Tuesday's decision was against a law in Coahuila, a state on the border with Texas, which made abortion a criminal act.
But HD's assessment is now expected to be prejudicial to all the country's states.
- This is a historic event when it comes to women's rights, says judge Luis Maria Aguilar.
Four states allow
At present, only four Mexican states, Mexico City, Oaxaca, Veracruz and Hidalgo, allow abortion in most circumstances.
In the country's other 28 states, abortion is punishable.
According to a UN report, half a million illegal abortions are performed in Mexico each year, of which more than 2,000 women die as a result of unsafe procedures.
The Catholic Church opposed
The Catholic Church in Mexico and most Latin American countries has a great deal of influence over society and politics, and their position has always been strongly against abortion.
Last year, Argentina became the fourth country in South America to allow abortions after Uruguay, Guyana and French Guiana.
In Central America, Belize, Cuba and Puerto Rico also have permissive abortion laws.
Most other countries allow abortion if the woman's life is in danger, but there are also countries where all abortion is completely forbidden.
In El Salvador, a woman can be sentenced to up to 50 years in prison for abortion.