【Explanation】Seeds are related to a country's food security, as the world's largest pig production and pork consumption, good seeds are an important foundation to ensure the healthy development of the pig industry. Recently, the reporter walked into the National Pig Core Breeding Farm in Pudong, Shanghai, to understand how a high-quality "Chinese pig" was born.
It is understood that China has a 9000,1-year domestication history of pigs, complex and diverse ecological environment and socio-economic conditions, and gradually formed rich local pig breed resources. With the change in people's demand for pork consumption after the reform and opening up, China has begun a history of large-scale hybrid breeding of pig breeds and local pig breeds. According to the staff, in the past ten years, China has imported less than 10,90 breeding pigs per year, accounting for less than <>% of the core breeding population, although it has successfully achieved localized breeding and guaranteed nearly <>% of the pig seed supply. However, in the absence of continuous systematic breeding, it is easy to fall into the vicious circle of "introduction-degradation-reintroduction", and a series of problems such as high introduction costs, reduced local pig breeding sources, competition between pigs and humans for food, and biosecurity will also arise.
【During the same period】Zhang Hejun, breeding director of a certain pig company in Shanghai
Our local pigs also have an advantage that "foreign" breeding pigs cannot match, which is that it is very resilient, that is, it is raised against adversity, that is, when it snows heavily, the old sow with the piglet walking around in the snow will not have a problem. But the "foreign" breeding pig you have to raise it, you have to give it a good temperature, ventilation, including feed, you have to follow its pattern. The pigs we just talked about are mainly imported from European and American countries (mainly), and the pigs raised in these countries are mainly corn and soybean meal (feed), which is directly competing with people for food.
Although their ancestors are American Duroc pigs who "crossed the ocean", after generations of technical personnel, "Chinese pigs" in addition to inheriting the original advantages of their ancestors, their characteristics are more suitable for China's local breeding environment, in line with China's local market consumption preferences, and also reduce biosecurity risks to a certain extent. According to the staff, the process of improving pigs is similar to cultivating hybrid rice. At present, each pig in the breeding farm has an ID card, real-time data collection through various intelligent devices, analysis of the growth status of breeding pigs, from sow conception to postpartum care, each stage of the growth and development of young cubs to achieve data-based and standardized management, as far as possible to reduce manual interference, in order to achieve the goal of "the best of the best".
【During the same period】Zhang Hejun, breeding director of a certain pig company in Shanghai
We can see that on the fat pig side, we will have a device called automatic measurement station, when we pig in, we will give it an electronic ear tag, the electronic ear tag marks which pig the pig is, see how much it eats and how long, so each feeding intake has a record, so that we know how much it eats every day and how much it grows. Scoring this pig through these indicators is similar to a physical examination, which is its performance index. Then we keep the top few places, so that the best pigs are selected and let them produce offspring.
【Commentary】The staff introduced that in addition to the standardized management of the local breeding farm, the breeding farm has also established a standardized breeding system outside Shanghai through the Internet of Things, AR and other technologies. Through cooperation with a number of scientific research institutions and universities, the world's largest pig frozen semen industrialization base has been built, and many related technical indicators exceed the international average. It is understood that at present, the annual sales of "Chinese pigs" bred by the breeding farm have exceeded 10,<>, in addition to meeting local demand, it has also repeatedly appeared on the US National Breeding Pig Registration Center (NSR) pig performance ranking, successfully achieving from "single introduction" to "going out".
Reporting by Zhou Sunyu and Xie Mengyuan from Shanghai
Responsible Editor: [Fang Jialiang]