Fuzhou's innovative management mechanism for precise protection and repair

Keep the story of each ancient 厝 (decoding · relic protection)

Our reporter Zhong Ziwei

Core reading

In the years of more than 2200 years, many ancient concubines have been left in Fuzhou. Through the census of historical buildings, Fuzhou found out its family base, protected and restored according to local conditions, so that the ancient people could not only retain cultural memories, but also integrate into modern life.

Today, Fuzhou has begun a new round of protection and improvement of ancient crickets. With the continuous expansion of the protection scope and the continuous innovation of management mechanisms, more and more old houses and old districts in this city are blooming with new glory.

The southeast borders the sea and the Jinjiang River with lakes. Since its establishment in Fuzhou, Fuzhou has left a lot of ancient heritage for more than 2200 years. An old house records history, carries nostalgia, and is engraved with Fuzhou's unique cultural genes.

From March 12th, Fuzhou Gulou District took the lead in implementing the "Gu Long System", implementing a four-level Gu Yuan protection management mechanism for district-level Gu Chang, street town Gu Chang, community Gu Chang and responsible units,厝 Protection is provided by a person in charge, supervision measures, assessment methods, and long-term mechanisms. Taking the opportunity of the 44th World Heritage Conference, which will be held here this year, a new round of protection and promotion of ancient crickets has begun in Fuzhou. From finding out the family to activating protection, more and more ancient magpies are blooming in new glory.

Find out the family, accurately repair, retain cultural characteristics

The eaves are soaring and the white walls are gray tiles. Several residential houses during the period of the Republic of China were built in Jianxin Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City. From July 2019 to September 27, it opened in just two months. Several ancient buildings have been restored as before. Among them, Chen Qiyu has also been transformed into a new Taiyu Rural Museum.

Pushing Chen Qizhen's door open as if you can see the past and present of Jianxin Town. Bonsai, lacquerware, jasmine, and comb are the four traditional industries of advantage in the town. They are shown here with pictures, pictures and objects, which are impressive. Take a walk around the museum, the changes in the town's style, history, and local products are in sight. "This is the first rural museum in Fuzhou, and the backyard is transformed into a farmhouse. Hundreds of students come to read and study here every week." Gong Zhangnian, technical director of the rural museum and deputy director of the Fujian Museum, proudly introduced. Today, the construction of the New Taiyu Village Museum has become another cultural landmark in Cangshan District.

As a national historical and cultural city, since 2006, Fuzhou has identified and announced a total of 654 historic buildings and 4 outstanding modern buildings. "Behind the numbers, each ancient urn has a unique story." Said Yang Yong, director of the Management Committee of Fuzhou's Historical and Cultural City. Therefore, the protection and restoration of ancient puppets must be adapted to local conditions and respect history, not only to retain form, but also to retain the essence of culture, to avoid "one thousand people" and lose its characteristics. Fuzhou continues to improve the level of fineness, and uses the "embroidery" technique to carry out the protection of ancient badgers.

Accurate repair starts with finding out the family. In 2017, Fuzhou was included in the first batch of pilot cities for the protection and utilization of historical buildings in the country, and it took the lead in launching a census of historical buildings in the whole province, which initially formed the city's historical building census resource database.

Technology helps make the protection of Guru more accurate and efficient. In 2018, the Fuzhou Famous City Protection Management Platform System (Phase 1) project was launched, with a construction scale covering 2,769 square kilometers of the entire city center. Through the informationization of Fuzhou Famous City resource data, further integration of resources was achieved, and the family base was clearer.

Film protection, activation and utilization, integrated into modern life

"Who knows that Wu Liu is a lonely guest, but lives in Sanfang Qixiang." If you are looking for Fuzhou's most representative city card, Sanfang Qixiang is well deserved. Located in the center of Fuzhou City, three squares and seven lanes, with South Back Street as the center axis, 10 square lanes are arranged in parallel from east to west, and the lanes in the middle are connected to form a checkerboard pattern with lanes and lanes in the square. The better-built Ming and Qing architectures are known as the "Lifang system living fossils" and "Ming and Qing architecture museums"; Lin Zexu, Yan Fu, Lin Juemin, Bingxin ... countless modern Chinese celebrities who walked out of the three lanes and seven lanes make people sigh "Three Fang Qixiang, half of modern Chinese history. "

The protection and transformation of Sanfang Qixiang has always focused on fully exploring cultural connotations. Since September 2005, a large number of experts have gone deep into Sanfang Qixiang and carried out large-scale investigations. In 2007, Sanfang Qixiang Protection, Rehabilitation and Relocation work was started in full swing. The principle of “unchanging the appearance and appearance” and the steps of “progressive, micro-circulation, small-scale, non-stop” are organized and implemented; combined with the protection of non-heritage, Fujian Non-heritage Expo Garden becomes the first group of residents after the reconstruction of Sanfang Qixiang The intangible vitality display mode of "Old House Sunbathing Technique" is very eye-catching ...

Coming from a heavy history, today's Sanfang Qixiang has a new positioning: "urban living room" showing the culture of Mindu. "Protection in use, use in protection." Lin Sheng, deputy general manager of Fuzhou Sanfang Qixiang Conservation and Development Co., Ltd. introduced that, adhering to the concept of dynamic protection, Sanfang Qixiang gradually opened up as an exhibition center and exchange of Fuzhou traditional culture. The platform and the cultural and creative industry base are integrated into modern life on the basis of continuing the original functions of historical buildings, and have become a new model for the protection of cultural heritage in Mindu.

"At present, improving the quality of the overall format is the focus of the work of the district." Lin Sheng said that by increasing the supply of leisure and vacation and cultural creative products, promoting the boutique culture and specialization of the district's culture and business, Sanfang Qixiang is making every effort to create a cultural and leisure tourism brand. The annual number of tourists received has exceeded 10 million people for many years.

In November 2019, the "Fuzhou City New Round of Work for the Protection and Promotion of Ancient Cormorants" was implemented. Represented by Sanfang Qixiang, the 15 characteristic historical and cultural blocks in Fuzhou have been carefully planned, protected and restored, and have been opened before the Spring Festival in 2020. 51 traditional old streets and lanes protection and renovation are fully completed, and they are transformed into streets and lanes that carry the memory of the old city and have both fashion and vitality. "Activation and utilization is the most powerful protection." Yang Yong said, "To inherit the history and culture of Mindu, we must not only keep the ancients but also make them live."

Lu Zhou, director of the Tsinghua University National Heritage Center, who has visited Fuzhou many times and participated in the protection of cultural heritage such as Sanfang Qixiang and Wuta, said that from protecting Sanfang Qixiang to creating 15 historical and cultural blocks, Fuzhou has achieved The upgrading of urban architecture to film protection has gratified the overall atmosphere of many cultural heritages.

Social participation and talent development

"To mobilize various forces to participate in the protection of ancient puppets, we must narrow the distance between Fuzhou's history and culture and the people, fully tap the cultural heritage clues that are close to the daily life of the citizens, and bring the city's history and culture into the daily lives of the citizens ..." The Provincial Party Committee said in "Proposals on Strengthening the Display of Fuzhou's Historical and Cultural Features". How to make Gulin popular? How to stimulate social forces and form a protective force? Fuzhou conducted various explorations.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, five ports were open for business, and Fuzhou Yantai Mountain once gathered consulates or agencies in 17 countries and was full of popularity. Switching the lens of the era, now the door is open, and it has become a part of people's daily life. In Qixing Lane, south of Yantai Mountain, there is a three-story western-style building called Linsen Mansion. The readers are endless every weekend. This once quiet provincial cultural relics protection unit is very lively. It turned out that at the end of 2015, it was opened as Fuzhou's first all-public picture book museum, which is open to the public for free, and regularly conducts parent-child interactive activities such as lectures, paintings, and craftsmanship, and has been widely praised.

In terms of the construction of talents for the protection of ancient people, since 2016, Fuzhou has carried out training courses for repairing craftsmen in various types of work such as ancient building woodworking, clay sculpture, masonry, etc., and invited domestic experts and scholars to give courses to trainees, and select qualified candidates for training. There are 215 artisans in the industry. In 2018, Fuzhou also established a database of historical building protection and utilization experts. The first batch of 44 experts in planning, construction, cultural protection and other fields was recommended to participate in the identification of historical buildings, review of repair plans, and construction guidance.

Ongoing new round of protection and improvement actions for ancient puppets in Fuzhou, implemented “announcement of a group of cultural protection units, historic buildings, famous historical and cultural towns and villages, initiated the implementation of a number of key projects for the protection of cultural heritage, carefully organized a number of thematic exhibitions, and completed A batch of cultural heritage protection projects, preparation of a batch of applications for heritage projects "and other 91 tasks. At present, 122 of the 211 Guyu protection and improvement projects have been completed. It is planned that all projects will be basically completed by the end of May.