According to the Kremlin, Putin drew attention to the sharp activation of terrorist groups.
At the same time, the conversation emphasized "the need for rigorous implementation of the Russian-Turkish agreements on Idlib," which envisage building up joint efforts to neutralize terrorists.
"It was agreed to take urgent measures, primarily through the ministries of defense of Russia and Turkey, in order to further increase the effectiveness of coordination in Syria," the statement said.
The parties also reaffirmed their support for the inter-Syrian dialogue within the framework of the Constitutional Committee in Geneva.
Earlier, Erdogan called on Russian leader Vladimir Putin to help stop the attacks in the de-escalation zone in Syrian Idlib.
As Putin emphasized, Moscow and Ankara, as guarantors of the Astana process, are making efforts to normalize the situation in Syria.