Release of the first special plan for agricultural green development——
Promote the comprehensive green transformation of agricultural development
Our reporter Qiao Jinliang
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and the National Forestry and Grass Administration have recently jointly issued the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Agricultural Green Development."
This is my country's first special plan for agricultural green development, and has made systematic deployment and specific arrangements for agricultural green development during the 14th Five-Year Plan.
The "Plan" puts forward 11 quantitative indicators in 4 aspects of agricultural green development.
In terms of resource conservation, it is proposed that by 2025 the quality of cultivated land nationwide will reach 4.58, and the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water will reach 0.57.
In terms of environmental protection, the utilization rates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for major crops reached 43%, and the utilization rates of straw, manure and agricultural film reached 86%, 80% and 85% respectively.
In terms of ecological promotion, 14 million acres of degraded farmland has been renovated, and 100 million acres of black land in northeast China have been protected and used.
In terms of increasing supply, the number of green, organic, and geographical indication agricultural products has reached 60,000, and the overall pass rate of routine monitoring of agricultural product quality and safety has reached 98%.
In recent years, various localities have accelerated the transformation of agricultural development methods and vigorously promoted the green development of agriculture.
The protection and utilization of resources have been strengthened, and the total amount of water used in agriculture has been effectively controlled.
Zeng Yande, chief agronomist and director of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that, on the whole, agricultural production methods are still relatively extensive, the supply of green high-quality agricultural products is still insufficient, and the agricultural ecological environment governance is still in the stage of controlling stocks and curbing increments.
Promote the comprehensive green transformation of agricultural development, focusing on "three strengthening and one building", strengthening the protection and utilization of agricultural resources, strengthening the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, strengthening the protection and restoration of agricultural ecology, and building a green and low-carbon agricultural industry chain.
The "three enhancements" focus on agricultural resources and the environment, and the "one build" focuses on building a green agricultural supply chain, which together constitute the core elements of agricultural green development.
How to protect cultivated land for green development of agriculture?
Chen Zhangquan, the first-level inspector of the Farmland Construction Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that it is necessary to promote the "three-in-one" measure of stabilizing quantity, improving quality, and preserving the ecology.
Among them, to improve quality is to carry out large-scale construction of high-standard farmland, implement good farmland quality protection and improvement actions, especially to protect the black land, the "giant panda in the farmland."
Preserving the ecology means managing and restoring the ecology of cultivated land, promoting the combination of land use and cultivation, and promoting the recuperation and sustainable development of cultivated land.
Implement pollution control of cultivated land, and strive to reach a safe utilization rate of about 93% of contaminated cultivated land by 2025.
Compared with ten years ago, emissions from the agricultural sector have achieved "increased production and reduced pollution."
Li Bo, deputy director of the Science and Technology Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, told reporters that the structural pressure on agricultural non-point source pollution is still relatively high.
On the one hand, the total amount of pollution emissions is relatively large.
The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is still at a high level, the amount of manure produced by livestock and poultry breeding is large, and the treatment facilities of farms below scale are not perfect.
On the other hand, the long-term operating mechanism has not yet been established.
Agricultural non-point source pollution control has a large investment and slow results, and social capital and farmers are not enthusiastic about participating.
It is necessary to promote the reduction of agricultural inputs, clean production, waste recycling, and ecologicalization of the industrial model.
For the green development of agriculture, where does the money come from and where is the focus of investment?
The "Plan" proposes to improve the government's investment incentive mechanism, increase compensation for ecological protection, and increase investment in agricultural green development through multiple channels.
Agriculture and rural departments will carry out green, high-quality and high-efficiency actions, select key counties to build a batch of green, high-quality and high-efficiency production demonstration films, focus on key crops such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar, integrate and assemble new green, high-quality and high-efficiency technologies for the entire process of harvesting, and promote chemical fertilizers. Reduce the amount and increase efficiency, and reduce the use of pesticides.
Promoting emission reduction and carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas is an important part of my country's carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
It involves the reduction of carbon emission in the planting industry, the reduction of carbon emissions in the breeding industry, the energy saving and emission reduction of agricultural machinery, and the green and low-carbon processing and circulation.
According to Zeng Yande, two efforts will be made: one is to reduce carbon emissions, to promote scientific fertilization methods, to improve livestock and poultry breeding management, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions during planting and breeding.
Promote green energy-saving agricultural machinery and reduce fossil energy consumption in agricultural production.
Focus on carbon sequestration, strengthen the management of degraded cultivated land, promote the application of organic fertilizers and return of straw to the field, etc., to increase the carbon sink of farmland.
Develop high-efficiency ecological fisheries such as integrated planting and breeding, fish and vegetable symbiosis, and realize fishery biological carbon sequestration.
Our reporter Qiao Jinliang