Exploring the cultural remains of Longshan in the Central Plains: groups of burial objects are arranged in an orderly manner

　　China News Service, Pingdingshan, December 7th, title: Exploring the cultural remains of Longshan in the Central Plains: Groups of funeral objects are arranged in an orderly manner, with distinctive rituals

　　Author Kan Li

　　The food and wine utensils in the tombs are matched and arranged in groups. After more than 4,000 years, the distinctive ritual color of the Longshan cultural period can still be seen.

　　This is the Yuzhuang site in Ye County, Henan Province, belonging to the Longshan Cultural Period.

A batch of burial objects unearthed by him has provided important material materials for the study of the origin of ritual system in the Central Plains.

　　The Longshan cultural period belongs to the late Neolithic period. It has a history of more than 4,000 years before the civilization of Xia, Shang and Zhou.

Its cultural remains are distributed in Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

The picture shows the Longshan Culture period pottery unearthed at the Yuzhuang site in Ye County, Henan Province.

Kan Lishe

　　In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, people had strict rituals in sacrificial rites, banquets, and funerals, such as the emperor's nine-ding and eight-gui, the princes and the seven-ding and six-gui, and the doctor's-wuding and four-gui.

　　As one of the five major archaeological achievements of the "Archaeological China", the Yuzhuang site has an area of ​​no less than 500,000 square meters and is the central settlement in the middle reaches of the Shahe River during the Longshan Cultural Period.

The Longshan tombs in the site are large in scale and rich in cultural connotations, which have important archaeological value for the study of early Xia Dynasty countries.

　　Among them, the No. 10 Longshan Tomb is the most abundant.

Wu Weihua, an associate researcher at the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said, "This is the Longshan tomb with the richest known burial objects and the highest grade in the Central Plains."

The picture shows an on-site description of the group of artifacts unearthed at the Yuzhuang site by archaeologists, highlighting the distinctive etiquette color.

Kan Lishe

　　The reporter recently went to visit the Yuzhuang site.

In Tomb No. 10, the reporter saw a person buried in a single coffin with his back straight; a person outside the coffin may be buried in the same posture.

Count the utensils in the tomb, a total of 33 pottery, mainly black clay pottery.

One of them is placed on the left side of the waist of the person in the tomb, and the rest are on the second floor of the tomb.

　　Wu Weihua said, “These funerary pottery includes two categories: food and drinking vessels. Among them, beans and goblets are arranged in an orderly manner, and there are seven groups of wares, presenting a distinctive etiquette color."

　　Moving to another place, there are 7 groups of beans and goblets in a set of pottery in the other place, which are the same number as the main objects in tomb 10, reflecting the same concept of rituals.

　　Beans and goblets that can hold wine are ancient ritual vessels.

"You can't do it for yourself." During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the bottle was not an ordinary drinker. The amount of the drinker was related to the drinker's status, personality, and alcohol volume. Only high-grade people could use this device.

　　Wu Weihua said that in ancient times, there were strict grade restrictions on the use of ritual vessels to indicate the status and identity of users.

"It's not difficult to reminiscent of the ritual system of later generations, and the martyrs in the tombs also demonstrate the noble status of the tomb owner."

　　On the contrary, in the archaeological excavations, some of the small tombs of Longshan were found to have nothing. It can be seen that the hierarchy of rich and poor was already obvious at that time.

　　Throughout the Yuzhuang site, more than dozens of tombs, building foundations, ash pits and cellars have been cleaned up so far, which helped deepen the social stratification, hierarchy, and ritual system of "early China" in the Xia Dynasty. Understanding of phenomena and regulations.

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