Public chopsticks and spoons to stop the spread of disease should be "upper" as standard on the dining table
On April 3, in a restaurant in the Shayiba district of Urumqi, Xinjiang, two diners waited for a meal, and the public window next to them had a poster of "Public Chopstick Sharing".
Liu Xinzhong News Agency Xinjiang Branch / People's Vision
Introduce me a glass of wine and drink, and Jun Jun sang the song. Invite three or five friends to have dinner at the same table, and have a taste for wine and song, but if you are not careful, you may also swallow viruses and bacteria. Studies have shown that the incidence of foodborne infections in the population is increasing. The "meal sharing" provides bacteria and viruses with an opportunity to enter the body. It can be described as a health barrier against new coronavirus that can be spread by droplets and contact.
Since March, Shandong, Beijing, Jiangsu, Hebei, Hunan, and other places have successively issued local regulations or initiatives for meal sharing systems and chopsticks. Public chopsticks are used to serve dishes, rejecting "slobber dishes", and are moving towards more people's tables.
In fact, as early as during the SARS period, the meal-sharing system and public chopsticks and public spoons were widely called and adopted, but unfortunately people gradually gave up after the epidemic. Some experts said that based on the traditional difficulties of traditional culture, eating habits, and operating costs of the catering industry, the meal sharing system is difficult to achieve overnight, but through various measures and regulations, the catering industry and the public can be trained to share the meal system habits, making meal sharing a daily life Standard.
Eating a pot of vegetables may have many diseases
From the meal-sharing system to the meal-sharing system, the family enjoys the delicious dishes "at the same time eating a pot of vegetables" while providing some opportunities for the spread of some diseases.
At the end of January, a family in Nanjing had a dinner together, resulting in 7 people diagnosed with new coronary pneumonia. A family of 9 people in Harbin had dinner together, and all 9 were diagnosed cases.
"In addition to the new coronavirus, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis A virus, typhoid bacillus, hand, foot and mouth disease, which can be spread through the feces, are all potential hazards." Min Han, deputy chief physician of the Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, Suzhou City Hospital, Jiangsu, said Helicobacter pylori is a A micro-aerobic, spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium, carried by about 50% of people worldwide.
In 1983, Australian scholars Warren and Marshall first discovered Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa of patients with gastritis, which can colonize the surface of the gastric mucosa for a long time. Helicobacter pylori infection can cause a series of stomach lesions, such as gastric cancer, chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and unexplained iron deficiency anemia in adults and children.
In 1989 and 1993, scholars isolated and successfully cultivated Helicobacter pylori from plaque and saliva of patients with gastritis for the first time. "This means that Helicobacter pylori can also spread through saliva, but not all people infected with Helicobacter pylori will have obvious gastrointestinal symptoms, and usually only a small number of infected people may have typical clinical manifestations. However, the introduction of divided meals System may help to reduce Helicobacter pylori infection, "Min Han said.
Not only block the infection, but also other health benefits
There are also bacteria and viruses such as hepatitis A virus that can be "sick from the mouth." "Hepatitis A virus, malaria, cholera, norovirus can be excreted with feces. If feces contaminate drinking water, food, vegetables, etc., other people can drink contaminated water or eat contaminated food, it can cause infection. Food and feces can also contaminate toys and household utensils. After children touch these toys and household utensils, if their hands are not thoroughly cleaned and they touch and eat food, they may also cause infection. "Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Food Safety and Evaluation Institute The deputy director and chief physician Dai Yue said that if people share tableware, tea cups, dental appliances, etc. with patients suffering from gastrointestinal diseases transmitted by feces, they may enter the digestive tract through the mouth, and the implementation of a divided meal system can reduce cross-infection. risk.
The divided meal system builds a healthy defense line for humans against bacteria and viruses, but also indirectly brings healthy eating habits and lifestyles. "Combined meals may not be a good way to control the amount of food you eat. You eat more every meal. Excessive energy intake can easily cause overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease." Dai Yue said.
Min Han believes, "When dining around tables, there are many food choices, and some people may be picky eaters, such as excessive protein intake, which will increase the burden on the kidneys; eating too much seafood may have the hidden danger of gout, but the meal system Helps to control food intake and facilitate balanced nutrition intake. "
Health awareness affects the "popularity" of public chopsticks
Whenever an outbreak of an epidemic infectious disease occurs, the meal sharing system will be vigorously advocated. After SARS, the appeal of using public spoons and chopsticks was once popular, but the spread of the SARS epidemic has gradually taken away people's enthusiasm.
Lu Shuhong, Tian Benchun, and Yang Tingzhong published in 2008 "Comparison of Health Behaviors Related to SARS Residents and Later SARS Residents" pointed out that during the SARS period, among the people who went out to eat, 12.1% and 24.8 people used chopsticks %, In 2006 it dropped to 11.2% and 22.7% respectively.
Dai Yue analyzed that for the Chinese restaurant that pays attention to the color and fragrance, the arrangement of the dishes may not be as delicate as the dining table, and the lack of greetings between the host and the guests is also considered to affect the atmosphere of the dinner.
"Actually, the meal sharing system has been popularized for a long time, but many people think that the separation of meals at home will increase the sense of separation. And some catering companies believe that the implementation of the meal sharing system increases the labor cost, and it also needs to occupy more dishes, chopsticks, and tableware costs. Improvement, so promotion has always been difficult. "Yu Xuerong, executive chairman of the Jiangsu Food and Beverage Industry Association, said that at present, less than 10% of the 391,000 food service units in Jiangsu are implementing a meal sharing system.
Experts said that lack of health awareness is also an important reason for the implementation of the meal sharing system. According to Xinhua.com's questionnaire survey of nearly 20,000 netizens, 40% of netizens praised the promotion of the meal system, while 30% of netizens expressed opposition. From the perspective of the whole society, only a few people have the consciousness of sharing meals, but those who want to share meals or use public chopsticks often make people feel "alternative".
However, this new crown epidemic has caused people to reflect on many daily habits, and dining has become an important aspect of it. Recently, at the press conference of the Joint Defense and Joint Control Mechanism of the State Council, Mao Qun'an, deputy director of the National Health and Welfare Office and director of the Planning Department of the National Health and Health Commission, made it clear that the next step will summarize the experience of promoting meal sharing in some places. Practices form a system and promote it.
Multiple standards will accelerate the reform of the meal sharing system
Experts believe that the long-standing catering tradition may be able to try to break through from the supply-side reform of catering companies. Recently, the Jiangsu Food and Beverage Industry Association has formulated the "Standard for Making Dishes", and is currently seeking comments. "The so-called" serving food "means serving one meal per person. Consumers can try more varieties of dishes at a time. Catering companies can also accurately grasp the amount of food and avoid waste. More importantly, it is hygienic and beneficial to health. The standard standardizes the temperature, raw materials, and weight of the 'position serving' to facilitate operation, avoid cross-infection, and avoid potential food safety hazards. "Yu Xuerong said.
The promotion of using public chopsticks and spoons is also being incorporated into the daily management of the hotel. On March 8th, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province issued the local standard of "Regulations for the Use of Public Spoons and Chopsticks", which was the first local standard for the use of public spoons and chopsticks.
On March 9th, the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and the Shandong Tourism Hotel Association jointly issued an initiative to the province ’s tourism hotel, accommodation and catering industry to promote the implementation of the “meal sharing system, public spoons and chopsticks” in the tourism hotel (catering) industry in the province. Double chopsticks system ".
On March 16, Shandong Province also took the lead in launching the "Guidelines for Designing a Meal Sharing System in the Catering Industry" and "Implementing Guidelines for Non-contact Meals for Catering Providers" in China, and proposed "separating meal tables", "meal sharing spoons" and "meal sharing self-collect "The three models provide good practices for the promotion of the meal sharing system. In addition, Beijing, Shanghai, Hebei, Hunan and other places also explicitly recommend the use of public chopsticks and spoons.
"Different meal systems can be tried for different companies and scenes. For example, large-scale and high-end catering companies can implement 'position serving'; small and medium-sized catering companies can try to use public chopsticks and spoons; at home dining, family members can Using fixed tableware, while protecting yourself, also love others. "Dai Yue said.
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The history of Chinese meal sharing far exceeds the history of catering
The traditional way of daily eating in China has gone through a long process from meal sharing to eating, and the historical time of meal sharing far exceeds that of eating. In the earliest stage of prehistoric clan culture, food was owned in common. After the food was processed, it was divided equally according to the number of people, and then each meal was eaten. This is the most primitive food sharing system.
In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Chinese began to sit on the ground and eat according to the case. Each person served a portion and divided the food into a very thick dietary tradition. In the historical books, there are many records about the meal-sharing system. The "Hongmen Banquet" described in "Historical Records of Xiang Yu" indicates that the meal-sharing system was implemented at that time. At the banquet, Xiang Wang and Xiang Bo sat to the east, Fan Zeng to the south, Peigong to the north, and Zhang Liang to the waiter. These five people were one person per case.
In the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the culture of ethnic minorities and Han people gradually merged, which also brought about changes in eating habits. The most typical is the emergence of high-legged seats during this period, which prompted everyone to start eating at the same table.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the food culture was even more affected by ethnic minorities. After mid-Wuzhou, the country was unprecedentedly prosperous and reached its heyday. At this time, meal sharing and eating were coexisting, and eating became the mainstream. However, during this period, the dining style still has the characteristics of diversification during the transition period.
By the Song Dynasty, modern-style dinners appeared in restaurants and restaurants. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Huixian system was fully mature and popular.