In order to guide the public to respond to the cold wave scientifically, improve their awareness of self-protection, and reduce the health damage that may be caused by the cold wave, the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention organized experts from the Institute of Environment of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention to formulate the "Guidelines for Public Health Protection of the Cold Wave" according to the characteristics of the cold wave on the basis of scientific research and risk assessment.
The "Guide" is composed of five parts: the basic concept of cold wave, health risks, key protection groups, cold wave meteorological early warning information, and cold wave early warning and graded protective measures guide. The basic concepts and health risks focus on the definition of cold wave and its impact on human respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary and other multi-system health. The key protection groups point out the key groups that need to be paid attention to during the cold wave, including sensitive groups, people with chronic underlying diseases, and outdoor workers. Cold wave meteorological early warning information guides the public to scientifically understand cold wave forecast and early warning information. The guidelines for graded protective measures for cold wave early warning put forward targeted protective measures for key groups.
Guidelines for Public Health Protection during Cold Waves
1. The basic concept of cold waves
A cold wave is a weather event in which cold air from high latitudes invades the middle and low latitudes on a large scale and causes severe cooling (according to the standard of "Cold Air Grade" GB/T 20484-2017, a cold wave refers to a daily minimum temperature with a cooling range greater than or equal to 24°C within 8 hours, or a cooling range greater than or equal to 48°C within 10 hours, or a cooling range greater than or equal to 72°C within 12 hours, and the daily minimum temperature in the place drops to 4°C or below, and the daily minimum temperature decreases continuously within 48 hours and 72 hours).
2. Health risks of cold waves
A drop in temperature can cause the body's blood vessels to constrict and increase the respiratory rate. During the cold wave, cold weather can easily cause superficial skin damage and form chilblains, which can aggravate the pain of patients with arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is easy to induce airway spasm and abnormal immune function of the respiratory system, causing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute attack of bronchial asthma, acute respiratory infection and other respiratory diseases. It is easy to cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, acute heart failure, transient cerebral insufficiency, stroke, etc. At the same time, it may also aggravate urological and endocrine diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes, etc.
3. Key protection groups
There are three main categories of people: the first group is sensitive groups, such as infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly, etc.; The second category is people with chronic underlying diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, etc.; The third category is outdoor workers, such as traffic police, sanitation workers, construction workers, couriers, food delivery workers, etc.
Fourth, cold wave meteorological warning information
According to the "Cold Wave Warning Signal and Defense Guide", there are four levels of cold wave warning signals.
5. Guidelines for graded protective measures
In view of the level of cold wave warning signals, we put forward suggestions for graded population protection measures.
(People's Daily client Shen Shaotie)