Our reporter Xiao Wei
Recently, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Implementing the Division of Labor in the Key Tasks of the "Government Work Report"" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions on Division of Labor").
The "Division of Labor Opinions" proposes to do a solid job of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, including formulating an action plan for carbon peaking by 2030.
The "Division of Labor Opinions" also proposes to accelerate the construction of a national carbon emission trading market, enhance the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem, implement special policies for financial support for green and low-carbon development, and establish carbon emission reduction support tools.
As early as 2013, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published the report "Solving Climate Change Through Livestock: A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities".
The report shows that the annual greenhouse gas emissions related to the animal husbandry supply chain total 7.1 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, accounting for 14.5% of the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans.
The report also stated that through wider adoption of standardized management and advanced technologies, the livestock industry can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 30%.
This means that the aquaculture industry not only has a huge amount of carbon emissions, but also has a large carbon emission reduction potential to be tapped.
However, the aquaculture industry often adopts the method of "statistics plus estimation" due to the large number of free-range farmers and the large scale of aquaculture. As a result, it is difficult to grasp accurate data for the carbon emission statistics of the aquaculture industry, and it is difficult to accurately implement the right medicine.
Some brokerage analysts believe that it is unreasonable to increase carbon taxes and implement carbon emission permits for large-scale breeding companies, which will weaken their competitive advantage against scattered farmers and slow down the rate of production concentration to the head.
However, in the face of extremely difficult situations, Hunan aquaculture companies such as Tang Renshen and Xiangjia Co., Ltd. have taken action to use various methods such as feed reduction, centralized breeding, harmless treatment, organic composting, etc., to try the carbon cycle model and explore aquaculture. The road to carbon emission reduction in the industry.
Some experts also said that the ocean is recognized as the largest carbon reservoir on the earth, and its carbon sequestration capacity is 20 times that of terrestrial ecosystems. China has a long coastline and abundant water resources. It can vigorously develop marine aquaculture and ocean fisheries and actively create ocean carbon. Carbon sinks and fisheries carbon sinks enable the aquaculture industry to find a feasible path with low cost and high efficiency and move towards carbon neutrality as soon as possible.
All beginnings are hard
On March 8, during the two sessions of this year, the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, the vice chairman of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and the chairman of the Chinese Revolutionary Revolutionary Committee of Hubei Province, Wang Hongling, proposed on agricultural carbon emissions: “Of the 10 billion tons of China’s carbon emissions in 2020, agricultural carbon Emissions are about 2 billion tons. More importantly, in accordance with the more stringent climate-neutral goal, non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide emitted from agricultural production must be taken into account and must be reduced to zero. Development in China Agricultural carbon emission reduction and carbon trading have very important and special significance."
However, this industry with huge carbon emissions is facing many problems that need to be solved urgently.
Wang Hongling said: “At present, the industries included in carbon emissions trading are mainly thermal power generation, petrochemical, steel, nonferrous metals, cement, thermal power, aviation, construction and other industries. All parties face less attention to agriculture. The methodology of voluntary carbon emission reduction in agriculture The development of agricultural sources of greenhouse gas emissions monitoring and verification technology introduction and research and development are insufficient. Up to now, the twelfth batch of methodological lists of a total of 204 have been published, and there are only 18 in agriculture. The development and trading mechanism design of agricultural carbon emission reduction projects Insufficient, there is little research on the radiation effect, linkage mechanism, and income increase mechanism of agricultural carbon emission reduction and carbon exchange."
Although there is less research, some people are already doing preliminary work.
An agricultural expert told the "Securities Daily" reporter: "As early as 2016, we conducted a survey on the carbon emissions of the pig breeding industry in Hunan Province. The survey results showed that the industrial structure determines the carbon emissions statistics of the breeding industry. The main reason is that the number of free-range farmers is large and the scale of breeding is difficult to clearly count. The breeding population as the main body of carbon emissions has been changing dynamically, and with the fluctuation of downstream market prices and upstream feed prices Affected by factors such as the occurrence of epidemics and epidemic prevention work, the breeding population has shown a situation of ups and downs. The current carbon emission statistics of the aquaculture industry have adopted the method of'visiting statistics plus empirical estimation'. If clear statistics are not available, it will be difficult to prescribe the right medicine. Accurate policy implementation. This is the biggest difficulty in the current carbon emission survey and carbon emission reduction work of the aquaculture industry."
Not only the situation in Hunan, but a reporter from the Securities Daily searched CNKI's CNKI database and found that some scholars in Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Yunnan and other places have relatively consistent research conclusions on carbon emissions and environmental impacts of the breeding industry. It is generally believed that breeding The industrial structure is a decisive factor in determining the difficulty and operability of carbon emission reduction.
In the view of brokerage firms, the difficulty is not only the investigation of carbon emissions statistics. Under the current industrial structure, carbon emission reduction may hurt leading companies.
A brokerage analyst told the "Securities Daily" reporter: "Currently, the production capacity of live pigs, live cattle, mutton sheep, poultry, and aquatic products is highly dispersed. The industrial structure is still dominated by scattered households, unable to afford carbon emission reduction. Tasks, and even evade the due carbon emission reduction obligations, the cost of the state's supervision is too high. If the aquaculture industry is included in the carbon emission reduction system for constraints and considerations, it will inevitably only increase the overall cost burden of the leading enterprises. This will reduce the overall competitive advantage of leading companies compared to individual farmers, slow down the expansion of advanced aquaculture production capacity, and will not be conducive to the concentration of aquaculture production capacity in leading companies.”
Everything I'm afraid of is serious
In a difficult situation, Hunan aquaculture companies did not wait, but took active actions.
Sun Shuangsheng, secretary of the board of directors of Tang Renshen, introduced to the reporter of Securities Daily: "Tang Renshen has paid attention to and implemented carbon emission reduction work in the pig industry very early. As an enterprise in the whole pig industry chain, we have implemented carbon emission reduction measures in all links. In the upstream feed link, we have produced leading products such as standardized feed, oral milk, education and insurance feed, and concentrated feed. Compared with the scattered farmers, our feed-to-meat ratio has been significantly reduced. Through technical research, we are confident that in 4 years In 5 years, the feed-to-meat ratio will be reduced to 2.2, that is, 2.2 kg of feed will increase 1 kg of pig weight. Less feed is consumed and carbon emissions will be reduced. This is to reduce carbon emissions from the source. In addition, we will also increase the weight of pigs with more than 300 pigs. Large-scale breeding farms explain the promotion of feed products and scientific breeding, help large farmers to use more standardized feeds, reduce the use of leftovers, and effectively reduce the feed-to-meat ratio during the breeding process, and reduce the total feed consumption and carbon emissions of the industry."
Not only does it explore opportunities for carbon emission reduction in the feed sector, Tangrenshen Group is also earnestly looking for carbon emission reduction potential in the transportation sector.
"The most feared thing is serious, we want to be a group of serious people." According to Sun Shuangsheng, in order to prevent and control the swine fever epidemic, Tang Renshen built advanced aquaculture production capacity in the south and adopted the water-rail linkage method to purchase energy from the north. The raw materials, distiller's grain protein feed, rice bran meal, etc. are transported to the southern region by sea and land, which not only saves costs, but also reduces carbon emissions compared with automobile transportation.
Carbon reduction in the aquaculture industry is difficult at first, and the process is difficult, but we believe that the results are good.
On March 25, Tangrenshen Group signed a joint contract with Academician Chen Huanchun, Academician Shen Jianzhong, Academician Yin Yulong, Professor Zhao Shuhong and Guangzhou Dark Matter Intelligent Technology to further promote the implementation of intelligent pig raising projects.
Sun Shuangsheng told reporters: "In the middle reaches of the breeding link, the farm adopts intelligent technology and automated equipment. The patrol generally uses a combination of manual, robot, and high-definition industrial cameras. The annual output of 100,000 heads is in the farm. Only about 30 to 40 people are required. The temperature control, humidity control, lighting management, feeding and water feeding, and pig body temperature measurement in the farm have been automated, which not only reduces cross-infection and virus transmission, but also reduces The labor intensity of manual operations has also been realized, and the entire process of energy management of the farm has been realized, and the carbon emissions in the breeding process have been reduced."
Not only is the implementation of carbon emission reduction measures, Tangrenshen Group is also exploring a carbon cycle model.
The "Securities Daily" reporter learned that Longhua Agriculture and Animal Husbandry under the Tangrenshen Group has built an orchard building breeding base that can realize carbon recycling. The base covers an area of 91.5 mu, with a total construction area of 80,000 square meters, and a total investment of 200 million yuan. Yuan, the project scale is 11,200 sows, which can produce 250,000 piglets per year.
The breeding base is equipped with a treatment plant and an organic fertilizer processing plant that can process 600 tons of sewage per day.
After anaerobic and aerobic treatment, the sewage is recycled in the base as a deodorizing water source to achieve zero discharge of sewage containing nitrogen and oxygen compounds.
After fermented, the excrement of live pigs forms organic fertilizer for local farmers. The biogas produced by fermentation is used by local residents, which better locks the carbon emissions in the pig breeding industry, and realizes the carbon cycle in the breeding base and supporting facilities.
Inspired by Tangrenshen Group's carbon emission reduction work across the entire industry chain, Xiangjia, a leading company in chilled yellow feather broilers, is also actively exploring ways to reduce carbon emissions.
While implementing standardized feed and centralized farming, Xiangjia has formed assistance with local citrus growers in Shimen, Hunan to treat chicken manure harmlessly into organic fertilizer for use in citrus planting bases, aiming to try carbon recycling. Feasible path.
The blue carbon industry is worth trying first
While listed companies in the aquaculture industry are earnestly exploring opportunities for carbon emission reduction in all links of the industry chain, domestic scholars have turned their attention to the vast ocean.
Jiao Nianzhi, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: “The ocean is the largest carbon pool in the earth system. The ocean carbon pool is 50 times that of the atmosphere and 20 times that of terrestrial ecosystems. 95% of the organic carbon in the ocean is dissolved organic carbon, and the carbon storage cycle is about 5000. Years. Marine fishery production activities can promote aquatic organisms to absorb carbon dioxide in water bodies, and by harvesting seafood to remove carbon out of the water body to form a negative emission effect. Compared with forest carbon sinks, marine carbon sinks have larger carbon storage and longer storage time. , And it does not occupy land resources, and the input and output are more economical than carbon sink forests."
Jiao Nianzhi also said that China has long coastline resources and abundant marine waters, and China is also a large mariculture country, with its aquaculture area and output ranking first in the world.
With breakthroughs in key technologies such as modern three-dimensional aquaculture and far-reaching sea aquaculture, the vast sea area has huge spatial potential.
By screening high-efficiency varieties, China can build a sustainable growth model of ocean carbon sinks, and the future of the blue carbon industry can be expected.
On March 25, Zhangzidao replied to investors on Hudongyi: “According to expert research, the cultivation of marine shellfish and other algae can remove, reuse or store carbon. The company explores the development of carbon sink fisheries based on its unique industrial model. , To practice the concept of low-carbon environmental protection.” It is worth mentioning that as early as 2011, Zhangzidao has calculated that marine shellfish have the ability to fix carbon, and a marine shellfish can fix more than 30 grams in its entire life cycle. For organic carbon, its carbon fixation effect and carbon fixation speed are better than afforestation.
The aforementioned brokerage analysts analyzed to the "Securities Daily" reporter how the blue carbon industry broke the topic: "The domestic marine carbon sinks and fisheries carbon sinks research work started early. The international and domestic academic circles generally believe that there are huge biological carbon pumps in the ocean. Organisms-algae organisms-shellfish organisms-crustaceans-fishes together constitute this huge and sophisticated biological carbon pump, which can capture and fix a huge amount of carbon dioxide from the air. From the perspective of this biological chain, artificial reef construction , Shellfish farming, shrimp and crab farming, and fish farming can all contribute to net carbon sinks. Among them, artificial reefs can not only restore the offshore ecology, but also have the reputation of'submarine afforestation'. At present, they just lack authoritative carbon sink statistics and methods. Carbon sink calculation method. Now there are many underwater detection methods and observation equipment, and a large number of companies have been engaged in the development and production of underwater cameras and underwater robots. The artificial reef-building position is relatively fixed, and the growth status of marine organisms can be recorded and compared at any time. The sink calculation method can be compared with the carbon sink forest. Relevant national departments and related enterprises can make first attempts to solve the problem of artificial reef-building net carbon sinks to help China's blue carbon industry set sail smoothly."
"Securities Daily" reporters learned from Sunward Intelligence that as early as 2010, Sunward Intelligence had begun to develop wetland excavators and water excavators. Among them, the wetland excavator adopted high-buoyancy patented technology, which can be used on land, swamp soft ground and shallow water areas. operation.
In the test deep water area in front of the new headquarters building of Sunward Intelligent, a SWE150ESD wetland excavator is undergoing an excavation operation test.
Sunward Intelligent Secretary Wang Jian told the "Securities Daily" reporter: "This SWE150ESD wetland excavator is based on the innovation and upgrade of the traditional wetland excavator. We have been engaged in the development of special wetland excavators and water excavators for many years. It is sold at home and abroad and has been well received by customers in the Philippines. Wetland excavators and water excavators have strict waterproof measures and can be directly driven into the water for construction. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is an important position for our project construction, and the local area has long and tortuous The coastline is suitable for artificial reef building, mangrove planting, and offshore wetland construction. As long as the state orders, we are always ready."