This is the reconstruction project of Beijing East Sixth Ring Road. The Jinghua, which is being excavated 50 meters below the ground, is one of the largest shield machines currently under construction in my country.
Just in April this year, it successfully passed through the two super-risk sources of the Beijing sub-center transportation hub and the Beijing-Kazakhstan Railway, and is now steadily advancing at a speed of about 20 meters per day.
Sun Changsong, deputy manager of the shield tunnel project of Beijing East Sixth Ring Road, China Railway 14th Bureau:
Our shield tunnel excavation diameter is 16 meters 07, and our surface settlement is basically always kept within 3 mm.
Internationally, the standard of shield machine construction is generally that the settlement does not exceed 30 mm and the uplift does not exceed 10 mm. The control accuracy of this Chinese shield machine is much higher than the international standard.
Today, more than 90% of the shield machines used in China's tunnel projects are made in China, and the market share of Chinese shield machines in the world is close to 70%.
It is hard to imagine that just 20 years ago, China did not have a shield machine of its own that could be used for such a project.
Shield machine, its official name is full-face tunnel boring machine.
A shield machine contains tens of thousands of parts, and the industrial chain involves many industrial fields such as machinery manufacturing, electronic components, hydraulic pipelines, etc. Because of the complex system and high integration, some people call it the crown of machinery manufacturing. Pearl.
Wu Xuanpeng, chairman of the Beijing Shield Engineering Association:
In simple words, our shield machine is a tunnel factory. In the past, due to the many gaps in technology in our country, it could not be produced.
Since the 1990s, with the rapid development of China's economy, infrastructure construction has also accelerated.
In 1997, for the construction of the Qinling Tunnel of the Xikang Railway, China imported two German shield machines for the first time.
Shield machine construction not only greatly improves the efficiency, but also greatly improves the safety of the construction process.
However, while enjoying safety and efficiency, the Chinese also have to accept high equipment costs and unsmooth after-sales service.
Li Jianbin, vice president of China Construction Machinery Industry Association, China Railway Shield Expert:
Two units are nearly 700 million. The service fee for foreigners is very high, and the service time is very short. It is only eight hours a day. Shift system, he is a one-shift system, we have to wait for the machine to break down, this is very exciting to us, you do not master the technology, so you are controlled by others everywhere.
Before 2006, China imported more than 130 shield machines from abroad, costing tens of billions of dollars, but it was controlled by others everywhere.
At that time, many domestic construction machinery and equipment were faced with such a dilemma.
Yang Huayong, Dean of the High-end Equipment Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering:
A large number of large-tonnage cranes and excavators are imported.
The key technologies cannot be bought or waited. In the face of the increasingly urgent construction needs, in 2002, a batch of construction machinery and equipment research and development, including shield machines, was included in the national high-tech research and development "863" plan. Start to crack the code behind the development of the shield machine.
In 2004, my country's domestic subway shield machine "Pioneer" that can operate in soft soil was successfully rolled off the assembly line in Shanghai; in April 2008, my country's first "China Railway No. 1" that can operate in complex geology was successfully launched in Henan Off the assembly line, in 2009, it successfully completed the construction of the relevant section of Tianjin Metro Line 3.
Li Jianbin, China Railway Shield Expert, Vice President of China Construction Machinery Industry Association:
After our first machine came out, the price of foreign equipment dropped sharply. It is as expensive as it used to be, and there is no market.
Different from ordinary mechanical equipment, the shield machine is a customized product, and each equipment needs to be designed separately in combination with the actual engineering.
Different geology and different construction teams will have different needs.
Huang Changfu, Secretary of the Party Committee of China Railway 15th Bureau Group Co., Ltd.:
For example, the sand and pebble formations are very wear-resistant to the tool, so we have to put forward our requirements and suggestions for the configuration of the tool.
The design and development of the cutter head has always been an important topic for the localization of shield machines.
Zhang Zhiguo, general manager of China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co., Ltd.:
This is the hob of the tunnel boring machine. The most important thing is the hob ring, which is inlaid on the outside of it. It is a key component of rock breaking. The original quality The cutter ring of a good hob is mostly imported.
A high-quality hob ring must have both a certain hardness and sufficient toughness. To achieve high standards, the most important thing is to develop qualified materials and mature processing technology, which not only requires advanced technology research and development, It is more difficult for companies to undertake basic scientific research.
The research and support of the national major scientific research projects on the localization of shield machines has not stopped. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the research and development of shield machine related technologies has been selected into the national key basic research and development (973 plan).
Yang Huayong, Dean of Zhejiang University High-end Equipment Research Institute, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering:
863 is a high-tech plan, 973 is a key basic research plan, we have gone through 0 to 1, but there are still many basic technologies, and the unique key technologies have not been thoroughly understood, so I came here. Do some basic research.
Under the promotion of national scientific research projects, colleges and universities focus on the research of basic technology, and enterprises apply the latest research results to actual projects and actively feedback the effect, and continue to coordinate research and development and innovation.
Zhang Zhiguo, general manager of China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co., Ltd.:
When we were studying this knife circle, we cooperated with universities such as Tsinghua University and professional colleges. After our experiments, we achieved localization in 2018. At present, the entire Chinese market The domestic knives accounted for 90%.
A shield machine has hundreds of core technologies like this, including hydraulic systems and control systems, which have all been tackled in national scientific research projects.
At the same time, China's huge engineering market provides the best testing ground for the R&D and iteration of key technologies of shield machines.
In 2012, the construction of Chengdu Metro Line 2 and Line 4 started, and the domestic subway shield machine successfully mastered the technology of shield construction in the water-rich sand and pebble stratum in western my country; in 2014, Guangzhou Metro Line 7 was under construction. The machine successfully traversed the complex fault geology in South my country and conquered world-class problems; in 2017, in the Songhua River water diversion project, the hard rock tunnel boring machine with the largest diameter in my country at that time successfully completed the underwater operation for the first time.
In this exhibition room of the shield machine manufacturer, there is a secret code for the continuous advancement of China's shield machine technology.
Zhang Zhiguo, general manager of China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co., Ltd.:
This jar stores geological samples collected from our various tunnel boring machine construction projects. China's geological conditions should be said to be the entire geological museum. So we have a lot of accumulation in the design of geological adaptability in different geology.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a large number of railway and highway infrastructure constructions have been accelerated, water diversion projects in many places, and urban underground pipe gallery construction have begun. The demand for shield machines has surged, reaching hundreds of units every year.
Yang Huayong, Dean of the High-end Equipment Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering:
In 2002 and 2003, when he said that 30 units were needed a year, we felt that 30 units were the most daring argument. Then the railway, the West-East Gas Pipeline, and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, all of them.
New demand stimulates new supply and leads new creation, which is another important password for the success of China's shield machine, an advanced equipment.
China's shield machine anchors what others do not have, and what others have, we are superior, and continue to innovate and develop.
Wu Xuanpeng, chairman of the Beijing Shield Engineering Association:
For example, Guangzhou invented a dual-mode shield, and when the Baicheng Tunnel of the Menghua Railway was built, a horseshoe-shaped shield was designed. This shape is also the first in the world.
After 20 years of independent innovation, China's shield machine began to go abroad.
In 2012, the Kuala Lumpur subway project in Malaysia started bidding. The Chinese infrastructure company recommended the Chinese shield machine to the owner. The professional team from Malaysia flew to China for inspection. After confirming the capabilities of the Chinese company, they agreed to import a Chinese shield. institutions.
Zhang Zhiguo, General Manager of China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co., Ltd.:
(Project) The equipment passed through, a large ball-like rock, which was not found in the geological survey stage at that time, but it was because of the performance of the shield machine design. It is relatively good, the whole project excavation is very successful.
One pass ten, ten pass one hundred, in the tunneling industry, China's advanced equipment goes abroad with the Chinese construction force, and constantly conquers foreign construction teams.
Liu Feixiang, Chairman of China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd.:
We have strong targeted design, reliable performance, favorable price and fast service.
With comprehensive advantages in price, performance, quality service, etc., it can be more cost-effective and more competitive than foreign shield machines and foreign equipment.
Since 2013, with the advancement of the joint construction of the Belt and Road, China's shield machine has ushered in a new development opportunity, and now it has been exported to more than 30 countries and regions.
Paul Mauri, general manager of the Asia-Pacific region of Italian CMC company:
This is indeed a good machine, and the service of Chinese enterprises is also very good.
In December 2019, in the Moscow subway project in Russia, a Chinese shield machine penetrated the tunnel.
Sergei Vinagradov, deputy general manager of the No. 9 Metro Station of the Moscow Institute of Engineering:
The tunnel shield machine made in China has shown its own advantages. The tunnel excavation speed is normal and even exceeds expectations.
Alfonso Toto, general manager of Italian Toto Construction Company:
We have everything ready, just waiting for the Chinese shield machine to start construction.
Manufacturing is the foundation of a country and the foundation of a strong country.
Equipment manufacturing is the most important tool of the country, the backbone of the manufacturing industry, and the focus of international competition.
Like the shield machine, many advanced equipments in China are through hard work and independent innovation, and have found a development path from following to parallel, to achieving international leadership in some fields.
Fujian Fuqing Hualong No. 1 nuclear power unit
Every day, the duty personnel of CNNC's Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant carefully check the operation of the equipment.
There are 6 million-kilowatt nuclear power units here, with an annual power generation capacity of about 50 billion kWh.
On March 25 this year, CNNC Fuqing Nuclear Power Unit 6 was officially ready for commercial operation, marking the full completion of my country's independent third-generation nuclear power Hualong No. 1 demonstration project.
After the United States, France and Russia, China has truly mastered its own third-generation nuclear power technology.
Xing Ji, chief designer of CNNC Hualong No. 1:
We have a lot of independent intellectual property rights in the entire R&D technology system of Hualong No. 1. So far, there are about 716 patents, most of which are invention patents. Our reactor design Using 177 sets of fuel assemblies, 157 sets of pressurized water reactors with a large number of mega kilowatts of pressurized water reactors are used in the world. After we added 20 sets of fuel assemblies, the power density of the fuel line of our nuclear power plant has been reduced and it is safer.
Ye Qizhen, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Director of the Expert Committee of the China Nuclear Energy Industry Association:
From the overall technical level, we can say that we have moved from following to running. It can also be said that we are stronger than others in some aspects.
In front of the model of Hualong No. 1 unit, when chief designer Xing Ji introduced the characteristics of the unit to reporters, the topic could not be separated from the word "innovation".
Xing Ji, chief designer of China National Nuclear Corporation Hualong No. 1: He
has innovated many measures to improve the safety of nuclear power plants.
For example, we combine traditional active safety measures with innovative passive safety measures, so that we can better deal with common mode faults, such as some faults such as power loss in the whole field, such as the nuclear accident in Fukushima. Such reasons.
Hualong No. 1 not only carries the independent innovation ideal of several generations of Chinese nuclear power workers, but also reflects the development process of Chinese nuclear power insisting on independent innovation.
Its birth, twists and turns.
In 1990, with the reform and opening up, China introduced French technology to build the first million-kilowatt nuclear power plant in Daya Bay, Guangdong.
Xing Ji, who had just worked for more than two years, was sent to the site as an engineer.
At that time, the entire Chinese nuclear industry was just a "primary school student". There was no high-standard design, and the level of equipment manufacturing was very backward. Even basic materials such as cement and steel bars that met French technical requirements had to be imported.
Xing Ji was always full of energy in his heart, and he must design a million-kilowatt nuclear power plant with completely independent technology.
Xing Ji, chief designer of Hualong No. 1 of China National Nuclear Corporation:
We were thinking about why we can only be students of others, and why we cannot grow up and have our own things. In 1998, we started related research and development work.
After that, we continued to move forward step by step along the tortuous road of independent research and development of large advanced pressurized water reactors.
Core technology is the core technology of nuclear power. If it is controlled by others, autonomous nuclear power will not be possible.
Since then, Chinese nuclear power personnel have begun to explore the independent research and development and design of the core.
The core research and development involves 336 systems and 25 disciplines, and the amount of calculation is beyond imagination.
The most difficult thing is to develop a variety of core models to compare.
Tang Chuanbao, Vice President of China Nuclear Power Research and Design Institute:
In the process of discussion, through brainstorming and everyone's discussion, a plan called the 177 core was formed. On this basis, a nuclear power technology plan was also formed. A prototype of Hualong One.
From the introduction, digestion and absorption of international advanced technologies to the independent innovation of core technologies, it is not easy to walk on two legs.
In 2011, the CP1000 R&D team completed the preliminary design and preliminary safety analysis report. At this time, on March 11, 2011, the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred in Japan.
How to ensure that China's newly built nuclear power plants meet the highest international safety standards?
CNNC resolutely gave up the construction of CP1000, and urgently promoted the independent research and development of the third-generation nuclear power technology ACP1000, which was laid out in advance.
ACP1000 is the predecessor of Hualong One.
The reason why the nuclear power man named it Hualong No. 1, which means "China's rejuvenation, the soaring dragon".
On May 7, 2015, the construction of Unit 5 of the Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant, the world's first reactor of China National Nuclear Corporation's Hualong No. 1 nuclear power plant, officially started.
The construction of nuclear power is very complicated, and there is an international curse of "the first pile must be dragged".
Xing Ji, chief designer of China National Nuclear Corporation's Hualong No. 1:
After the research and development was completed, once the project entered the project, the delay was severe, and various problems were exposed.
In nuclear power construction, safety is the lifeline. To break the curse of "the first pile must be dragged", it is necessary to strive for perfection, and no mistakes can be made even in small parts during the construction process.
Once, the debugging personnel found that the aperture setting of the orifice plate did not meet the requirements during the verification process of a small flow control orifice plate, and needed to be adjusted immediately.
Xing Ji, chief designer of Hualong No. 1, China National Nuclear Corporation:
Commissioners, report this situation to the design, and our on-site design representatives immediately start the calculation, because they designed the system, and they fully grasp the design principles of this system and Therefore, the design was quickly adjusted, and the manufacturer was ready to process it according to the new revised design drawings.
With the support of independent technology, the construction of Hualong 1 broke the curse of "the first reactor must be dragged". On January 30, 2021, the world's first Fuqing nuclear power unit 5 of my country's independent third-generation nuclear power Hualong 1 was put into commercial operation.
Xing Ji, chief designer of China National Nuclear Corporation's Hualong No. 1:
It took 68.7 months to complete it. (The construction of the first reactor) has taken more than 100 months in the world. Our nuclear power construction team should be said to be the strongest in the world.
Ye Qizhen, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Director of the Expert Committee of the China Nuclear Energy Industry Association:
All these foundations are built on the basis of independence in every aspect.
From research and development, design, construction, equipment manufacturing, operation including management, autonomy is the most fundamental idea.
Today, the technology of Hualong No. 1 has blossomed in many places at home and abroad, and the units of China National Nuclear Corporation in Hainan and other places are under construction.
Hualong No. 1 units of China General Nuclear Power Group, which are distributed in Guangdong, Zhejiang and other places, are also under construction. They will be completed and put into operation in recent years. The safety and maturity of their technology have won international recognition. In February this year, they also passed the international most Rigorous nuclear power technology review - UK General Design Review (GDA).
Wang Xin, chief designer of Hualong No. 1, China General Nuclear Power Group:
The reason why it is said to be the most stringent is because it requires the application of the best, most reliable and safest technology to nuclear power, which is the core of the strictest review. In essence, we successfully passed, we passed such a review, we have the conditions to enter European users and enter the nuclear power market development around the world.
According to statistics, there are currently 54 nuclear power units operating in mainland China, with an installed capacity of 55,805.74 MW (rated installed capacity).
In the first half of this year, the cumulative power generation of operating nuclear power units was 198.999 billion kWh, accounting for 5.02% of the country's cumulative power generation.
(The national cumulative power generation is 39,631.1 kWh)
Ye Qizhen, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Director of the Expert Committee of the China Nuclear Energy Industry Association:
We now have the third largest nuclear power unit in operation in the world, after the United States and France.
Nuclear power is the second largest in the world in terms of power generation, and after the United States, there is another nuclear power plant (number) currently under construction in the world.
Nuclear power has very broad prospects. It should be said that this industry is still in the sun at seven or eight in the morning, or the rising sun, and the technology is constantly developing.
Equipment manufacturing is the "backbone" of the manufacturing industry.
In addition to nuclear reactors, shield machines, large aircraft, large rockets, space stations and other important national weapons, the advanced level of automobile manufacturing also represents the level of a country's manufacturing industry.
In recent years, the development of new energy vehicles has become the focus of competition among countries around the world, and it is also considered to be the only way for my country to move from a big automobile country to a powerful automobile country.
Statistics show that in 2021, my country's new energy vehicle sales will complete 3.521 million units, a year-on-year increase of 1.6 times, ranking first in the world for seven consecutive years. Among the top 15 sales, independent brands occupy 12 seats.
China has become the largest market for new energy vehicles.
How did China achieve its sudden emergence and global leadership?
What's the password behind this?
Sun Fengchun, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and professor of Beijing Institute of Technology:
China has achieved complete autonomy in the field of new energy vehicles, and we have reached the international advanced level in technology and international leading in terms of industrial scale, which is globally recognized.
Sun Fengchun is a witness to the development of my country's new energy vehicle industry.
He also clearly remembered the first large-scale debut of my country's new energy vehicles.
It was at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. 500 self-developed new energy buses were on the road. Among them, 50 pure electric buses traveled to and from the central area of the Olympic Games. For the first time in the history of the international Olympics, zero-emission vehicles in the central area of the Olympic Games were achieved.
Sun Fengchun, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor of Beijing Institute of Technology:
This is also the first batch of relatively large-scale electric buses in China and even the world. At that time, we were internationally advanced in terms of technology, because at that time, all countries in the world were experimenting with electric vehicles. In the laboratory stage, how to get out of the laboratory, we found a good Olympic scene.
In the field of traditional automobiles, my country has always been in a state of running behind, but for the research and development of core technologies of new energy vehicles, whether it is a traditional automobile powerhouse or a follower, everyone is almost on the same starting line.
At the beginning of this century, my country took the research and development of new energy vehicles as a key research project, and broke through the core technology before the Beijing Olympics. Whether it is parts or vehicle manufacturing, it has independent intellectual property rights.
The large-scale appearance of these cars at the Beijing Olympic Games opened the prelude to the industrialization of new energy vehicles in my country.
Dong Yang, former executive vice president and secretary general of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, Vice Chairman of China Electric Vehicle 100 Association:
Socially speaking, it can solve energy problems and environmental problems. Technically, it is the next important track for automotive technology. , is the next commanding heights, we can not always follow the development of Chinese cars, we should still grab the commanding heights in the future, so we have to do electric vehicles.
To achieve overtaking in the new energy vehicle industry, it is first necessary to form a large-scale market.
However, the new energy vehicles at that time could only travel up to 150 kilometers when fully charged. Compared with the excellent performance of traditional vehicles, they were far behind. How to make the market accept them?
How can companies be willing to turn to the new energy vehicle track?
Ouyang Minggao, professor of Tsinghua University, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences:
We are the first to start promoting public transportation. The government can pay for it. On the other hand, family cars are given preferential treatment.
The subsidy has quickly narrowed the price difference between new energy vehicles and traditional vehicles of the same level, and the effect is immediately reflected in the production and sales volume. In 2013, the production and sales of new energy vehicles increased by nearly 40% year-on-year.
Policy-driven has given my country's new energy vehicles a first-mover advantage. However, in order to achieve technological overtaking, product overtaking, and industrial chain overtaking, it is still necessary to rely on the independent innovation of enterprises.
BAIC Group was the first enterprise to enter the new energy vehicle industry, and the initial attempt was difficult.
Dai Kangwei, General Manager of BAIC New Energy Co., Ltd.:
When we first researched our vehicle electronic control technology, we even combined the resources of colleges and universities, benefiting from the rich resources and disciplines of many colleges and universities in Beijing, thanks to such good After the resources, we can use it as an OEM. After all, it is a terminal. We have integrated and applied many resources in this way to jointly promote the development of the new energy business. I think everyone has found such a sense of mission and also found such a take responsibility.
Batteries, motors, and electronic controls are the three core components of new energy vehicles, among which batteries are the key components that restrict the development of new energy vehicles.
How to improve battery cruising range and shorten charging time, we have no successful experience to learn from, we must rely on our own technology to solve key problems.
This was a battery charging test for the new material structure from a year ago.
The researchers want to see how much this solution can shorten the charging time.
Wang Shengwei, vice president of the passenger car solution department of a company: The
temperature rise should not be too high, and the charging speed should be fast. These two are the keys to our fast charging.
In less than 12 minutes, the battery was 80% charged.
Wang Shengwei, Vice President of the Passenger Vehicle Solutions Department of a certain enterprise:
Well, now it has risen to 100, and the test has been successfully completed.
Today, a year later, engineers have reduced the charging time to less than 5 minutes and can complete an 80% charge.
Continuous technical research has greatly increased the battery cruising range beyond the initial 150 kilometers.
Wu Kai, chief scientist of a company:
Under the same chemical system and the same battery pack size, the Kirin battery we launched can increase the power by 13% compared with the advanced overseas 4680 battery, and the energy density is about 3 times higher than that of 10 years ago. It also means that our electric cars can run 600 kilometers, 800 kilometers or even more.
The ten years since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has been a decade of rapid development of my country's power batteries.
Under the leadership of continuous technological innovation of leading enterprises, my country's power batteries have reached the world's top level.
Chinese battery companies rank first in the total global market share.
Ouyang Minggao, professor of Tsinghua University, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences:
We now have the most complete industrial chain of power batteries in the world, the scale of our battery industry in China is the largest in the world, and we provide the most extensive support for the world. All links in our chain are now They are all at the forefront of the world.
From a cruising range of only 150 kilometers to more than 600 kilometers, consumers' concerns about cruising range are decreasing, and the acceptance of new energy vehicles is getting higher and higher.
At the same time, China's new energy vehicle companies are also committed to product innovation, and their diversified products are highly recognized by consumers.
This is Liuzhou, Guangxi, and small and fashionable new energy vehicles can be seen everywhere in the streets and alleys.
As of the end of April 2022, a total of 125,000 new energy vehicles have been promoted and applied in Liuzhou, accounting for 12.5% of the total local car ownership.
In cities like Liuzhou, the popularity of new energy vehicles is mainly due to the fact that enterprises have seized the general needs of users in small cities, carried out product innovation, and successfully occupied the small electric vehicle market with novel and fashionable small cars.
Zhang Yiqin, director of brand and marketing of a certain enterprise:
Taking small electric vehicle products as the carrier, combining the hard power of enterprise technology with the advantages of the industrial chain, a set of solutions for the ecological construction of urban new energy large-scale application of government-enterprise linkage is formed.
This is a perception system for intelligent assisted driving of new energy vehicles.
With the lidar and high-definition camera on the top of the car, it can identify vehicles, people and other objects on the road, and achieve intelligent assisted driving in certain scenarios.
Today, the development of new energy vehicle technology is becoming more and more mature, and intelligence has become the future development direction.
Entering the intelligent track, China's own brand new energy vehicle companies are also preparing to go.
Ren Shaoqing, head of autonomous driving research and development of a company:
In the past five to ten years in China, in the field of sensors such as lidar, a group of companies that can do everything from research and development to manufacturing have actually emerged. From this solution algorithm, In fact, a group of companies that can do this complete solution have emerged.
So in fact, we have reason to believe that in the future, China's auto industry, in the dimension of intelligence, will actually occupy more and more and more important positions on the world stage.
Twenty years of unremitting efforts, China's new energy vehicle development has achieved an international leading edge, and the trend towards mid-to-high-end is obvious.
In 2020, the production and sales volume of new energy vehicles will reach 1.367 million units, and the cumulative production and sales volume in nine years will exceed 5.6 million units, exceeding the original target of 5 million units.
By 2021, production and sales will more than double year-on-year, of which self-owned brands account for 74.3% of the total.
A survey shows that the proportion of consumers who are willing to consider purchasing new energy vehicles has risen from 20% in 2017 to 63% in 2021. Among high-income groups, this performance is even more prominent, with nearly 90%. of consumers are willing to buy new energy vehicles.
Sun Fengchun, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and professor of Beijing Institute of Technology:
Our overall goal is very clear, that is, to overtake technically and products, including our industrial chain.
We need to achieve technological independence, product independence and industrial chain independence.
Ouyang Minggao, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor of Tsinghua University:
Our government's concept innovation and policy innovation have initiated and led the reform of China's new energy industry in this new energy industry.
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中国纺织工业联合会原副会长 研究员 孙淮滨：世界上没有一个国家像我们如此丰富、系统、完整的纺织产业链，我们既有上游的原料供给，包括石化的，包括农业的，同时我们每个纺织的链条上的行业，细分行业应有尽有，然后产业用纺织品，家用纺织品和服装，还有我们纺织机械、服装机械，它是贯穿于整个产业链。
一件衣服从棉花到纤维，再到织布、染色和成衣，中间需经过几十甚至上百道工序，纺织业也因此成为最具代表性的劳动密集型产业。在我国拥有数千年历史的纺织业，随着改革开放，特别是21世纪初加入世界贸易组织后，释放出巨大产能，为全世界源源不断提供着价廉物美的服装。而随着规模不断增大，以及内外部环境的变化，也给中国纺织业提出了新的时代命题。
中国纺织工业联合会原副会长 研究员 孙淮滨：我们自身体量已经非常大了，你要说让它再加快快跑，我觉得这可能性不大，我们也面临着市场环境这种变化，环保的压力，还有劳动力成本的上升，这样一些一系列因素呢，使得我们必须要走转型升级，要由大变强这样一个发展。
如何变强？自主创新、掌握独门先进技术，是迈向产业链高端的关键。
盛虹控股集团有限公司董事长 缪汉根：这个就是超细纤维，它最细的话可以做到超过头发丝的1/50。
超细纤维广泛运用于高档服装，家纺面料，高性能过滤材料，洁净材料，高端汽车内饰等多个领域。通俗地说，一万米长的超细纤维单丝仅有不到0.028克，这也意味着重量112克的超细纤维单丝，便可绕地球赤道一周。只有在高倍电子显微镜下，才能看清一根超细纤维的内部形态，这样一根纤维单丝里，其实还分布着总数为2664根单丝。这种直径仅为头发丝1/100的“海岛超细纤维”，就是该企业从实验室研发到工业化量产的成果。如今，这家企业超细纤维产品年产量，已经占到全球约60%，成为重要生产基地。
盛虹控股集团有限公司董事长 缪汉根：我们效益很大一部分的保障，就来源于做别人做不了的产品，产品的附加值就比较高，销售也比较好。
坚持走差异化路线，做别人做不了的产品，是该企业从跟跑到行业领跑的关键，近十年来，企业投入近1000亿元打通化纤上下游产业链，新技术产品数量年均保持10%以上的增速。除了不断挑战超细纤维的极限，用回收塑料瓶制成的再生纤维，也成为他们主要研发方向和利润增长来源。
盛虹控股集团有限公司董事长 缪汉根：我们今年的再生纤维产能将达到35万吨，比去年翻一番，但需求比产能增长更快，整体还是处于供不应求，一些产品的订单甚至排到了四季度。
如何变强？广泛运用最新自动化数字化技术，提高劳动生产率，降本增效，是赢得市场青睐的关键。 全自动化生产线、纺机数据共享，“智慧大脑”一屏掌控，在山东枣庄，这间高档新型特种纱线生产厂房内，曾经纺织企业“千人纱，万人布”的情景已经成为历史。通过对信息化技术的充分运用，以及对系统大数据的分析，企业实现了精细化管理，目前，生产万锭用工只需要35人。
中国纺织工业联合会副会长 全国纺织品标准化技术委员会副主任 李陵申：三十多年前那时候是十万锭的工厂有一万人，就相当于万锭用工都一千人，通过智能化工厂，极大提高了劳动生产效率，真正实现了纺织工厂夜间无人值守这么一个过去的愿景。
在江苏常熟，这个能存放150万箱衣服的巨大自动化立库中， 3分钟就能锁定一件衣服，并且自动贴上快递单，传送到运输车辆上。 整个仓储区单日吞吐量最多可达100万件， 搬运、分拣、配送、清点库存全由机器人完成 。
每隔6秒，企业大数据平台上的全国销量数据都会被刷新，并进行实时市场走向分析。
中国纺织工业联合会副会长 全国纺织品标准化技术委员会副主任 李陵申：经过这几年行业的这种数字化、网络化、智能化这种迭代升级，那么整个行业的劳动生产效率，智能制造水平和整个数字化的服务水平都得到了极大提升，劳动生产率大幅提高。
This is a customized clothing company in Dalian. Except for offline stores, a large part of their sales come from online orders, which means that consumers can not only choose fabrics online, participate in style design, but also realize remote measurement. Only need to take photos as required to intelligently display the size data of collar, waist and other parts.
Wu Qi, Chairman of Dalian Longsheng Clothing Co., Ltd.:
Then you can see the whole clothes in 360 degrees, for example, the zipper. If some customers don't like the zipper, it can be turned into a button. We start from the material of the fabric, from the Colors, details from styles customers can all participate.
Personalized customization and digital production are the passwords for the leading development of the textile and garment industry.
This is due to the rapid development of digital technology in the era of digital economy. With the support of a new generation of information technologies such as 5G, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence, and big data, many garment enterprises have built their own smart factories to realize digital intelligent manufacturing. transformation.
Chen Dapeng, vice president of China National Textile and Apparel Council, president of China National Garment Association:
The new development of digitization, networking, informatization and intelligence provides the possibility for this large-scale personalized customization.
It turns out that you may go to the garment factory to see that our assembly line produces garments of one category, but we use different chips for each piece. Different stitching requirements can be achieved in this, the entire assembly line to achieve such a mass customization we say.
Personalized customization greatly satisfies people's diversified clothing needs. The integration of the new format of live e-commerce in the Internet age has allowed the clothing industry to systematically reshape the entire industrial chain from design to production to sales.
Like many manufacturing industries, seizing the opportunity of the digital age and moving towards intelligent high-end manufacturing, the transformation of the textile and garment industry is a microcosm of China's transition from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.