As of the end of November 2021, my country's existing administrative villages have fully realized "broadband access to every village", opening up the "information artery" for the vast rural areas to access the digital economy era.
The latest data is that as of the end of July this year, 1.968 million 5G base stations have been built and opened nationwide, and all prefecture-level cities, county urban areas and 96% of townships and towns have achieved 5G network coverage.
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Zhang Ruian, a doctoral student at the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University, recently wrote a summary of the observation of a village by the teaching team more than two months ago. This remote village he has been to three times has a courier point this year.
In the summer vacation of 2019, when Zhang Ruian came to Hezhai Village Primary School, Pingnan Township, Yizhou District, Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region for the first time, his mobile phone received almost no signal. For a verification code, he had to run 1.6 kilometers. Wait on the road outside.
When he came back last year, Zhang Ruian's mobile phone was not only full of signals, but he could also use the applet to place orders for groceries.
According to data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of November 2021, my country's existing administrative villages have fully realized "broadband access to every village", opening up the "information artery" for the vast rural areas to access the digital economy era.
The latest data is that as of the end of July this year, 1.968 million 5G base stations have been built and opened nationwide, and all prefecture-level cities, county urban areas and 96% of townships and towns have achieved 5G network coverage.
With the improvement of communication facilities in recent years, the network has supported the starting point of the development of digital economy in China's counties.
In the "Digital Rural Development Action Plan (2022-2025)", focusing on the development of the rural digital economy is among the seven major projects, including the rural infrastructure digital transformation and upgrading project, the smart agriculture construction project, and the rural e-commerce optimization and upgrading project. become an important driver.
It can be said that the road to the cultivation of county digital economy is still very long.
At the same time, a large number of college teachers and students went into the countryside to make suggestions in the fields.
In the investigation and observation of these volunteer students and teachers, the path for China's rural areas to actively seek changes and the development of the county's digital economy is becoming clearer.
Express into the village
"With good infrastructure, some problems can be solved. In terms of digital capacity building in rural areas, we mainly rely on borrowing and building some agricultural big data collection and application platforms to drive industrial development." Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University Big Data Zhang Pingwen, director of the National Engineering Laboratory for Analysis and Application Technology, once led the team to propose a digital ecological index, which takes digital foundation, digital capability and digital application as three first-level indicators.
In his view, digital foundation is the foundation of digital ecology, including infrastructure, data resources and policy environment.
And express delivery into the village and e-commerce into the village are the manifestation of the digital foundation. "After express delivery into the village, it will at least help some rural areas solve the problem of counterfeit and shoddy goods."
Data released by the State Post Bureau shows that in 2021, the proportion of "express delivery into villages" nationwide will increase by nearly 30 percentage points, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other places will basically realize "every village express delivery".
The "2021 National County-level Agricultural and Rural Informatization Development Level Evaluation Report" shows that in 2020, the overall level of national county-level agricultural and rural informatization development will reach 37.9%, and the coverage rate of e-commerce service stations in administrative villages will reach 78.9%.
But at the same time, the national agricultural production informatization level in 2020 will be 22.5%, the national agricultural product quality and safety traceability informatization level will be 22.1%, and the county-level online retail sales of agricultural products will account for 13.8% of the total agricultural product sales.
Compared with the industrial and service industries, my country's agricultural digital penetration rate is relatively low.
The "2021 White Paper on China's Digital Economy Development" released by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology shows that in 2020, the penetration rates of the digital economy in agriculture, industry, and service industries will be 8.9%, 21.0%, and 40.7%, respectively.
Jiao Ruijin, director of the China Taxation Society and executive vice president of the Finance and Taxation Big Data Professional Committee of the Beijing Big Data Association, who has comprehensively analyzed the location development of the top 100 cities in the digital economy from the perspective of taxation, recently wrote the analysis results into the "China Digital Economy Tax Development Report" (2022)” Blue Book.
He told a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily that the county economy should make full use of the developed economic foundation and transportation and logistics service facilities of big cities or metropolitan areas to develop a distinctive county economy.
The solution to the development of agricultural digitalization includes two aspects: one is to solve the problem of agricultural product sales through e-commerce; the other is to intelligently control the production method through digital means.
"The second aspect is more important than the first, and is more invested in and more difficult to achieve."
Zhang Ruian and members of the support group learned about the "difficulty" of developing digitalization when they interviewed Lan Feng, the local party secretary.
"The village also wants to develop e-commerce and increase revenue by bringing goods through live broadcasts, but the problem is that the direction of 'goods' is still uncertain, and I still don't know what goods to bring." Lan Feng told members of the support group that in 2009, the village had Relevant trademarks have been registered, but there has been a lack of unique local products.
In fact, in Zhang Ruian's three paragraphs of volunteer teaching memory, it is not that there are no tourists visiting Hezhai Village. This village has its own attraction. The village committee was established in 1980, because it has preserved the relatively complete original records. It is called "the first village of Chinese villagers' autonomy".
The village rules and regulations, which have a history of many years, are still in play.
"The income and expenditure of the village during the Three Songs Festival in the third month of the lunar calendar is published on the village wall." Zhang Ruian said.
But the lack of other special attractions didn't keep tourists from stopping.
In Lan Feng's words, tourists often leave after seeing the big camphor tree and "the Memorial Hall of the First Village of Chinese Villagers' Autonomy".
Industry retains people
Behind the failure of related industries to develop is the loss of talents.
During this year's volunteer teaching, Zhang Ruian also met a student who "taught" four years ago.
"Now that she has entered high school and went to school in Pingnan Township, she may go to work farther away like her parents did in the future." In Zhang Ruian's impression, young people are rarely seen in the village. In August, when the second crop of rice was planted, "the people who planted the rice were basically the old people in the village."
Lan Feng and members of the support group have analyzed the "possibility" of developing modern agriculture in the village. The land in Hezhai Village is uneven, and it is difficult to scale it up. In addition, the per capita land area is small, how to arrange the remaining labor force after the development of modern agriculture. Also a big problem.
"If the agricultural transformation can be supported by the masses, it will definitely be carried out faster, but there is no stable guarantee at present, and the risk is relatively high."
This is also in line with Zhang Pingwen's observation. To mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, they must see real benefits and guarantees. "It is not enough to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers. It is necessary to attract talents and attract talented people to return to the village."
Last year, Peking University, where Zhang Pingwen worked, sent 10 experts and scholars to Midu County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, where they were designated to help them as "Honorary Village Heads".
Ma Huaxiang, Secretary of the Party Committee of Peking University Guanghua School of Management, is one of them.
In fact, hundreds of teachers and students from Peking University Guanghua School of Management have participated in and witnessed the process of improving local infrastructure and industrial upgrading since the pairing with Deju Township, Midu County in 2016.
The local Deju Huayudong Water Lifting Project benefited from the coordination and financing of the Helping Institute, which solved the problem of water for domestic production and production for nearly 10,000 villagers and 20,000 mu of arable land in Deju Township.
Water conservancy projects such as Pengjiazhuang Reservoir have solved the problem of shortage of drinking water resources in the county.
In July this year, the Yunnan Midu Rural Revitalization Practice Group, directed by Ma Huaxiang and composed of more than ten graduate students, also brought back a first-hand research report on the development of local modern agriculture and cultural tourism industries.
After visiting the three largest agricultural enterprises in Midu County, the members of the practice group found that the local environmental advantages such as light and climatic conditions played a great role in the site selection of the enterprises, and the support of government departments in land transfer and other aspects also played a role. Makes the enterprise less to worry about.
Zhang Pingwen was deeply impressed by the cherry tomatoes planted by a company in Yongfeng Village, Yinjie Town, Midu County. After the introduction of the intelligent planting system, the tomato plants of this variety can be supplied with precise nutrients, so as to achieve controllable quality and reduce the yield. , The price is very impressive.
"High-value-density agricultural products are more suitable for digital management, because they can produce benefits in production and sales." The company created new varieties such as lemon yellow honey eggplant, grape tomato, and bunched tomato, which have produced a good economy. Benefit, the value of output per mu is more than 400,000 yuan.
Jiao Ruijin also analyzed that the digitization of agricultural production is not only about improving efficiency, but also in terms of safety, quality, variety research and development and other aspects. It is necessary to reorganize modern production organization methods. benefit".
The "County-level Digital Village Index Research Report" released this year shows that the overall level of digitalization of the county-level rural economy in my country is relatively low, and there are obvious differences between the east and the west.
The development of rural digital economy is mainly reflected in the digital production index, digital supply chain index, and digital marketing index.
Compared with 2019, the digital production index in 2020 will increase by 120%, the digital supply chain index will increase by 5.7%, and the digital marketing index will increase by 12.3%.
Whether it is Hezhai Village, which lacks talents and industries, or Midu County, which has been exploring the road of digital production, the specific practice in the county economy has attracted the attention of teachers and students in colleges and universities.
On the way of fixed-point assistance, the list of "honorary village chiefs" is still expanding, and the assistance teachers will also come up with ideas, find ways, and do practical things.
Today, Zhang Ruian still wants to insist on participating in the practice project of the teaching group held by the college every summer vacation. He wants to continue to observe the development of Hezhai Village and discover more local new changes. He also hopes to promote the "school-village cooperation" industrial project. own power.
But what made him happiest was that the children in the village sent him more and more messages one after another, all calling him to come back to the village for class soon.
Zhu Caiyun, a trainee reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily (Source: China Youth Daily)