The Lujiang River is rushing and the sea is playing a long song, the development record of the 40th anniversary of the construction of Xiamen Special Economic Zone
Xiamen is a guest from Wuzhou, Mena Wanqingtao.
In October 1980, the State Council approved the establishment of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone.
A year later, with a loud blast on the Huli construction site, the construction of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone officially opened.
Since then, the "door of the building" has opened up earth-shaking changes, practicing the great initiative of the special economic zone under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and has become a brilliant interpretation of socialism with Chinese characteristics on a blank sheet of paper.
Forty years have passed through, and 40 years have passed.
With cross-strait integration as the characteristic, reform and opening up as the driving force, and high-quality development as the pursuit, the Xiamen Special Economic Zone has given full play to its role as a “test field” for system reform, an important window for opening up, and a pioneer in modernization in the past 40 years. With limited coastal defense frontline, we are constantly striding forward to a modern and international city with high quality and high appearance.
Set up for Taiwan to explore new roads for the integration and development of the two sides of the strait
Facing each other across the strait, the waves are like songs.
Among the first batch of four special economic zones in my country, the most prominent feature of Xiamen is "built for Taiwan."
Over the past 40 years, the Xiamen Special Economic Zone has fully expanded cross-strait exchanges and cooperation with its geographical advantages with Taiwan, and tried to serve the overall situation of Taiwan.
As the first Taiwanese businessmen to invest in the mainland, the chairman of Jianlin Group, Lu Lizhen, came to the mainland in 1987. After inspecting several cities, he finally chose Xiamen.
"Xiamen is very close to Taiwan, with the same local accent, cultural customs, and customs. More importantly, as a special economic zone, Xiamen has policy support." Lv Lizhen said that when the company first started, the company covered 60,000 square meters. The plant only took 18 months.
"It was amazing at the time."
Relying on the mainland market, plus local policies and talent support, Jianlin Group officially landed in A shares last year.
"Xiamen is a good investment destination and a model of cross-strait cooperation." Lu Lizhen said.
Over the past 40 years, Xiamen has continued to "break the ice" in cross-strait three links, direct flights, economic and trade cooperation, personnel exchanges, cultural exchanges, and grassroots party exchanges. It has continued to deepen cross-strait exchanges and cooperation comprehensive supporting reforms, and build cross-strait emerging industries and modern service industries. The cooperation demonstration zone, the cross-strait financial center, the Southeast International Shipping Center, the Taiwan Trade Center and other "one district and three centers", the Xiamen-Taiwan integrated circuit, flat panel display and other industrial cooperation has produced fruitful results.
Today, Xiamen has become the region with the most close economic and trade cooperation between the two sides of the strait. More than 20 Taiwanese companies such as AUO and Chenhong have been introduced. The accumulated actual use of Taiwanese capital is US$11.7 billion. The industrial output value of Taiwanese enterprises accounts for approximately Xiamen’s total industrial output value. 1/4.
The import volume of Taiwan fruits, food, wine, books, rice, etc. at the Xiamen port steadily ranks first in the mainland, and is the mainland's largest trade port with Taiwan.
Not long ago, the annual Straits Forum was postponed to the end of the year due to the impact of the epidemic, and all walks of life on both sides of the strait still showed high enthusiasm.
As the most active platform for cross-strait exchanges, Xiamen has focused on building more than 50 large-scale cross-strait exchange activities, such as the Straits Forum, Industrial Fair, Cultural Expo, and Map Fair, with continuous improvement in effectiveness.
The future of cross-strait cooperation lies in the youth.
Fan Jiangfeng, a young entrepreneur from Taoyuan, Taiwan, likened Xiamen to a "land of dreams."
In 2016, Fan Jiangfeng and his mainland partners co-founded Xiamen Qida Taixiang Entrepreneurship Service Co., Ltd. Nowadays, the results are impressive: assisting more than 7,000 Taiwanese youths to come to Fujian for exchanges, helping more than 300 Taiwanese youths and 150 projects to land in Fujian .
"In Xiamen, I saw scenery that I had never seen in Taiwan." Fan Jiangfeng said that Xiamen has become the first choice for many Taiwanese youth to develop in the mainland.
Xiamen has launched a number of measures to benefit Taiwan and the people, and innovatively established Taiwan-related service organizations such as the Taiwan Service Center, Taiwanese Posts, Cross-Strait Youth Entrepreneurship Bases, etc., to actively create better conditions for Taiwan’s youth to pursue, build and realize their dreams and build bigger stage.
More and more new generations of Taiwan enter and merge into Xiamen, becoming a beautiful youth landscape.
There are more than 20 cross-strait youth entrepreneurship bases in Xiamen, of which 7 have been approved as "Cross-Strait Youth Employment and Entrepreneurship Bases (Demonstration Sites)" by the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council.
According to incomplete statistics, more than 120,000 Taiwanese compatriots currently work and live in Xiamen and enjoy the same treatment as local residents. Many Taiwanese take the initiative to volunteer, participate in community governance, and integrate into local life.
"Taiwan and mainland compatriots have become community communities." said Xiong Qi, assistant to the Taiwanese director of Xinglong Community in Huli District, Xiamen. "A family on both sides of the strait" of shared emotional experience.
Wu Jiaying, chairman of the Xiamen Taiwanese Business Association, said that in the development of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone, the majority of Taiwanese businessmen and Taiwanese compatriots are not only participants, witnesses, and beneficiaries.
Taiwanese businessmen and Taiwanese compatriots have helped Xiamen's development, and have also caught the "train" of rapid development of reform and opening up, and the happiness index has increased year by year.
Multi-zone superposition to build a new system of open economy
It is the development logic that Xiamen Special Economic Zone has always adhered to since the establishment of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone to seek motivation from opening up, vitality from reform, and planning a high-level opening up in the overall situation of national development.
At the beginning of the establishment of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone, the infrastructure was almost zero, construction was done on a blank sheet of paper, and funding was even tighter.
How to solve the problem when all industries are waiting for prosperity?
There is no existing experience and no standard answer. The mission of the special economic zone is to find a way forward and "break a bloody path."
Taking advantage of the special zone policy, Xiamen took the lead in the country to use foreign loans to build airports, ports, communications and other infrastructure, took the lead in promoting the tax and profit separation reform, took the lead in reforming the state-owned asset management system, took the lead in the implementation of paid land transfer and public bidding for government procurement, and established the first Sino-foreign joint venture banks... At the beginning of the establishment of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone, a series of opening-up measures activated the vitality of development and formed a good start for the introduction of external links and internal links.
In February 1984, Deng Xiaoping, the chief designer of reform and opening up, visited Xiamen and wrote the inscription "Make the special economic zone faster and better", which inspired Xiamen to further reform and open up.
In 1985, the State Council approved the expansion of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone to the entire island.
Since then, the central government has successively approved the establishment of three Taiwanese investment zones in Haicang, Xinglin, and Jimei, as well as the Xiangyu Free Trade Zone.
In 2010, the central government approved the expansion of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone to the entire city.
A series of policies have been superimposed, and Xiamen has formed an all-round and multi-level opening-up pattern.
Plant a plane tree to attract phoenixes to live.
Fortune 500 companies such as Dell, GM, ABB and others have "stretched the beach" in Xiamen.
"Xiamen is the starting point for ABB to set sail in China. Since its establishment in Xiamen Torch High-tech Zone in 1992, Xiamen has become one of ABB's most important industrial bases in the world." said Zhao Yongzhan, President of ABB Electric China, and ABB Xiamen Industrial Center was put into operation in 2018 , Committed to building a modern R&D base and realizing the transformation from a manufacturing base to an innovative R&D base.
Statistics from the Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Statistics show that as of the end of 2020, a total of 63 Fortune 500 companies have invested in 114 projects in Xiamen, with contractual foreign investment of US$4.121 billion and actual use of foreign capital of US$3.63 billion.
Both "bring in" and "go out".
Up to now, Xiamen has registered a total of 1,581 overseas investment projects, with investments in 74 countries and regions, and the investment areas involve wholesale and retail, manufacturing and other fields.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the implementation of a series of national strategies such as the Pilot Free Trade Zone, the core area of the Maritime Silk Road, and the BRICS New Industrial Revolution Partnership Innovation Base, Xiamen is exploring a higher level of multi-level, all-round, Comprehensive economic opening pattern.
The establishment of a “single window” for international trade, the reform of “one license and one code” for commercial registration, the establishment of the International Commercial Arbitration Court, the construction of the Maritime Silk Road Central Legal Affairs District... Said Dai Bin, Director of the Economic Development Bureau of the Management Committee of the Xiamen Free Trade Zone, since 2015 Since its listing, the Xiamen Free Trade Zone has launched a total of 498 innovative measures, and a total of 30 "Xiamen Experiences" have been replicated and promoted nationwide.
Integrating into the country's new opening-up pattern, Xiamen's vision has become broader.
The first China-Europe train (Xiamen) was launched in 2015. The nearest China-Europe train to Taiwan now has more than 1,000 trains.
Three years later, the "Silk Road Shipping", which first opened at Xiamen Port, also opened, and Haisi and Lusi realized a perfect intersection in Xiamen.
"Silk Road Shipping" is the first international integrated logistics service brand and platform for countries along the "Belt and Road".
Li Nan, deputy general manager of Fujian Silk Road Shipping Operation Co., Ltd., said that after 3 years of development, "Silk Road Shipping" has 80 named routes, reaching 99 ports in 27 countries, and more than 200 alliance members. 6.7 million TEUs.
Xiamen, which straddles land and sea, actively participates in the construction of the “Belt and Road” and continues to inject vitality into the development of the “Belt and Road”.
At the same time, Xiamen has seized the "BRIC" opportunity to build an important platform for BRIC cooperation.
Following the successful holding of the ninth meeting of the leaders of the BRICS countries in 2017 in Xiamen, Xiamen landed at the end of last year in the new industrial revolution partnership innovation base of the BRICS countries.
In the past year since the establishment of the innovation base, two batches of 60 key task lists have been released, 20 BRIC special training sessions have been carried out, 7 empowerment platforms in the field of new industrial revolutions have been built, and the first batch of 39 demonstration benchmarks in the field of new industrial revolutions have been launched. Projects, 33 BRIC cooperation projects have been signed.
The convergence of a number of national strategies and the advantages of multiple regions have promoted Xiamen's deep integration into the global economic system, and has always been at the forefront in creating a new open economic system.
Quality change stimulates industrial innovation
Innovation and entrepreneurship are a distinctive feature of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone.
It is precisely by relying on innovation to drive development that Xiamen has overcome its weaknesses such as small geographical space and insufficient economic hinterland, and embarked on a new path of high-quality industrial development.
In the exhibition hall, the staff demonstrated the latest video dispatching solutions on the big screen. Emergency command, traffic dispatch, visual inspection and repair, and remote monitoring can all be easily realized in this system. New technology products are eye-opening.
As a leading international provider of corporate communications and collaboration solutions, Yealink’s own-brand products are sold to the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and other countries, and its SIP phone market share ranks first in the world.
Affected by the epidemic, the company's cloud video business has ushered in a new trend, and orders have surged.
"In the past two years, the company has applied for more than 100 patents per year, with an average of one application in three days." According to Zhang Huirong, the company’s deputy general manager, the company’s R&D personnel account for more than 60% of its employees, and its annual R&D investment accounts for more than 8% of sales. %.
Xiamen Torch High-tech Zone, where Yealink Networks is located, is one of the first batch of national high-tech zones.
In the 30 years since its construction, Xiamen Torch High-tech Zone started from a "experimental field" of less than 1 square kilometer on the island and developed into "one district and nine parks", supporting "half of the country" in Xiamen's industrial economy.
At present, the Torch High-tech Zone has gathered more than 10,000 enterprises of various types, including more than 1,000 state-level high-tech enterprises.
The distinctive features of the Torch High-tech Zone reflect the path of Xiamen's industrial layout in accordance with local conditions.
Compared with other sub-provincial cities across the country, Xiamen’s economy is relatively small. With a land area of only 1,700 square kilometers, nearly 60% of the city’s land area has been classified as an ecological control zone.
The person in charge of the Xiamen Torch High-tech Zone Management Committee said that based on its own resource endowment, focusing on the high-end of the industrial chain and value chain according to local conditions, and taking the road of "small but precise" refined development, it is the right choice to stimulate Xiamen's comparative advantages.
Precision refers to the high-precision industrial layout.
At the beginning of the establishment of the special zone, Xiamen focused on processing and manufacturing of "three to one supplement". Enterprises such as electronics, machinery, light industry, and chemical industry were once the pillar industries of Xiamen.
Since then, Xiamen has made choices, got rid of its dependence on development paths, and gradually abandoned extensive industries, focusing on high-end manufacturing and modern service industries. Nine hundred billion industrial chains including flat panel displays, computers and communication equipment have been formed.
Over the past 40 years, Xiamen’s economic aggregate has grown at an average annual rate of 15%, and total fiscal revenue has grown at an average annual rate of 18.1%.
In 2020, Xiamen’s GDP will reach 638.4 billion yuan, the total fiscal revenue will reach 135.1 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP will exceed 20,000 U.S. dollars, reaching the international “threshold” for advanced economies.
Xiamen accounts for 1.4% of the province’s land area, creating 14.5% of the province’s GDP, 26.2% of fiscal revenue, and nearly 50% of foreign trade import and export. Indicators such as the gross output value created by the electricity generation ranks among the top in the country.
Riding on the east wind of the development of the special economic zone, a large number of high-tech enterprises have gathered and developed in Xiamen, interpreting a vivid story of innovation-driven, transformation and upgrading.
Located in the Xiamen Biomedical Port in Haicang District, more than 300 biomedical companies gather in a 5.67 square kilometer "pocket" area.
The second phase of the Wantai Canghai Biomedical Project will be built quickly. After the completion of the project, it will be mainly used for the production of domestic nine-valent cervical cancer vaccines, and will cooperate with GlaxoSmithKline to develop a new generation of cervical cancer vaccines.
"After countless trials, we sat on the hot bench and the vaccine industrialization production finally achieved a breakthrough." According to Li Shicheng, chairman of Xiamen Wantai Canghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the company and Xiamen University have cooperated in scientific research and successfully developed the world's first E. Liver vaccine and the first domestically-made and third bivalent cervical cancer vaccine in the world.
Among them, the domestic bivalent cervical cancer vaccine was successfully launched in May last year, and the domestic nine-valent cervical cancer vaccine has entered Phase III clinical trials.
Located in Haicang, AideBio is a well-known leading enterprise in the field of tumor precision detection at home and abroad. The company’s general manager Luo Jiemin said that the company has more than 60 international leading independent patents, and its products have entered more than 60 countries and regions around the world. Let more than 600,000 cancer patients benefit from precision medicine.
Aide Bio is rooted in Xiamen's innovative fertile soil, and is also a product of innovation-driven development of the special economic zone.
Introduce the old and bring forth new horizons.
"More than 10 years ago, we began to gradually withdraw from traditional pillar industries such as petrochemicals and steel to gain development space for the rise of biomedicine, integrated circuits and other industries." said Zhang Shanmei, deputy director of the Haicang Taiwanese Investment Zone Management Committee.
Seek momentum from a height, settle in a new place.
Closely following the direction of industry development, Xiamen has precisely launched its investment promotion engine in recent years, focusing on cultivating strategic emerging industries such as new materials, new energy, and integrated circuits.
Not long ago, the main plant of Xiamen Tianma's 6th generation flexible AMOLED production line project with a total investment of 48 billion yuan was capped; Ningde Times, a leading global power battery company, invested in the establishment of a subsidiary in Xiamen, and jointly established Xiamen Times New Energy Research Institute with Xiamen University...
With the arrival of a number of leading projects, emerging industrial clusters with optimized structure, high-end value and outstanding benefits are accelerating the formation of Xiamen.
Coordinate and polish up the background of people's livelihood for high-quality development
While maintaining the "high quality" of economic development, Xiamen has made overall plans to promote the coordinated development of regions, ecology, people's livelihood, and culture, and has achieved a "high value" of perfect beauty and both internal and external development.
In the "Special Zone·1980" Huli Creative Industry Park in Xiamen, you can see all kinds of old factories, old-fashioned tape recorders, vinyl records and other old objects everywhere.
The unique nostalgic temperament makes it a popular landmark for tourists to check in and film crews.
This small piece of land was once the origin of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone.
From the place where many industrial enterprises gathered in the past to today’s fashion highland, the transformation and rebirth of the Huli Creative Industry Park is a vivid epitome of Xiamen’s "improvement of the island and cross-island development".
In 2002, Xiamen proposed the "cross-island development" strategic decision, and since then expanded its development vision from the island to the entire Xiamen area.
The cross-island development has opened up the urban structure and framework, and Xiamen's industrial transformation and upgrading has more room to exert its strengths.
Standing in the Jimei New City Experience Hall, you can see the entire new city.
Over the past ten years, with the development of cross-island, Jimei New City has gradually formed a comprehensive new city with multiple functions including urban CBD, agglomeration of universities, high-tech research and development, film and television shooting, etc. .
The key to cross-island development lies in industry.
From the first and second phases on the island to the third phase outside the island, Xiamen Software Park came across the island.
Located in the third phase of Jimei Software Park, it used to be a "farmland beach", but now it is transformed into a fertile ground for innovation and entrepreneurship. More than 3,000 companies and 46,000 software talents gather here.
With the rise of industrial parks, there is fertile soil for industrial cross-island upgrading, which in turn promotes the construction of new cities outside the island.
Nowadays, the construction of Haicang New City, Jimei New City, Tongan New City, and Huandong Haiyu New City has been accelerating in an all-round way, and digital economy, platform economy, smart economy, etc. are prioritized outside the island.
Xiamen City has also vigorously promoted the deployment of high-quality education, medical resources, cultural and sports facilities, and infrastructure outside the island, and accelerated development in areas such as the new airport in Xiamen and the Eastern Sports Convention and Exhibition City.
The coordinated development of the inner and outer regions of the island has accelerated, and the coordinated advancement of Xiamen's economic development and ecological construction, and people's livelihood security has also been further increased.
Yundang Lake, an urban wetland park in the center of Xiamen, is known as Xiamen's "urban living room".
The flowers are clustered here, the birds are flying, and the tourists are like weaving.
It is hard to imagine that 40 years ago, Yundang Lake was overgrown with weeds, sewage was discharged indiscriminately, and the lake water was black and smelly.
Since the establishment of the special economic zone, Xiamen City has fought a tough battle to improve the environment of Yundang Lake.
After years of continuous comprehensive management, Yundang Lake has now been completely transformed. The comprehensive renovation project of Yundang Lake has been rated as a demonstration project of "East Asia Sea Pollution Prevention and Management" by the United Nations Development Program.
The changes in Yundang Lake reflect Xiamen’s long-standing and vivid practice of planning the construction of ecological civilization.
Over the years, Xiamen City has insisted on giving priority to ecology and green development, building a national ecological civilization experimental zone with high standards, and continuing to build a "city that blooms in a garden".
Xiamen took the lead in formulating the country's first ecological civilization indicator system and the first to introduce environmental protection regulations in the form of local legislation.
In the urban development and construction, in order to protect the Chinese white dolphins, Xiamen City did not hesitate to change the cross-sea channel scheme from a bridge to a tunnel, which greatly increased the cost; and reserved Lantau Island for the protection of egrets.
On the road to the construction of special economic zones, Xiamen has never forgotten its original intention to achieve common prosperity, vigorously solve the problem of uneven development, and make the achievements of reform and opening up to the people.
The military camp village with an altitude of more than 900 meters and the adjacent Baijiaoci Village are located on the high mountain at the junction of Xiamen, Quanzhou, and Zhangzhou. They are the highest and most remote villages in Xiamen.
In the 1980s, due to high mountains and long roads and inconvenient transportation, the two villages of Gaoshan were well-known poor villages far and near, and they were incompatible with the ever-changing special economic zones.
With the support and guidance of the Party committees and governments at all levels in Xiamen City, the two villages in the mountains and villages are prospering industries and beautify the ecology.
Nowadays, walking into the military camp and Baijiaoci villages, layers of terraced fields surround the mountains, and the lush tea gardens are particularly eye-catching.
“The village used to be dark at night and the top of the mountain was bare. When there was a thunderstorm, the electricity was often cut off and the only way to travel was dirt roads.” said Gao Zhiyun, an entrepreneurial college student from the military camp village. Now the environment is getting better and better. 40,000 yuan.
Facing the future, set sail again on a new starting point
Forty years of prosperity, and 90,000 miles of Fengpeng.
Standing at the new historical starting point of the 40th anniversary of the construction of the special economic zone, Xiamen has ushered in a new development period, and faces a new development direction and path choice on the new journey.
——Under the background of the severe and complicated cross-strait situation, how can Xiamen give full play to its advantages over Taiwan to better serve the overall situation of the country's work?
The Xiamen Special Economic Zone is unique because of Taiwan and thrives because of Taiwan.
Liu Jinzhu, director of the Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of Xiamen City, said that as one of the cities on the mainland closest to Taiwan, Xiamen and Kinmen face each other across the sea. It is an important hub for direct cross-strait exchanges and regional integration.
With cross-strait exchanges and cooperation hindered, Xiamen must strive to build a cross-strait integrated development demonstration zone, comprehensively explore new paths for cross-strait integrated development, and strive to build a special economic zone into the "first stop" for Taiwanese and Taiwanese enterprises to land in the first home.
At present, in response to the needs of Taiwanese compatriots, Xiamen is accelerating the construction of the Xiamen side of Xiamen Jin’s electricity, ventilation, and bridge projects, and advances the equalization, inclusiveness, and convenience of the basic public services of Xiamen Jin to create a "Xia Jin common living circle."
——In the current era of the rise of "urban agglomerations" and the acceleration of regional coordinated development, how can Xiamen play a leading role in radiation and make greater achievements in the regional economic layout?
Xiamen's further development is faced with constraints such as small space and limited economic hinterland.
"Xiamen should expand its development space and radiate its leading role in the regional economic integration of Xia, Zhang, and Quan," said Yan Zheng, a professor at the Fujian Academy of Social Sciences.
The Xia Zhangquan Metropolitan Area is located between the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. It is an important economic area along the southeast coast of my country and a frontier gateway for cooperation with Taiwan.
The three places have the same language, the same culture, and the same space. They are the main ancestral home of Taiwan compatriots, and are also the birthplace and core area of southern Fujian culture.
Seriously, the coordinated development of Xia Zhangquan should be promoted from a higher level, and the advantageous resources of Xia Zhangquan should be deeply integrated, so as to form a more extensive development hinterland, so that Xiamen can build a high-quality and high-value modern international city at a higher level.
——Under the new development pattern where the domestic and international double cycles are the mainstay and the domestic and international double cycles are mutually promoted, how can Xiamen, which has scarce land resources and prominent export-oriented economic characteristics, further break through the situation and make the road of opening wider and wider?
At present, foreign-funded enterprises contribute about 70% of Xiamen's industrial output value, 60% of economic growth and 40% of imports and exports.
"Openness and tolerance are the soft power of Xiamen's development. Today, it is even more necessary to release the vitality of development through deepening reforms and continuous opening up." Zhou Yinggang, a professor at the School of Economics of Xiamen University, said that Xiamen should be more actively integrated into the country's "Belt and Road" construction, especially exploration. The expansion model of "BRICS+" has shaped a new pattern of land-sea linkage and three-dimensional opening.
"Deepening the construction of the strategic fulcrum of the sea silk, and the in-depth docking of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), all of which provide direction for Xiamen to build a higher level of open economy and new system under the new situation." said Huang Maoxing, a professor at Fujian Normal University School of Economics. .
Leveraging the power to set sail, the time is right to beat the drums.
Cui Yonghui, member of the Standing Committee of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Xiamen Municipal Party Committee, said that standing at the historical intersection of the "two centenary" goals, the Xiamen Special Economic Zone will take advantage of the momentum and forge ahead, once again set sail for reform and opening up, and start from a high starting point. The high-quality competitive situation explores a new system for a higher level of open economy, and promotes high-quality development and transcendence in all aspects.
(Reporters Kang Miao, Dong Jianguo, Fu Min, Zhang Huaying, Qin Hong, Yan Zhihong)