Abdullah bin Yassin Al-Jazouli, a jurist, scientist and politician whose name was associated with the emergence of the Almoravid state, which united the Islamic Maghreb and ruled for about 90 years, and he had founded it with nine men until it became the most important Islamic state in Morocco and Andalusia, and gave his name national, African and Arab radiation, and historians of his time singled him out as Mahdi Almoravids.

A jurist who lived as an ascetic and died a mujahid martyr, waged war on "doctrinal and religious deviation", and was described as one of the leaders of Islamic reform in the early fifth century AH.

Birth and upbringing

Abdullah bin Yassin al-Jazouli was born to a Sanhaji father named Yassin bin Makouk bin Sir Ali and a mother named Tin Yazamarn from the people of Jazoula in the village of Tiyamanaute, located in the Souss region of Morocco, at the edge of the desert of Ghana, i.e. in the Ahwaz city of Oudghasht, according to one account.

His family is related to the Jazoula tribe in the far part of Morocco near the Deren Mountains, and researcher Hassan Ahmed Mahmoud suggests that he is related to the Amazigh tribe of Jadala near the Senegal region, which penetrates south to the curve of Niger.

The history books did not mention anything about his childhood and the date of his birth or upbringing, and it is likely that his birth was at the beginning of the fifth century AH. Given his mother's origin and origin, the desert environment played a major role in his knowledge of the traditions, natures and language of his people.

It was stated in the work of "Al-Maassoul" that in the area of the Moroccan city of Oujda today those who belong to him, and the author stood on the proportion of Ibn Yassin, who identified him as "Al-Jazouli Al-Tamanerti" among the Samlalis, as he has a sequence among the genealogy of the "Al-Hakakiyin", and to him belonged the extinct Yasini house in Fez.

Scientific training

Ibn Yassin began his journey of seeking knowledge early in the schools that spread in the Far Maghreb, where he was apprenticed to the imams of their jurists. The references do not mention whether he was discipled by the jurist "Wajaj bin Zlo al-Lamti" before he went to Andalusia or after his return from it.

Historians have stated that the boy traveled to Andalusia during the reign of the kings of the sects, and stayed in Cordoba for 7 years, during which he obtained many sciences from the flags of thought and imams of the era at the time.

He studied under Sheikh Al-Lamti, so he took knowledge and his understanding of religion in his "Ribat", which he established in the city of Nafis (or the village of Malakous) and called it "Dar Al-Mourabitin", and it was intended for students of knowledge and reading the Qur'an.

Al-Lamti was a jurist who was a student of the flags of the Maliki school of thought at that time, such as Imam Abu Imran al-Fassi, Imam Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani and other scholars of Andalusia and Cordoba, so Ibn Yassin was considered in this regard as a student of these figures indirectly, thus collecting the flag of Andalusia and the flag of Morocco.

Ibn Yassin worked hard in the acquisition of Islamic sciences, and he provided himself with general culture, studied and deepened the understanding of scientific texts until he became a jurist in matters of religion and worldliness.

He was not only a jurist, but he was a modern and interpreter scholar, as he interpreted the Qur'an to his companions and narrated the hadith, and one of his students were modernists, and he excelled in jurisprudence, hadith, interpretation, politics, jihad and leading armies and peoples.

Qualities

Ibn Yassin was known among his peers quickly memorization, understanding, accuracy of observation and the power of the model in research and pilgrims, and some of them described him as "one of the clever students of intelligent noble nobles from the people of religiosity and virtue and met and piety, jurisprudence, literature and politics, participating in various sciences, dominated by enthusiasm and enthusiasm for religion and preoccupation with its affairs and issues", as stated that "he was a gentleman strong self with an opinion and management, good and intelligent noble of the people of virtue, religion and piety, bold writer pious and piety not without personal policy feared side."

He was religious, tamed himself with contentment and asceticism, improved the Berber tongue and glorified the Arabic language, knew the sayings, customs, natures and weaknesses of the Sahrawis, was very austere in his food and drink, and a talented orator with strong influence and persuasion and knowledgeable and knowledgeable.

Shaykh Ibn Tashfin was able to attract students who traveled to him from everywhere to listen to his lessons and memorize his fatwas and answers, and narrators suggest that these rulings, whether oral or written, were in Berber rather than Arabic.

He was taught by a generation of Senhaji jurists, including Maimun ibn Yassin, who traveled to Andalusia as a modernizer and narrator.

The trip to Diyar Lamtauna

Ibn Yassin went on a trip to the tribes of Sanhaja al-Janoub, which included more than 70 tribes known as the masked, and a preacher and jurist came to them, as they knew nothing of religion except the two shahadain and a few of the obligations of Islam.

He was chosen to undertake this task on the basis of a letter from Abu 'Imran al-Fassi (a Moroccan jurist who lived in Kairouan) to his teacher al-Lamti, asking him to send with Yahya al-Jadali a pious jurist to correct and deepen the knowledge of the Sanhaja tribes of Islamic laws.

Ibn Yassin began his jihad as a teacher and educator in the desert surroundings of nature and few followers, and Lamtuna was the first of the tribes that settled in the company of the Emir of Jadala in 430 AH (1038 AD), and its leaders admired him and celebrated his arrival and came to him to learn religion and jurisprudence.

When he stressed on them to abandon their bad habits and what they were familiar with to improve their Islam, he weighed his order and forbade him, so they fled from him and revolted against him and tried to kill him, and it was said that they demolished his house and looted what was in it.

At that time, the people retired and took part in a devotional journey to an island in the ocean near the mouth of the Senegal Valley, where he established a bond of worship, seeking knowledge and spreading Islam with Abu Bakr bin Omar, his brother Yahya bin Omar the Latunids and 7 men from the Jadala tribe.

The founding of Rabat and the unification of Sanhaja

Ibn Yassine and those with him lived in Rabat a simple, modest, rough life, and the acceptance of those wishing to join them was subject to an examination and a period of observation to ensure his readiness to accept the Rabat system and rules.

Rabat combined three functions: educational, educational, missionary, and jihadi, and the jurist Ibn Yassin became his prince content to direct and supervise the spiritual and political affairs of the Almoravids, leaving the military leadership to Yahya bin Omar al-Lamtouni.

It was only three months (according to the historian Ibn Abi Zara al-Fassi, and the researcher Hassan Ahmed Mahmoud said that it was about seven years) that people heard their news and flocked to Ibn Yassin's ribat, and he began to read the Qur'an to them and understand them in religion. Ibn Abi Zaraa stated that "he was still fasting from the day he entered their country until he died, may God have mercy on him," and his influence on his followers intensified.

He also sent missions to the tribes to encourage people in the doctrine of the people of Rabat until about a thousand of the supervisors of Sanhaja met him, thus forming the sum of his students and followers committed to his method, so he founded the "Almoravid" movement and they were known in history by this name.

The preaching and guidance process was accompanied by a reform process in the affairs of money and collection, which benefited the poor class of the tribal population, as well as lifting grievances and sufficiency with legitimate collection, and this was an important factor in attracting more followers to the ranks of his movement, so his supporters multiplied and his military power was completed until it led to the unification of the Sanhaja tribes.

At the beginning of the fifth decade of the fifth century of the Hijra (eleventh century AD) was the first jihadist military operation, in which 3,434 marabouts marched towards the Jadala tribe, which submitted to obedience and declared its Islam in <> AH.

The leader of the Lamtuna tribe, Yahya bin Omar, had gone to his people and brought them to him, so they entered into his group and the number became 7 thousand, and he was able to subjugate the rest of them and the tribes of Masoufa and Lamta, and by which the process of unifying the branches of the Sanhaja tribe was completed and the force that will be a strong support in the establishment of the Almoravid state was completed.

Ibn Yassin was subsequently pledged allegiance as emir of Sanhaja, and Yahya ibn Ibrahim retained the Emirate of al-Jund.

Subjugation of desert tribes

After uniting the Senhaji Lamtuniya as a first stage, Ibn Yassin embarked on the process of expanding southward to secure a financial resource for the nascent state.

The beginning was in the Kingdom of Ghana and the city of Udghasht in 446 AH (1054 AD), and in the same year Yahya ibn Umar led a parallel campaign in the direction of the north.

The influence of the Zinatis in Draa and Sijilmasa was then undermined in a second phase, ensuring that trade routes were concentrated in the Lamtuna tribe.

After that, he led the unification of the country starting with Souss, capturing Taroudant and Massa in 448 AH (1056-1057 AD), then heading to the High Atlas to subdue the remnants of the Masmudi tribes in 449 to the migration, and then to the south-east towards the city of Aghmat, which was under the flood of the Maghrawids.

At the last stage, he went to the Tadla region and the Atlantic plains to fight the Banu Yafran al-Zanati and subject them to his authority, after which he entered – an elderly sheikh – into war with the bourgeons who followed the pretender of prophecy Salih bin Tarif.

Historians stated that Prince Ibn Yassin's enthusiasm made him ignore or forget the wisdom for which Yahya bin Omar al-Lamtouni had been disciplined, which stipulates that "the prince does not enter the fight himself because his life is the life of his military and his destruction is their destruction."

Sheikh Mujahid was martyred on the battlefield in the Tamesna region in the northwest of the Far Maghreb, leaving behind a ground prepared for the establishment of a unified Moroccan state under the leadership of Abu Bakr bin Omar and Yusuf bin Tashfin.

The unity of the Maghreb was completed after the founding of Marrakesh in 545 AH (1062 AD) and its declaration as the capital of the nascent state, whose first daughter Ibn Yassin was placed.

The Almoravid state lived for about a century, and its geographical borders included the Far Maghreb, the western part of the central Maghreb (present-day Algeria), large parts of western Sudan and Andalusia.

Emoji about the Emirate of Barghawata (island)

Death

The founder of the Almoravid state was martyred in the jihad against the Barghawata tribe on 24 Jumada al-Awwal 451 AH, corresponding to July 7, 1059, where he was severely wounded and died.

His burial place was in Rabwa in the town of Krifila in the Za'ir tribe, 50 km from the city of Rabat, which bears in its name part of the Rabat built by Ibn Yassin, and on whose grave a mosque was built.

On his tomb is a phrase conveyed by the book of investigation to Nasiri, "This is the tomb of the righteous jurist and the mentoring scholar Maulana Abdullah bin Yassin Al-Jazouli, the Mahdi of the Almoravids of the state of Lamtuna, may God have mercy on him, died as a martyr in the war of Barghawata in the year fifty-one and four hundred AH, and he was very pious in the restaurant and drink."

It was engraved and decorated by Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Al-Abbas Al-Zaari Al-Obaidi on 20 Safar 1381 AH, and the mausoleum is currently known as "Sidi Abdullah Moul Al-Kara" meaning ring and ribat.

What they said about him

His Beatitude said: "Morocco became dizzy until it became faithful to the teachings of Islam after it had almost shrunk from it."

Muhsin ibn al-Hasan al-Hajwi stated in his book al-Fikr al-Sami fi al-Fiqh al-Islamiyya on the authority of 'Abdullah ibn Yassin: "The founder of the Almoravid state, the spreader of religion in the desert and Sudan, the publisher of the Maliki school of thought, and the resident of a great power on the ruins of many vanished states in Morocco. This man is the best to be adorned with his remembrance and has the pleasure of translating this book, because he renewed Islam in North Africa, from which he reached Andalusia, and from him the light spread after the darkness that surrounded these countries, and introduced the Arab Islamic civilization and life to the inhabitants of the wasteland, and the fact that a civilized Muslim human being was confused by people who were monsters, and Islam did not spread after strife and separation and the fact that unity brought humiliation and discord, while his political works are based on the abbreviation in our history of North Africa.

Ibrahim Harakat said in the introduction of the book of the symposium of Abdullah bin Yassin: "The title of Mahdi Almoravids, which was singled out by historians of his time, was not a kind of artificial grandiose titles, for although he did not witness the fruits of his efforts and difficult career, he waged a relentless war on doctrinal and religious deviation, and made the jurists from his person a key party in the political system and the judicial system, and both Abu Bakr bin Omar and Yusuf bin Tashfin walked in his line completely."