gas emissions from rice fields, and increases the carbon sink of black soil, providing a basis for conservation. It provides means to improve black soil cultivation layer and agricultural quality, increase production and efficiency. At the same time, it can solve problems that farmers worry about, such as affecting sowing, causing pests and diseases, and achieving a "total ban on straw burning." At the same time, promote the recycling of straw and derivatives (manure).
Xu Xiuhong, a member of the Heilongjiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a teacher at the School of Resources and Environment of Northeast Agricultural University, believes that the problem of thinning of black soil in Heilongjiang Province can be solved through engineering measures (preventing water and soil erosion). The decline in organic matter should mainly be achieved through returning straw to the field, increasing the application of organic fertilizers, etc. Measures to resolve. Black soil farmland pollution includes two aspects: chemical (herbicide) and heavy metal pollution, which should mainly be solved through source control. He suggested formulating a “black soil protection, straw utilization and livestock and poultry manure comprehensive management plan” in Heilongjiang Province to unify and coordinate the solution of the three issues.
As the main person in charge of the tobacco industry in Heilongjiang, Luo Mingde, a member of the Heilongjiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, deputy director of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the Heilongjiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, director (general manager) and party secretary of the Heilongjiang Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company), has always been concerned about the problems currently facing the black soil. During the harvesting and curing of tobacco leaves in 2023, he conducted a black soil protection questionnaire survey focusing on tobacco farmers in 20 villages in three counties: Binxian, Linkou, and Boli. He found that among farmers, cooperatives and other agricultural producers and operators, Nearly 83% of the respondents have recognized the importance of protecting black soil, have a positive attitude, and are subjectively willing to participate in conservation actions. However, due to factors such as technology and funds in actual production, participation in black soil protection is not high. The proportion is about 50%.
To this end, Luo Mingde's proposal suggested that we should continue to increase the publicity and training for black land protection among agricultural producers and operators, enhance their awareness of the rule of law and social responsibility for the protection and utilization of black soil, and strive to create a common support and participation in black soil among agricultural producers and operators. Good vibes for land conservation. In addition, we should also fully mobilize the enthusiasm of agricultural producers and operators to protect black soil, guide agricultural producers and operators to participate extensively, apply conservation farming techniques according to local conditions, protect and manage land in scientific land use, and use and cultivate black soil. Combining protection and action throughout the entire cycle and process of agricultural production, and opening up the last mile of black soil protection. (over)