China News Service Client, Beijing, June 9 (Reporter Zhang Ni) Recently, there were reports that there were shortages of rabies vaccine supply in Hebei, Anhui and other places, and some people even sought medical treatment across the province for a shot of the vaccine.

　　Is the rabies vaccine really "out of stock"? Why is there a supply shortage? After being bitten by a dog, how should we deal with it effectively? A series of issues became the focus of public opinion.

The Shijiazhuang City Center for Disease Control issued a notice saying that in recent years, several counties (cities, districts) have been experiencing tight supply and cut-off of rabies vaccine.

Rabies vaccine "hard to find a needle" Members of the public inter-provincial " rattrapante "

　　In order to get a shot of rabies vaccine, Shijiazhuang citizens had to take the high-speed rail to Beijing. Recently, this report of people seeking rabies vaccine across provinces has caused public concern.

　　Such incidents are not uncommon recently. According to public reports, rabies vaccine shortages have recently occurred in Yunnan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Shandong.

　　The shortage of vaccines has also been officially confirmed.

　　On the 4th of this month, the Handan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Hebei released news that since 2019, the city, like many other parts of the country, has experienced a shortage of rabies vaccine supply in multiple counties. At present, the city has communicated with multiple parties for the supply of goods.

　　On the 6th, the Shijiazhuang Disease Control Center also issued an announcement saying that in recent years, several counties (cities, districts) have experienced tight supply and cut off of rabies vaccine.

　　The above announcement also mentioned that despite the active communication in Shijiazhuang City and various sources of supply, the supply of human rabies vaccine cannot be effectively alleviated in the short term, and some counties (cities and districts) are still out of stock, resulting in many rabies vaccination clinics The vaccination service cannot be provided normally.

　　In addition, relevant health departments in Henan, Anhui and other places have also responded to the media that, due to the impact of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic prevention and control and the production capacity of human rabies vaccine manufacturers, a few months ago, there has been a serious shortage of human rabies vaccine.

Data map: The convoy for vaccine transportation departs from the Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control. China News Service reporter Liu Ranyang

Why is the vaccine "out of stock"?

　　Why is there a shortage of rabies vaccine in the near future?

　　The reporter consulted relevant materials and reports and found that the vaccine out of stock was caused by multiple reasons.

　　Usually, after entering the summer, due to the hot weather, the animals are irritable and easy to hurt. In the past years, the number of doctors who have been bitten and injured by cats and dogs in various hospitals in summer will increase significantly, so the demand for rabies vaccine will increase significantly.

　　In addition, some special reasons have also caused problems in recent vaccine production and supply.

　　Some analysis pointed out that because the enterprises failed to resume production in time during the epidemic, the production and distribution of vaccines were affected. As early as the end of April this year, Jiang Deyong, chief of the acute infectious disease prevention and immunization planning section of the Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, introduced to the media that the rate of approval issued by some production enterprises, production equipment upgrades, production suspension and rectification and the China Procuratorate's approval was reduced. Due to factors such as slowness, the supply of rabies vaccines throughout the country and the province is not optimistic this year, and the supply is in short supply.

　　In addition, the staff of enterprises that produce rabies vaccines revealed to the media that there are only 7 companies with rabies vaccine production qualifications in the country. The output of all enterprises has not decreased. On the contrary, since 2018, continuous improvement of technology to improve production, but it is still difficult to fill the total shortage caused by the reduction of production enterprises.

　　In addition to the above reasons, there are still places where the quantity of vaccine procurement is unbalanced. Staff of the Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control recently told the media that due to the imbalance in the amount of vaccine purchased, there are many places and few places, so where there is no vaccine, it is necessary to go to a nearby place to vaccinate, causing inconvenience to patients.

Data map: rabies vaccine. China News Service reporter Liu Ranyang

Some regions began to supplement procurement

　　To cope with the current shortage of vaccines, some provinces have made clear that they will make supplementary purchases.

　　For example, in March this year, the Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Prevention issued the “Announcement on Supplementary Procurement of Human Rabies Vaccine for 2020” in Anhui Province.

　　According to the announcement, due to the recent impact of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic prevention and control and the production capacity of human rabies vaccine production enterprises, there is a serious shortage of human rabies vaccine in Anhui. To ease the shortage of the vaccine supply, the center plans to purchase vaccines that have not been included in the province's non-immunization plan. People in the catalogue make supplemental purchases with rabies vaccine varieties.

　　In addition, the Shaanxi Provincial Pharmaceutical Machinery Centralized Purchasing Platform has also published the “Announcement on Types and Specifications of Human Rabies Vaccine Supplements” on May 6 to include part of the product regulations of vaccine supplements in the 2019 Shaanxi Provincial Class 2 Vaccine Competitive Consultation The results were entered into the catalogue to solve the shortage of rabies vaccine for people in the province.

Data Map: Pet Dog

You need to know this knowledge about rabies!

——What is rabies?

　　Relevant popular science articles from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention show that rabies is an acute encephalitis caused by the genus Rabies virus, which is divided into "manic" and "paralytic" according to clinical manifestations. The typical clinical manifestations of the former are extreme fear, Fear of water, fear of wind, pharyngeal muscle spasm, difficulty breathing, difficulty urinating and defecating, and sweating and salivation, etc., the latter is most common in limbs with paralysis.

　　The incubation period of rabies is usually 1-3 months, and the incidence within a week or more than 1 year is extremely rare. Once rabies patients become ill, almost 100% die. Rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease. Globally, more than 99% of human rabies is caused by dogs. Although rabies is lethal, it can be effectively prevented.

——What measures are generally included in the treatment of rabies exposure?

　　The prevention and treatment of rabies exposure includes thorough cleaning and flushing of the wound, timely and full course of rabies vaccine, and infiltration of rabies immune globulin around the wound if necessary.

　　Washing the wound thoroughly can reduce the virus at the wound. Vaccination can induce the body to produce antibodies, thereby reducing the risk of the virus entering the peripheral nerves. The role of rabies immunoglobulin is to provide passive immunity and neutralize the rabies virus at the wound site before the vaccine-induced antibodies are produced.

　　It should be reminded that the rabies vaccine is not just a shot, but it takes about 1 month to complete the immunization. It must be vaccinated strictly according to the law of time and cannot be interrupted!

　　At present, there are two types of vaccines: "5 stitches" and "4 stitches". The 5-needle method is to inoculate one dose on the day of exposure and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after exposure, for a total of 5 doses. The "4 stitches" or "2-1-1" procedure: 2 doses on the day of exposure (1 dose each on the deltoid muscle of the left and right upper arms), 1 dose on the 7th and 21st days after exposure, a total of 4 doses.

News Agency reporter Liu Xinshe

——I have been vaccinated against rabies in the past. Do I need to be vaccinated if it is exposed again?

　　Within 3 months (including 3 months) after the last injection of the last rabies vaccination procedure is completed, it is exposed again without booster immunization. Those who are exposed again for more than 3 months need to receive one dose of vaccine on day 0 and day 3. Those who have completed at least two doses of rabies vaccine (except for bone marrow transplant patients) will not need to use rabies immunoglobulin in the future. It should be reminded that after any exposure, the normal wound treatment should be carried out in time.

——If a certain injection is delayed, how to inoculate the subsequent injections?

　　When a certain injection is delayed by one day or several days, the subsequent injection time will be extended accordingly according to the original immunization program interval, without re-vaccination. For the vaccination after exposure, the entire vaccination should be completed in strict accordance with the procedure time. The completion of the first 3 injections within a week is extremely important for rapid antibody production.

——How to prevent rabies?

　　Globally, more than 99% of human rabies is caused by dogs. In China, human rabies is mainly caused by dogs, followed by cats. In endemic areas, large-scale dog immunization reaches 70% of the immunization coverage, which can block the spread of rabies in animals and save human life.

　　In order to prevent rabies, people should keep dogs in a civilized manner and vaccinate domestic dogs and cats in a timely manner, and don’t give up easily; walk cats and dogs with a leash to reduce harm to others; learn to be friendly with cats and dogs and understand the dogs and cats Body language; if bitten by cats or dogs, go to the dog injury clinic in time for rabies exposure prevention and treatment.