In the face of the past diversion of "non-general employment", vocational integration has undoubtedly created more choices and opportunities for students to become talents——

Breaking the boundaries of employment and popularity, "one test" is no longer "fixed for life"

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As one of the earlier pilot cities in China, Qingdao explored the implementation of vocational integration, which alleviated the pressure of "one test for life" and "non-general employment", gave students who performed abnormally or had sufficient stamina in the middle school entrance examination the opportunity to make up for their regrets, and also alleviated the diversion anxiety of many parents.

After this month, Xu Ran is about to usher in the sprint stage of the spring college entrance examination, which is also the second year of her choice of vocational college entrance examination.

At this time last year, Xu Ran was still a general high school student, and after a year of study, in the face of the results of "how can not learn", Xu Ran chose to transfer to the vocational school vocational general integration class. "Instead of entering a junior college in the general college entrance examination, it is better to advance to the undergraduate through the spring college entrance examination." Xu Ran has a rational and clear understanding of reality.

In the face of the past "non-general employment" diversion education system, vocational integration undoubtedly created a delayed choice opportunity for students. After a year of trying the high school teaching system, students have a more objective understanding of themselves, and they are more rational and mature in making choices at this time.

As one of the earlier pilot cities in China, Qingdao explored the implementation of general vocational integration in 2016, and has been subdivided into three modes: vocational integration, comprehensive high school and new vocational integration, 23 secondary vocational schools and 18 ordinary high schools in the city carry out vocational and general integration classes, 16 secondary vocational schools carry out comprehensive high school pilots, 8 ordinary high schools and 7 secondary vocational schools open new vocational integration classes, and more than 6600,<> ordinary high school students transfer to vocational schools every year.

"One test" is no longer "set for life"

At the end of the middle school entrance examination, Xu Ran missed the ideal high school with a difference of 1.5 points, and between going to an ordinary high school and an excellent vocational high school, his parents firmly chose the former. "Actually, my second choice is to go to Huaxia Vocational School, but my parents' traditional consciousness always felt that high school was better." In China, the views of Xu Ran's parents are quite representative.

The academic difficulty of ordinary high schools has increased significantly. Xu Ran said frankly: "I really want to take the undergraduate exam, but it is really difficult to enter an undergraduate college from Pu Gao. In the first semester of high school, the class teacher told Xu Ran about the policy of job integration, and she knew for the first time that she could make another choice when entering high school, and there was a greater chance of being admitted to undergraduate. This time, Xu Ran did not hesitate anymore and chose the vocational general integration class of Qingdao Huaxia Vocational School, focusing on the spring college entrance examination.

In 2016, in accordance with the reform mechanism of "mutual communication between vocational education and general education" proposed by the Ministry of Education, Qingdao began the pilot work of general job integration, carrying out curriculum co-construction, teacher sharing, credit mutual recognition, and student status transfer. The person in charge of the Vocational Education and Continuing Education Department of Qingdao Municipal Education Bureau told reporters that students in the vocational integration class receive ordinary high school teaching in the first year of high school, and there are three opportunities for student status transfer before the second semester of high school, the first semester of the second semester of high school and the second semester, and students can choose independently according to their grades.

"This model alleviates the pressure of 'one exam for life' and 'non-ordinary employment', gives students who have performed abnormally or have enough strength in the middle school entrance examination the opportunity to make up for their regrets, and also alleviates the anxiety of many parents." The chief said.

In recent years, in accordance with the implementation path of three comprehensive high schools proposed by Shandong Province, "middle vocational comprehensive high school, vocational and general joint construction of comprehensive high school, and overall transformation of vocational school", on the basis of vocational integration, Qingdao has explored and tried comprehensive high schools and new vocational integration, and increased the teaching mode of setting up comprehensive high school classes in vocational schools and opening new vocational and general integration classes in ordinary high schools, so as to maximize resource sharing, cross-school coordination, and give students more opportunities to choose and higher quality education.

"Schoolwork is not easy"

For a long time, the learning atmosphere of vocational schools is not strong, and the basic disciplines are weak and have been criticized by many parents. Facing the spring and summer college entrance examinations, how to consolidate students' achievements in basic disciplines is a test of the main body of joint schools.

In this regard, the Qingdao Municipal Education Bureau gives full play to the institutional advantages of group schooling, regularly organizes teachers of comprehensive high schools and ordinary high schools and vocational schools to carry out joint teaching, research and scientific research, and top-level design of teachers, courses and educational resources of vocational and general integration schools.

Gao Pingping, vice president of Qingdao Huaxia Vocational School, told reporters that the school and the 66 middle schools and 16 middle schools jointly run schools have formed special classes to jointly teach and research topics, and the teachers of cultural courses are ordinary high school teachers, and the teachers of professional courses and skills courses are served by vocational school teachers, forming a dual-class teacher training mechanism of "cultural course station, professional class walking teaching, and liaison officer stationed in school".

Qingdao High-tech Vocational School (Qingdao Polytechnic High School) is equipped with Germany's advanced physical and chemical student laboratory, equipped with 24 basic subject teachers through the introduction of general high school, double first-class university recruitment and other forms, and invites key high school teachers to concurrently serve as teaching and research team leaders to promote the basic teaching level of the school.

In order to encourage ordinary high schools to actively participate in vocational integration, the Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Education allocated special funds for teacher hardware and other financial support; Ordinary high school teachers who teach in vocational schools and meet the corresponding standards enjoy volunteer teaching treatment; Introduce an assessment mechanism, set up vocational integration classes and schools with obvious results in educating people, and give additional points to the comprehensive assessment to incentives.

Gao Yunke was admitted to the fashion design and engineering major of Shandong Academy of Arts and Crafts last year with the fifth place in Shandong Province. According to her recollection, her homework in the comprehensive high school class of Qingdao High-tech Vocational School was not easy, the basic subjects and professional courses were fully arranged, and there were three or four evening self-study sessions every night.

What Gao Yunke remembers most is the discipline management of the school. Enter the school gate to seal mobile phones, cannot speak in class, turn off the lights in the dormitory on time, and so on. Gao Yunke said frankly that strict management has created a good learning atmosphere for them.

Data show that a total of 23 vocational schools in Qingdao currently offer general vocational integration classes, which are jointly run with ordinary high schools. The number of people transferred from a dozen jobs per year to 6600,<> last year.

Expect the passage to be smoother

With the improvement of the recognition of the vocational and general education system, the continuous increase in the number of general job transfers is also testing the ability of vocational education to run schools, and issues such as accelerating the adjustment of professional settings, strengthening the hardware of teachers, and further smoothing the college entrance examination channel are all urgent to be solved.

In Qingdao, the vocational integration class learns general high school textbooks in the first year of high school, with two vocational awareness courses per week, and regularly organizes off-campus practical research, "This kind of curriculum can on the one hand lay a solid foundation for subject education, create conditions for students to take the summer college entrance examination, and on the other hand, help students who are preparing to transfer to the spring college entrance examination to determine their career direction." Sun Hong, principal of Qingdao High-tech Vocational School, said.

Faced with the shortage of teachers, Huaxia Vocational School introduced 8 enterprise craftsmen as professional teachers, and participated in teaching and research, teaching and preparing for competitions. Encourage teachers of basic disciplines in the school to obtain professional teacher qualification certificates to achieve "one specialty, multiple teachings"; Jointly with junior high schools, secondary vocational schools, general high schools, enterprises, etc., to establish a general vocational integration education alliance, and signed agreements with Singapore and other countries to build more channels for students to further their studies.

Considering the trend of hobbies and college entrance examinations, Xu Ran chose to major in fashion design. What makes her happy is that the learning atmosphere here is even higher than in the previous class, and the teachers of basic subjects are almost all from ordinary high schools, and her grades are always at the top of the class.

In recent days, she has been busy participating in the school's speech competition and cheerleading rehearsals, and Xu Ran's goal for the future is very clear: "If you want to get a public undergraduate, you have to work harder."

Zhang Chang