The Kremlin is a fortified architectural edifice in the center of the Russian capital, Moscow, linked to the history of the Russian state, and is the official residence of the country's president and the main symbol of the Russian Federation.

The name
means the word "Kremlin" in Russian castle or fortress, and is given to the palace and the surrounding buildings, and it is one of the important places for Russians, so that there is a proverbial word called "nothing higher than Moscow except the Kremlin, and nothing higher than the Kremlin except the sky."

The Kremlin was used as the official residence of the tsars, then for the leaders of the former Soviet Union, and later became the political center of the Russian Federation, as well as the president's place of business.

In the media, it symbolizes the Russian government and power in general.

Location
The Kremlin is located in the heart of the capital Moscow on a high hill "Borovitsky", overlooking the Moskva River from the south, St. Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and Alexander Park to the west, and is surrounded by a huge wall about two and a half miles long and about 25 meters high.

In the past, the Kremlin was built on land that was dense pine forest.

History
The history of the Kremlin dates back to 1156 when Prince Yuri Dolgoruky ordered the construction of a Moscow fortress, and in 1238 during the Mongol-Tatar invasion the Kremlin was demolished, and rebuilt in 1339, but the building itself was not called the Kremlin until 1331.


The existing walls and towers were built between 1485 and 1516.

Facilities
The Kremlin includes several luxurious palaces that once belonged to the Tsar and his men, before they were turned into museums, and contains more than seven hundred rooms with a luxurious interior design that combines several architectural styles.

The Grand Kremlin Palace is part of the residence of the President of Russia, and the halls of the state such as the tradition of decorations, the handing over of credentials or the assumption of office by the newly elected president.

Built for Emperor Nikolai I between 1838 and 1850, this palace houses five halls named after the famous decorations of the Russian Empire: Georgios, Andrew, Alexander, Vladimir and Katerina.

The Ribbed Hall Granovitaya Balata was constructed by Italian designers Marco Friazzin and Pietro Antonio Solari for Tsar Ivan III in 1491 and reopened its doors to visitors on 21 June 2012.

The residential palace "Terimnoy Dvorets", built between 1635 and 1636 during the reign of Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich, and the lower floors of these palaces were used as work workshops in the 16th century, and the royal residence is four relatively small rooms located on the second floor of the palace.

There is also the State Kremlin Palace, formerly called the Conference Palace, built in 1961 under the direction of Russia's chief engineer Mikhail Vasilyevich Bosukhin with the support of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev on the site of the Kremlin's Arms Museum.

In addition to conferences and meetings, the State Kremlin Palace Hall is designed for festivals and theatrical performances, including opera, ballet and concerts.