On March 5, Premier Li Keqiang delivered a government work report to the first session of the 14th National People's Congress on behalf of the State Council.
The government work report proposes to effectively protect and improve people's livelihood and accelerate the development of social undertakings.
Implement the people-centered development philosophy, continue to increase investment in people's livelihood, focus on ensuring the basics, bottom line, promote fairness, improve the level of public services, and continuously improve people's livelihood and well-being during development.
The reporter combed and found that ecological environmental protection, education balance, vocational education, elderly care services, childbirth policy and other hot issues concerning people's livelihood are all reflected in this year's government work report (hereinafter referred to as the "report").
What do the representatives think?
How does Guangdong achieve these development goals?
A reporter from the Yangcheng Evening News interviewed deputies to the National People's Congress, members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and experts in the industry who were attending the meeting in Beijing, and brought fresh and hot interpretations——
●Strengthen the construction of the housing security system, support rigid and improved housing needs, and solve the housing problems of new citizens and young people.
●Promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas, vigorously develop vocational education, and promote innovation in higher education.
●Promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and the balanced distribution of regions.
●Strengthen the security of old-age care services and improve the policy system for childbearing support.
Keywords: green development
●Report excerpt
Promote the green transformation of the development model.
●Numbers say that the whole country looks back at Guangdong
The report pointed out that in the past five years, my country has strengthened pollution control and ecological construction, focusing on multi-pollutant coordinated governance and regional joint prevention and control. The proportion of days with good air quality in cities at the prefecture level and above reached 86.5%, an increase of 4 percentage points.
Cantonese people also have a personal experience of this, and "Cantonese blue" has long been a part of daily life.
In recent years, Guangdong has always insisted that "clear water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains", and has fought the battle of pollution prevention and control with extraordinary efforts, and the quality of the ecological environment has been greatly improved.
In the past five years, Guangdong's urban sewage pipe network has increased by 45,300 kilometers, nearly doubled, and has achieved full coverage of domestic sewage treatment facilities in towns and villages. It has basically eliminated black and odorous water bodies in built-up areas in cities at the prefecture level and above and sections inferior to Class V in the national examination. The excellent water quality rate of the national water examination section and the coastal waters has reached the best level in recent years, and the Maozhou River and Lianjiang River have changed from pollution models to pollution control models.
The main air pollutants have met the standards for eight consecutive years, and the average concentration of PM2.5 has dropped significantly to 20 micrograms per cubic meter.
Effectively manage and control soil environmental risks, and the utilization and disposal capacity of hazardous waste reaches 11.3 million tons per year.
The area of new afforestation and greening is 15.1 million mu, and the area of green land is 515,300 hectares. The construction of Nanling ecological barrier continues to advance, and the Pearl River Delta has basically built a national forest city group.
Guangdong also proposes to further promote the ecological construction of a green and beautiful Guangdong, jointly promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, and accelerate the green transformation of the development model, so that Guangdong's sky is bluer, mountains are greener, water is clearer, and the ecology is more beautiful. The Guangdong model of beautiful China promotes the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
●Represent hot discussion
Urban and Rural Environmental Infrastructure Construction Should Be Adapted to Local Conditions
As a member of a circular economy enterprise, Su Ronghuan, deputy to the National People's Congress, assistant to the general manager and environmental protection engineer of Foshan Zhihui Lantian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., is particularly impressed by the formulation of "to promote the green transformation of the development model".
He said that in the past few years, my country has made great achievements in environmental governance and ecological civilization construction, but there will still be some heavy pollution weather, and the key factor is related to ozone.
Ozone concentration sometimes rises instead of falling, highlighting important contradictions in environmental governance.
Ozone is produced by photochemical reactions, of which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors, he said.
Therefore, it is hoped that VOC can be recycled and reused to turn waste into treasure.
At the same time, the state should implement support for such a green and low-carbon cycle model to form a demonstration effect.
"I hope that Guangdong can take the lead in this area. Realize scientific and precise pollution control, and do a good job in ozone control."
In addition, regarding "strengthening urban and rural environmental infrastructure", Su Ronghuan said that urban and rural environmental infrastructure should be tailored to local conditions, and policies should be implemented according to local conditions, rather than "one size fits all".
For densely populated areas, a centralized collection and processing system can be established, while for areas with scattered populations, local topographical advantages and ecological capacity advantages should be used to make full use of local wetlands, biological ponds and other resources Solve the problem of sewage discharge and so on.
Yangcheng Evening News reporter Li Gang
Key words: educational balance
●Report excerpt
Promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas.
●Numbers say that the whole country looks back at Guangdong
The report shows that in the past five years, the proportion of my country's fiscal education funds to GDP has remained above 4% every year, and the per capita funding of students has increased significantly.
Continue to strengthen the construction of weak links in rural compulsory education, basically eliminate large class sizes in cities and towns, and promote the solution of the problem of children of migrant workers entering cities. The consolidation rate of compulsory education has increased from 93.8% to 95.5%.
Looking back at Guangdong, in the past five years, Guangdong Province has added 2.52 million new public degrees for basic education, and the adjustment of the structure of standardized private compulsory education has been successfully completed. 160 disciplines of higher education were selected into the top 1% of the ESI rankings, 3 new universities entered the ranks of the "Double First-Class" construction, and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) officially opened.
Next, Guangdong will speed up the construction of a high-quality education system.
Implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and promote the all-round development of students.
At the same time, optimize the allocation of regional educational resources, promote the inclusive development of preschool education and special education, the quality and balance of compulsory education, and the overall improvement of county-level high schools to promote educational equity.
Run kindergartens, primary schools, and middle schools with high quality to better meet the expectations of the people for "good education".
●Represent hot discussion
Let high-quality educational resources sink to counties and villages
Quan Hanyan, deputy to the National People's Congress, secretary of the party committee and principal of Guangdong Experimental Middle School, said that the government work report specifically mentions the promotion of high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas, which speaks to the hearts of ordinary people.
Quan Hanyan believes that with the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, educators should insist on teaching without distinction, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and continue to improve the level of homework design. Focus on "adjusting structure and improving quality".
This year's National Two Sessions, Quan Hanyan also put forward the proposal of "further promoting the balanced development of urban and rural education".
During the research process, he found that some disadvantaged areas had a small number of students in schools and urgently needed to strengthen the teaching staff. Compared with schools in cities, there was a huge gap, which deeply touched his heart.
"The No. 1 Central Document issued recently proposes to promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education in counties and improve the level of running schools in rural areas." Quan Hanyan said that in order to sink high-quality educational resources to county villages, more solutions need to be studied.
"In my opinion, the key lies in how to let excellent teachers really sink, and loose support should be avoided." At present, his Guangdong Experimental Middle School is actively trying to send a group of high-quality teachers to designated schools in weak areas to carry out support activities to play the leading role of high-quality schools.
Yangcheng Evening News reporter He Ning
Keywords: Vocational Education
●Report excerpt
Vigorously develop vocational education and promote innovation in higher education.
●Numbers say that the whole country looks back at Guangdong
The report pointed out that in the past five years, the adaptability of vocational education has increased, and the conditions for running vocational schools have continued to improve.
In May last year, the "Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China" (referred to as the "Vocational Education Law") was revised and officially implemented.
This is the first overhaul in the 26 years since the law was enacted.
From the introduction of the "National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan" in 2019 to the release of the "Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Modern Vocational Education" in 2021, a series of top-level designs have set up an unprecedentedly broad stage for the high-quality development of vocational education.
Guangdong is a major manufacturing province, a major economic province, and a major province of vocational education.
In Guangdong, the number of students enrolled in vocational education ranks among the top in the country, and higher vocational education accounts for "half of the country" of higher education, accounting for 50.1% of students in school; it has achieved full coverage of higher vocational colleges in 21 prefectures and cities; it has delivered about 7.69 million students to the society in ten years Skilled talents, the employment rate of graduates has remained above 95% for many years... These are the "fruits" of Guangdong's fertile land for vocational education development, and they are also vivid footnotes of Guangdong's promotion of high-quality vocational education.
The 2023 Guangdong Provincial Government Work Report puts forward specific requirements for vocational education: promote vocational education to improve the quality and excellence, implement the project to meet the requirements for running vocational schools, deepen the integration of vocational and general education, and the integration of production and education, and build a good provincial vocational education city.
Promote the improvement of higher education quality and characteristics, promote the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines, and strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, and interdisciplinary disciplines.
Today, vocational education in Guangdong is ushering in good news.
With the release of the "Announcement on the 2023 Education Development Special Project (Vocational Education "Expanding Capacity, Improving Quality, and Strengthening Services") Fund Arrangement Plan", Guangdong plans to allocate 600 million yuan to support the development of vocational education this year.
Among them, 400 million yuan will support higher vocational education to "raise the level" and 200 million yuan will support secondary vocational education to "strengthen development."
●Represent hot discussion
High-quality development of vocational education
Luo Dan, deputy to the National People's Congress and vice president of Shunde Vocational and Technical College, said that the government work report proposed to vigorously develop vocational education and promote innovation in higher education, and he was very excited after hearing it.
Luo Dan has been working in the field of education for many years. She said that vocational education has been a hot topic in the two sessions at all levels in recent years.
This year's government work report mentions "vigorously develop vocational education", which also means that vocational education, which is closely related to economic development, plays a pivotal role in high-quality development.
Luo Dan said that before that, he had gone deep into the front-line research of enterprises and found that manufacturing enterprises generally have an urgent need for high-skilled talents: "After enterprises have automated production lines, the demand for front-line industrial workers is decreasing, but for those who understand the principles of production line operation and maintenance The demand for high-skilled talents has increased significantly." She believes that with the transformation and upgrading of the industry, the demand for skilled talents is increasing, and the importance of vocational education and training has become increasingly prominent.
In her view, vocational education needs to aim at the direction of technological change and closely meet the needs of the industry.
"High-quality development requires improving the adaptability of vocational education. In other words, vocational education must also be developed with high quality. This is not only an urgent requirement for economic and social development, but also an inevitable requirement for the individual development of students." In this regard, she suggested that the national qualification framework should be accelerated. building.
Based on the national qualification grades and standards, guide and promote the reform of general education, vocational education and training, realize "everyone is talented and make the best use of their talents", and truly build a "talented country".
Yangcheng Evening News reporter Zhou Cong
Keywords: pension, childbirth
●Report excerpt
Strengthen the protection of elderly care services and improve the policy system for childbearing support.
●Numbers say that the whole country looks back at Guangdong
Guangdong is a province with a large population.
According to the results of the seventh national census, Guangdong Province has 15.5651 million permanent residents aged 60 and above, accounting for 12.35%. It is estimated that by 2035, the proportion of the province's elderly population will exceed 20%, entering a moderately aging society .
In recent years, Guangdong has implemented the national strategy of actively responding to population aging, focusing on the "urgent, difficult and anxious" matters of the elderly in the province, and striving to build an elderly care service system that coordinates with home community institutions and combines medical care and health care to effectively meet the needs of the elderly. , Multi-level elderly care service needs.
Focus on the development of street (township), urban and rural community elderly care service facilities, and build a "15-minute" urban community elderly care service circle; carry out aging-friendly renovations for the families of the elderly with special difficulties, provide 24-hour guardianship for family elderly care beds, and provide home-based elderly care services to the elderly At the side, at the bedside; the disabled and extremely poor elderly in rural areas receive centralized care, and their life is more secure in their later years... These are the remarkable results that Guangdong has achieved in accelerating the construction of an elderly care service system that combines home and community institutions and combines medical care and health care.
"One old and one young", in terms of encouraging childbearing, Guangdong plans to comprehensively strengthen eugenics and childcare and women's and children's health services, build an inclusive and diversified childcare service system, improve maternity leave and treatment guarantee mechanisms, and increase housing and taxation. Starting from five aspects, including policy support and building a birth-friendly employment environment, we will accelerate the establishment of a birth-friendly province and promote balanced population development.
At the same time, Guangdong is also steadily improving maternity insurance benefits, reimbursement of 100% of the insured's maternity medical expenses that meet the regulations, and "by 2025, the number of infants and young children under the age of 3 per 1,000 population in the province will reach 5.5." "14th Five-Year Plan".
Yangcheng Evening News reporter Feng Xixi
●Hot discussions among members
It is very important to speed up the improvement of pension service guarantee
Lu Xiaoming, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and dean of the Law School of Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, said that the inclusion of "strengthening the protection of elderly care services and improving the policy system of childbearing support" in this year's government work report can be said to have captured the needs of the aging population and social security work. The key point is very exciting for him who has been paying attention to pension issues for a long time.
Lu Xiaoming said that the degree of aging in my country is getting worse. While putting forward higher requirements for social security work, it also poses new challenges to population policy.
As the elderly grow older, their physical functions continue to weaken. Only by strengthening the guarantee of elderly care services can the elderly enjoy better elderly care services.
Lu Xiaoming also pointed out that the concept of marriage and childbearing in modern society is constantly changing, and the number of late-married and infertile people is increasing. Only by improving childbearing support policies can we achieve balanced population development.
Zhai Meiqing, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of Heung Kong Group, said that it is very important to speed up the improvement of pension service guarantees.
At present, the main elderly care institutions and elderly care communities in the society mostly adopt centralized elderly care methods. Although they generally have good aging-friendly hardware and services, to a certain extent, the elderly leave the family and tend to lack a sense of security.
Zhai Meiqing believes that the home care model can well take care of the psychological needs and social attributes of the elderly, and is highly recognized, but the hardware and services suitable for the elderly often do not match.
Therefore, in the communities that have been built and are under construction, the elderly’s health care, elderly care facilities and houses should be allocated according to a certain proportion. "idea.
Therefore, my country should carry out forward-looking planning for the full-age pension model, and introduce relevant supporting policies, so as to improve my country's pension service security system.
Yangcheng Evening News reporter Feng Xixi Tan Zheng
Keywords: culture
●Report excerpt
Prosper and develop cultural undertakings and cultural industries.
●Numbers say that the whole country looks back at Guangdong
In the past five years, our country has carried forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture and strengthened the protection and inheritance of cultural relics and cultural heritage.
Implement cultural projects to benefit the people, and open public libraries, museums, art galleries, and cultural centers (stations) to the public free of charge.
Deeply promote reading for all, support the development of the cultural industry, and strengthen national science popularization capacity building.
Looking back at Guangdong, the construction of a strong cultural province has also achieved fruitful results, and the cultural industry has reached a new level. The cultural workers have gone all out to produce high-quality goods, and implemented the "double creation" project of Lingnan culture in depth to build a higher level of cultural power. And the high-quality development of culture has created a new situation.
Guangdong's cultural industry continues to prosper and develop.
The "Culture +" new business format has become a new growth point, and multiple indicators such as digital publishing output value, animation output value, and movie box office revenue rank first in the country.
The data shows that in 2021, the added value of cultural and related industries in Guangdong Province will be 691 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3% over the previous year, ranking first in the country for 19 consecutive years, accounting for 5.54% of the province's GDP, and reaching more than 5% for 8 consecutive years.
In addition, the construction of Guangdong's public cultural service system has been continuously improved, and high-quality cultural supply has enriched the spiritual and cultural life of the masses.
Guangdong is also a big province for studying.
Taking Guangzhou as an example, in 2012, Guangzhou proposed the goal of building a "city of libraries". Up to now, there are more than 1,400 public libraries, service points and self-service libraries in the city that can provide reading services.
"Southland Book Fragrant Festival", "Scholarly Fragrant Yangcheng Month", "Scholarly Fragrant Lingnan" and "Shenzhen Reading Month" and other brand activities for reading in Guangdong are well-known throughout the country.
●Expert Interpretation
"City of Libraries" will further serve the reading of the whole people
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "reading for all" has been included in government work reports many times.
According to Fang Jiazhong, director of the Guangzhou Library, the in-depth promotion of reading for all has greatly enriched the spiritual and cultural life of the people. "People of all ages can meet their spiritual and cultural needs through reading."
According to Fang Jiazhong, in Guangzhou, more than a quarter of the citizens have become readers of the library.
The latest data also shows that all 176 towns and streets in Guangzhou have public libraries (branches), and the library coverage rate has reached 100%.
Fang Jiazhong said that in recent years, Guangdong has adopted a variety of measures to actively promote reading for all, and improving the construction of the library system is one of the key tasks.
"Nowadays, the government has invested more resources in building the library system and improving the service quality of the library. This has a very obvious effect on promoting reading for all." In Fang Jiazhong's view, as resources such as public reading spaces continue to increase, more and more Many people are willing to walk into the library and become readers.
In addition, the public library has also carried out innovative reading promotion work, catering to the individual needs of different readers, and actively guiding readers to read in a targeted manner.
For example, carry out themed forums, scholar lectures, reading activities, good book recommendations, etc., to help the masses absorb spiritual food and accumulate cultural heritage through reading.
Fang Jiazhong believes that the "City of Libraries" will further serve the national reading cause and promote the prosperity and development of public cultural undertakings in Guangdong and the whole country.
Yangcheng Evening News reporter Zhou Xinyi
Text coordinator for this edition: Yangcheng Evening News reporter Feng Xixi