To build the cornerstone of language and writing for national development
The charm of a country's culture and the cohesion of a nation are mainly expressed and transmitted through language.
The language and writing business has the characteristics of foundation, overall, social and universal. It is an important supporting force for the country's comprehensive strength. It is related to the improvement of the national quality and the all-round development of people, the national unity and ethnic unity, and the history and culture. Inheritance and economic and social development have an important position and role in the national development strategy.
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, my country’s language and writing undertakings have developed vigorously, which has greatly promoted the country’s economic construction and the development of social undertakings such as education, science and technology, and culture. It has played an irreplaceable role in maintaining national unity and ethnic unity, improving national quality and social civilization. Important role.
Up to now, the nationwide penetration rate of Putonghua in my country has reached 80.72%, and the proportion of literate population using standardized Chinese characters has exceeded 95%. The illiteracy rate has dropped from over 80% at the beginning of the founding of New China to less than 4%. The language barrier was basically eliminated.
Play the role of basic support and serve the development of various national undertakings
Since the founding of New China, my country's language work has always played a basic supporting role and served the development of various national undertakings.
At the beginning of the founding of New China, in the face of the construction needs of various industries and the illiteracy rate of adults as high as 80%, the Party Central Committee determined that simplifying Chinese characters, promoting Mandarin, and formulating and implementing the Hanyu Pinyin plan were the three major tasks of language work.
After the reform and opening up, while consolidating and deepening the achievements of the three major tasks, the national language and writing undertaking has made remarkable achievements in promoting the standardization, standardization, informatization and legalization of language and writing.
In 1982, "the state promotes the national standard Mandarin" was written into the constitution.
In 2000, the National Common Language Law was promulgated, further clarifying the legal status of Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as the national common language.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core has attached great importance to language work. General Secretary Xi Jinping has given important instructions and instructions, which has pointed out the direction and provided fundamental follow-up for language work in the new era.
A series of documents and projects have been issued and implemented, marking that the planning and roadmap of the language business has gradually become a reality: in 2012, the "National Medium and Long-term Language and Writing Business Reform and Development Plan Outline (2012-2020)" was released; 2013 In 2016, the State Council issued the "General Standardized Chinese Characters Table", which is the master of the standardization of Chinese characters since the founding of New China; in 2016, issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Development Plan for the National Language and Character Undertaking"; in 2017, the "National Common Language and Characters" The popularization project" was fully launched; in 2017, the Central Office and the Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on the Implementation of the Project for the Inheritance and Development of Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture". After that, special work on the research and application of ancient characters such as oracle bone inscriptions was launched, and the Chinese classic recitation project was officially implemented; In 2018, the "Poverty Alleviation Action Plan (2018-2020)" was published, sounding the clarion call for language poverty alleviation.
Our country’s language and writing business is developing vigorously and has achieved historic achievements:
—— A relatively complete system of language laws and regulations has been formed, and the level of modernization of the governance system and governance capabilities has been significantly improved.
As of the end of 2019, my country's current effective laws, regulations, rules and separate regulations covering the national common spoken and written languages, minority languages and foreign languages used in public places have reached 83.
——The standard of language and writing has been improved day by day, playing an important role in the fields of culture and education, press and publication, information processing and foreign exchanges.
——The inheritance of excellent Chinese language and culture is splendid, the international communication and dissemination of Chinese has developed rapidly, and the protection and development of language resources have achieved positive results, further consolidating the development foundation of the national language and writing industry.
"The Chinese nation's dream of'same writing and language homophony' for thousands of years has been initially realized, creating a successful example of a unified multi-ethnic and multilingual country promoting the national common language." said Tian Xuejun, vice minister of education and director of the National Language Commission.
Promote the popularization of the national common spoken and written language to help alleviate poverty
During the National Day holiday just past, a group of college students from Jiangsu Normal University came to Butuo County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan to carry out the social practice of "Pushing Popularity to Help Alleviate Poverty".
In Xiuguo Village, Laguo Township, students visited the households to investigate the Mandarin level of impoverished households in preparation for teaching.
Ma Agui is a kindergarten teacher in Zhaojue County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan. This year, he participated in the online demonstration training program for teachers in 52 uncapped poverty-stricken counties organized by the Ministry of Education.
The capital, Beijing, and Akto County, Xinjiang, are more than 4,000 kilometers apart. Since July this year, the popularization of poverty alleviation activities have linked teachers from the two places together.
Teachers from the Yumai Township Education School District in Akto County exclaimed: “The hands of 8000 miles apart, the teachers in Beijing gave us careful guidance, which greatly strengthened our confidence in learning Mandarin.” In the recent Mandarin proficiency test, a teacher from Yumai Township Our results have improved by more than 20 points on average.
These are the portrayals of the popular poverty alleviation action.
To help the poor, first help the wisdom, and first speak the language.
Vigorously popularizing the national standard spoken and written language is the core task of the language work in the new era.
In recent years, the promotion of popularization has further focused on rural areas, remote areas and ethnic regions, and bilingual teaching and training in ethnic regions have been strengthened. The popularization initiatives have become more diverse and more effective.
With the joint efforts of all parties, the popularization and popularization of the national standard spoken and written language has continued to deepen, and remarkable results have been achieved. The popularization of the standard spoken and written language in ethnic minority areas has greatly increased.
Learning Mandarin improves people’s real sense of gain.
"Mandarin is a way for me. After I learn Mandarin, I can communicate with more guests, and the days are getting more and more prosperous!" said Yu Wulin, a farmer in Fugong County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan.
"Learning Mandarin well can understand the outside world, have better development, and enjoy a better life." said Sonan Renqing, an educator in Geji County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet.
Nowadays, the promotion of popularization in deeply impoverished areas has been significantly accelerated. The number of poor people, especially young and middle-aged laborers, who do not understand Mandarin has been declining. The ability of poor people to communicate and interact in Mandarin has been significantly enhanced, and their desire for entrepreneurship and employment has become stronger.
The promotion of the national common spoken and written language has played an irreplaceable role in safeguarding national unity, promoting national unity and social development, strengthening exchanges and blending of various nationalities, and forging a sense of community of the Chinese nation.
Inherit the excellent Chinese language and culture and enhance the soft power of national culture
At present, the 2nd Chinese Classics Reciting and Speaking Contest hosted by the Ministry of Education and the National Language Commission is in full swing, and some works are shown during the National Day.
Inheriting and spreading the excellent Chinese language and culture is a new starting point for language work in the new era.
In recent years, a group of data and a project have embodied the measures and achievements of the inheritance and dissemination of language and culture.
Implement the Chinese classic recitation project, hold the Chinese classic recitation and lecture contest, send classics to the grassroots level and other activities, build the "Chinese Classics Resource Library" nearly 400 episodes of 12,000 minutes of video resources, and organize online training for thousands of Chinese classics recitation teachers and 1,000 Face-to-face training for key teachers.
The "Chinese Poetry Conference" and other language and cultural brand programs have been viewed by more than 3 billion people in recent years. The Chinese Language Resources Protection Project has been implemented. In the past five years, more than 1,700 Chinese dialects and minority languages have been systematically collected and sorted out in more than 1,700 survey points across the country.
Build a Chinese language resource database and a collection and display platform, gather 123 languages and more than 10 million local dialect data across the country to become the world's largest language resource database; implement the Chinese thought and culture terminology dissemination project, organize and translate Chinese thought and culture terms, And it has been widely disseminated domestically and internationally; a special project on Oracle research and application was launched. In 2017, Oracle was selected into the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. In 2019, a series of commemorative activities for the 120th anniversary of Oracle discovery was successfully held.
At the same time, language exchanges and cooperation have been continuously strengthened.
The Putonghua proficiency test in Hong Kong and Macao has been implemented for more than 120,000 people in the past 20 years, and more than 1,000 Putonghua teachers have been trained for Hong Kong and Macao.
Since 2010, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait have cooperated in the compilation of Chinese language reference books. At present, nearly 10 dictionaries including "Cross-Strait Dictionary" have been published, and the "Chinese Language Knowledge Base" website has been jointly established.
Chinese and foreign language exchanges and cooperation are getting closer.
In 2014, the World Language Conference was successfully held and the "Suzhou Consensus" was proposed.
In 2018, the World Language Resources Protection Conference was successfully held and the "Yuelu Declaration" was issued.
As of the end of 2019, more than 60 countries around the world have included Chinese in their national education systems, and more than 80,000 schools of all levels and types have conducted Chinese education. The number of students has exceeded 25 million. The number of people studying and using Chinese in countries other than China is about 110 million.
During the interview, some scholars said that looking back on the development of the language and writing industry, many valuable experiences have been accumulated.
Always adhere to the party’s leadership of the language and writing industry to ensure that the language and writing industry develops in the correct political direction; always adhere to the center to serve the overall situation, and comprehensively improve the ability of the language industry to serve economic and social development; always adhere to the people-centered and practical maintenance The main status of the people; always adhere to the law of development, based on the basic national conditions of our country, and keep up with the development of the times; always adhere to the rule of law, improve the language laws and regulations system, and build a language governance pattern of joint construction, management and sharing.
"These experiences are hard-won, and we must cherish them, stick to them for a long time, and continue to deepen them." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said that at present, facing the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the world's unprecedented changes in a century, and the economic and social development With new demands, China’s language and writing industry will further play a unique role and make greater contributions to building a well-off society in an all-round way, realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, forging a sense of the Chinese nation’s community, and building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Our reporter Zhao Nana Wu Yue