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　　While the instant delivery industry is booming, there are problems such as traffic hazards and limited coverage of work-related injury protection.

Experts suggest the establishment of a wide-coverage occupational risk community, and the National Development and Reform Commission plans to introduce policies to promote the healthy and orderly development of the industry.

　　At noon on February 9, at a fresh food distribution site in Chaoyang District, Beijing, the deliveryman Hu Song had just finished sorting out the goods and preparing to deliver them.

The trunk of his electric bicycle is full, with a total of 6 large and small packages hanging on the front and back.

　　As long as you order on your mobile phone, food, fresh food, medicines, daily necessities and other items can be "delivered in 30 minutes"... In recent years, driven by the "stay-at-home economy" such as food delivery, instant delivery has flourished.

Data show that in 2022, my country's instant delivery orders are expected to exceed 40 billion orders, a year-on-year increase of 30%, and the market size is about 200 billion yuan.

　　At the same time, as an emerging logistics industry that integrates across borders, the development of the instant delivery industry is also facing some problems.

A few days ago, the National Development and Reform Commission held a press conference to introduce the "14th Five-Year" Modern Logistics Development Plan, and proposed to promote the healthy and orderly development of the instant delivery industry.

　　"Rush for time, afraid of timeout"

　　As consumers have increasingly demanding timeliness for receiving goods quickly, delivery fulfillment has also entered the era of hours and minutes. There are many real-time delivery platforms.

　　The minute-level timeliness has higher requirements on the punctuality of the courier.

Li Min, a 38-year-old delivery worker on an errand platform, is mainly engaged in one-to-one delivery in Beijing, focusing on system dispatching.

The system dispatches orders across the city, and there are many uncertainties in the route and distance of each order.

"There are too many situations that may cause timeouts, such as delays on the sender or pick-up party, bad weather, etc."

　　Different from one-to-one errand delivery, the delivery mode of takeaway, fresh food and so on is to make orders along the way.

30-year-old Shi Jianqiang is from a rural village in Luoyang, Henan. He came to Beijing last October to work as a crowdsourcing delivery worker.

Although he has received many times of traffic safety education, he has gradually become familiar with the routes in the relevant area, but sometimes he still goes the wrong way on the sidewalk and even runs a red light.

"Rushing for time, I'm afraid that I will be complained if I exceed the time limit." He said.

　　During the interview, many delivery staff said that the traffic risk "does exist", not only to ensure punctuality, but also to look at the route navigation, a little distraction on the road, there may be a car accident.

　　Since 2022, there has been a year-on-year increase in the number of casualty accidents involving vehicles of equal or greater responsibility in Beijing’s express takeaway instant delivery vehicles.

Among them, traffic violations such as going against the road, running a red light, and driving on motor vehicle lanes and sidewalks are the main causes of traffic accidents.

　Some platforms purchase commercial accident insurance

　　Hu Song is from rural Hebei, and has just been working on a grocery shopping platform for more than three months.

He told reporters that 3 to 4 orders of fresh food can be delivered within half an hour, and the destinations are not too far from the site.

However, due to the different sizes of fresh items, you must be extra careful when encountering fragile items such as eggs.

If the item is damaged and complained by the customer, he must bear a certain fine and compensate the corresponding value of the item, sometimes as much as several hundred yuan, "one day for nothing".

　　The reporter noticed that on the trunks of many delivery staff, the recruitment advertisements with "a monthly income of tens of thousands" are particularly eye-catching.

Hu Song said that the commission for each order of fresh food delivery is about 5 yuan. To achieve "a monthly income of tens of thousands", more than 60 orders need to be processed every day. Calculated by running 6 to 8 orders an hour, working more than 10 hours is commonplace.

At present, Hu Song can rest up to 3 days a month. "If you want to rest, you need to ask for leave in advance, otherwise the system will default you to the status of receiving orders."

　　It is understood that the mode of instant delivery is mainly divided into two types: full-time delivery personnel and crowdsourcing delivery personnel.

If it is a crowdsourcing model in which APP signs a cooperation agreement, it will be difficult to be recognized as a traditional labor relationship and cannot be included in the current work-related injury insurance system.

　　Although the occupational risk of instant delivery workers is relatively high, the social insurance participation rate is low, and commercial insurance is the most important way of protection.

The reporter learned that some platforms have compulsorily purchased commercial accident insurance for the delivery staff, and the insurance fee is deducted from the delivery staff's income - some deduct 30 cents per order, and some calculate it on a daily basis, deducting 30 cents per day ~7 yuan, with a monthly deduction ranging from 90 to 200 yuan.

The maximum insured amount is 100,000 yuan and does not include lost wages, nutrition expenses, etc.

　　Two years ago, Li Min was driving on the way after delivering the order, and was hit by a car that did not turn on the turn signal and suddenly changed lanes.

"Two ribs were broken, and the knee ligament of the right leg was broken, and I had to recuperate for a year after surgery." Since the other party was fully responsible, he paid for his medical expenses.

But Li Min did not have any income or subsidies during his recovery period.

　　Pilot projects of occupational injury protection launched in many places

　　At present, what is the protection strength of the commercial accident insurance configured on the platform?

How to innovate the occupational injury protection model and safeguard the rights and interests of workers in new employment forms?

　　"Under the situation that the occupational injury protection system has not been fully perfected, commercial insurance can play a certain role in spreading risks." Wang Tianyu, deputy director of the Social Law Research Office of the Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told reporters that if the delivery person is not seriously injured, the business Insurance claims are still covered.

However, if the injury is serious, the compensation provided by commercial insurance is obviously insufficient compared with work-related injury insurance, and the living expenses of the injured worker due to missing work are also not guaranteed.

　　"Due to the commercial nature of commercial accident insurance, there are cost accounting and profit considerations. In the long run, it is still necessary to establish a protection mechanism with social insurance attributes." Wang Tianyu said.

　　In 2021, eight departments including the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Safeguarding the Labor Security Rights and Interests of Laborers in New Employment Forms", stipulating that "focusing on platform companies in industries such as travel, food delivery, instant delivery, and intra-city freight, organize the development of platform Pilot Program of Occupational Injury Protection for Flexible Employment Personnel".

　　At present, many places have launched pilot projects of occupational injury protection for workers in new employment forms.

Wang Tianyu suggested that based on the experience and deficiencies of local exploration in the early stage, the pilot should be set as social insurance for flexible employment personnel.

"The pilot position of occupational injury protection should be social insurance. Based on the principle of compulsory insurance participation and platform payment, a wide-coverage occupational risk community will be established to solve the problems of high premiums, low levels, and large differences in commercial insurance. At the same time, refer to work-related injury insurance to determine protection. Standards, and more quickly solve the bottom-line security problem of flexible employees."

　　In the long run, Wang Tianyu believes that it is possible to establish a "rights list" for workers in new forms of employment. With the development of new forms of business, gradually explore and improve the rights of workers in various aspects such as occupational injury protection, working hours, and income distribution. Improve the level of security.

　　Zhang Jiangbo, deputy director of the Economic and Trade Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said a few days ago that the National Development and Reform Commission is taking the lead in researching and formulating a comprehensive Policy documents to further promote the healthy and orderly development of instant delivery.

Yu Linge