At 17:20 Beijing time on the 33th, at the 45th UNESCO World Heritage Conference held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, through the on-site resolution of the review committee, the "Pu'er Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest Cultural Landscape" declared by China was successfully included in the World Heritage List, becoming the world's first tea-themed world cultural heritage.
Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest The first tea culture landscape in the World Heritage Site
Pu'er Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest is located in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, in the southwest border of China. Because the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Hengduan Mountains block the cold air flow from the north, camellias in the mountains of southwest China, where the region is located, survived the Quaternary glaciers and became the origin of the world's cultivated tea plants. Around the 10th to 14th centuries AD, the ancestors of the Brown and Dai ethnic groups migrated to Jingmai Mountain and discovered wild tea plant communities in the forest, and settled there.
For thousands of years, the ancient tea cultivation method adopted by the people of Jingmai Mountain has been passed down to this day. The Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest Heritage Area has formed 5 well-preserved, concentrated distribution and grand scale ancient tea forests, 9 ancient villages and 3 separate shelter forests as isolation and water conservation of ancient tea forests.
CCTV reporter Tian Yunhua: The area of the entire heritage area is clearly presented on this map, surrounded by two rivers, one is the Nanlang River and the other is the Nanmen River, and the entire area of the application has reached 7167.89 hectares.
The canyons of Nanlang River and Nanmen River at an altitude of 1000-1200 meters are easy to form a large-scale sea of clouds, and the number of days of cloud sea can reach about 180 days a year. Subtropical mountain three-dimensional monsoon climate. Precipitation, humidity, rain and heat in the same season are conducive to the formation of tea polyphenols, amino acids and chlorophyll, while cellulose is not easy to form, tea can be kept fresh and tender for a long time, and the content of phosphorus, boron and other elements in the soil is very suitable for the growth of warm Pu'er tea.
On the basis of the belief of the local tea ancestors, government management and grassroots autonomy are combined to form a unique ancient tea forest protection management system, fully respecting local climatic conditions, topographic characteristics and animal and plant populations, and realizing the protection of cultural and biological diversity and the sustainable use of natural resources. Among the heritage elements, villages and traditional residential buildings also reflect the understanding and utilization of the ecological environment in terms of site selection, pattern and architectural style.
Chen Yaohua, director of the World Heritage Research Center of Peking University: Forest reclamation and planting under the forest are the most critical points in the core value of the entire Jingmai Mountain, and instead of cutting down all the forests and planting them, they chose the patch land in the surrounding area where the settlement is located to reclaim a small area. Each small piece is planted understory, retaining most of the trees, making full use of the natural ecosystem to effectively prevent pests and diseases, and provide nutrients. It addresses two of the most critical elements of agricultural production: pest control and nutrient provision. The sustainable evolution and sustainable development of agricultural production has been achieved in an organic way.
My country already has 57 World Heritage Sites
World cultural and natural heritage is an important achievement of the development and natural evolution of human civilization and an important carrier for promoting exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations. Up to now, there are 57 World Heritage Sites in China. How many types of World Heritage are included? Find out ↓ with a short video
World Heritage refers to the rare and irreplaceable wealth of mankind recognized by UNESCO and the World Heritage Committee, and is recognized by all mankind as cultural relics and monuments and natural landscapes of outstanding significance and universal value. In 1972, UNESCO officially promulgated the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in Paris, France. World Heritage is divided into three categories, one is World Cultural Heritage, including cultural landscapes. The second is the world natural heritage, and the third is the dual cultural and natural heritage of the world.
Up to now, China has a total of 57 World Heritage Sites. Among them, there are 14 natural heritages, 4 double heritages, and the largest number is 39 cultural heritages, such as the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, etc., which were the first batch of World Heritage sites in China in 1987, including 6 cultural landscapes, they are Hangzhou West Lake Cultural Landscape, Yunnan Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, Guangxi Huashan Petroglyphs, Lushan Mountain, Wutai Mountain and the Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest that was successfully applied for the World Heritage Site. Cultural landscapes refer specifically to the joint works of man and nature.
Chen Yaohua, Director of the World Heritage Research Center of Peking University: Jingmai Mountain is a tea culture landscape, and there are many specific natural factors, such as soil conditions and climatic conditions. In addition, its moisture conditions, such as the clouds and fog we see, the sea of clouds in Jingmai Mountain is not only very beautiful, but also has a very large effect on the replenishment of winter moisture. So these are its specific natural conditions. It is a relatively closed small geomorphological unit, and the inheritance of tea genes and cultural traditions can be preserved relatively completely.
Agricultural cultural landscapes are of great significance because of their close connection with human production and life and because they are mostly living landscapes. Tea is one of the oldest drinking plants in the world, but there has not been a single tea heritage on the World Heritage List, and there are 10 wine (garden) heritage, 2 coffee heritage, and 1 champagne heritage. The ancient tea forest cultural landscape of Jingmai Mountain is the world's first tea agricultural cultural heritage.
(Main station reporters: Tian Yunhua, Li Tengfei, Zhang Yaning)