Constructing an integrated monitoring system of "heaven, earth and air", the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park——
Technology protects harmonious coexistence (Beautiful China National Park has been established for one year ③)
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The Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park straddles the two provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang, with a forest coverage rate of 97.74%. Since its official establishment in October last year, the distribution and number of tiger and leopard populations in the park have achieved steady growth.
In recent years, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has continuously promoted the construction of an integrated monitoring system of "sky, earth and air", explored the informatization and intelligent management mode of natural resources in national parks, and strived to achieve a win-win situation of ecological protection and improvement of people's livelihood.
In early winter, the hinterland of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park in Hunchun City, Jilin Province is very quiet.
Here, through a mobile phone, you can know which areas have recently appeared wild animals such as Siberian tigers, Siberian leopards, and sika deer.
This is due to the "sky, earth and sky" integrated monitoring system built by the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park.
"The 'Tiandikong' integrated monitoring system realizes the real-time video transmission of Siberian tigers and leopards in the wild. This brand-new information-based and intelligent management mode of natural resources in national parks can better help the construction of national parks." National Forestry and Grass Administration Feng Limin, deputy director of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard Monitoring and Research Center and head of the field work of the Tiger and Leopard Research Team of Beijing Normal University, said.
Carry out scientific research cooperation and explore the establishment of an integrated monitoring system of "space, ground and air"
"Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park is located mostly in high mountains, remote geographical location, and weak transportation infrastructure." Feng Limin said that within 10 years since 2005, the tiger and leopard research team of Beijing Normal University has been in the deep mountains and dense forests in Jilin and eastern Heilongjiang. During the period, 3000 infrared cameras were installed.
Professor Ge Jianping, the founder of the tiger and leopard research team of Beijing Normal University, who was the vice president of Beijing Normal University at the time, was also thinking over and over again about the technical support to be more suitable for related protection work.
In the autumn of 2016, Ge Jianping led Feng Limin and other team members to drive around the area where the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park is now located.
"For 7 days, I walked through the mountains and forests to find answers in the forest." Feng Limin recalled that along the way, a kind of "black pole" was erected along the way.
Everyone got out of the car to observe, and found that these "black poles" were erected for the purpose of fiber-optic access in the "Village-to-Village" project of radio and television.
"It feels like the 'key' can be found at once." Feng Limin said that the extensive coverage of the optical fiber system means that the national park informatization has a ready-made "highway trunk road".
The cooperation began soon. The Hubao Research Team of Beijing Normal University and related media units conducted interdisciplinary innovative technology research and development. At the same time, they cooperated with dozens of domestic high-tech companies to finally explore the successful adaptation and application of the 700 MHz wireless frequency band in the forest environment. , Completed the research and development of a series of key components and equipment such as real-time transmission ecological monitoring equipment, terminal communication modules and interfaces, and management platforms.
Since its opening in February 2018, the coverage of the natural resources monitoring system of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has continued to expand, and it has gradually developed into an integrated monitoring system of "heaven, earth and air" with comprehensive coverage.
On the way into the mountain, Feng Limin pointed to a tower on the top of the mountain in the distance and said that this was a forestry fire prevention observation tower in the past, and now it is equipped with the base station antenna of the "sky, earth and sky" integrated monitoring system of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park.
Of the 95 base stations built so far, more than 60 have used existing forestry fire prevention observation towers, which not only saves a lot of money, but also protects vegetation to the greatest extent.
At the same time, this system is also equipped with and integrated fireproof electronic eyes, which can realize unmanned intelligent duty around the clock.
Up to now, the "Tiandikong" integrated monitoring system has installed more than 20,000 field monitoring terminals such as wireless infrared cameras that can transmit in real time, and has transmitted and identified images of Siberian tigers and leopards in real time for more than 30,000 times.
Maintain the monitoring system to improve the efficiency of daily patrol and management
In the early morning light, Han Changxue, a villager in Sidaogou Village, Chunhua Town, Hunchun City, has already picked up his backpack, lunch box and water bottle, and started his day's work with several villagers in the same village.
"We go out on patrol every morning and come back at two or three in the afternoon." Han Changxue said.
Han Changxue, who has been farming for decades, joined the peasant patrol team organized by the village last year and became a patrolman.
After professional training, he has been able to skillfully remove hunting traps, identify animal activity tracks, and participate in and assist the research team in some scientific research work.
"Just a few days ago, when we were patrolling in the mountains, we heard the cry of a leopard." Han Changxue said, "We stopped immediately and slowly backed out of this mountain forest." Han Changxue said that the significance of patrolling lies in To protect wild animals, of course, we must also protect our own safety.
In the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, more than 6,800 rangers shuttle through the dense forest to protect wild animals.
More and more local people have also joined in to protect the green water and green mountains in front of their homes.
The "sky, earth and air" integrated monitoring system has effectively improved the efficiency of daily patrol and management.
The joint dispatch command center can combine the intelligent analysis results of big data to issue multiple monitoring and management instructions to help multiple front-line teams in the field complete relevant tasks in an orderly manner according to the instructions.
"In recent years, we have participated in more than 580 large and small maintenance work, repairing and replacing field digital communication equipment, base station antennas, and power supply equipment, and fully ensuring the normal operation of the monitoring system." Responsible for the maintenance of the integrated monitoring system of "Heaven, Earth and Air" Introduced by the person in charge of the relevant unit.
Through the power of science and technology, to achieve a win-win situation in ecological protection and improvement of people's livelihood
In the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, you can often see warning signs saying "Tigers and Leopards Infested, Pay Attention to Safety".
Next to a big and sturdy tree, the reporter found an infrared camera erected here.
"In order to protect the safety of life and production of the villagers, we will set up infrared cameras and other equipment around the village where tigers and leopards may appear to give villagers real-time warnings." Feng Limin said.
Infrared cameras are also deployed near the kiwi fruit planting industry demonstration park outside Sidaogou Village, Chunhua Town, Hunchun City.
In 2017, with the support of the town and the technical guidance provided by Yanbian University, Sidaogou Village planted kiwifruit.
"This used to be a wasteland, but now it is an important industry in the village." Tan Changji, the village party secretary, took out his mobile phone and said that with real-time monitoring, he can see the orchard in real time at home. When wild animals such as tigers and leopards pass by, he can also get early warning.
"The construction of national parks can achieve a win-win situation of ecological protection and improvement of people's livelihood through the power of science and technology," Feng Limin said.
Since its completion, the integrated monitoring system of "Heaven, Earth and Air" in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has produced a large amount of monitoring data. These data will provide rich resources for the next step in the community around the national park to carry out activities such as nature education, leisure experience, etc., and support local transformation. Provide strong support for the development of sustainable industries such as ecotourism.
"The completion of the 'sky, earth and air' integrated monitoring system of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has laid a solid foundation for promoting the modernization of the management system and management capabilities of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park." The scientific and technological support model of nature reserves, which can be used for reference, can be promoted, and can be replicated, has now been gradually promoted and applied in Qilian Mountains National Park, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park and other natural reserves.
Under the protection of science and technology, the populations of wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards in the Siberian Tiger and Leopard National Park are growing rapidly.
The number of Siberian tigers and Amur leopards has increased from 27 and 42 in 2015 to more than 50 and 60 at present, respectively, and the adult rate of Siberian tiger cubs has increased from 33% before the pilot to more than 50% at present.
Reporter Meng Haiying Zheng Zhiwen