Chinanews.com, Beijing, December 12 (Reporter Sun Zifa) Since the National Earthquake Intensity Quick Warning and Early Warning Project (hereinafter referred to as the "National Earthquake Early Warning Project") was approved and implemented in May 2, the construction progress and application results have been attracting much attention.
Recently, the reporter followed the theme interview activity of "high-quality development of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction" organized by the China Earthquake Administration, and successively went to Sichuan and Yunnan for field research and learned that the Sichuan-Yunnan earthquake system efficiently uses scientific and technological means to help the high-quality development of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and promotes the construction of the national earthquake early warning project in an all-round way.
Sichuan: The first in the country to achieve a provincial second-level earthquake early warning
Researcher Su Jinrong, deputy director of the Sichuan Earthquake Observatory, said that in June 2018, the Sichuan Provincial Earthquake Bureau, as the "first and first trial" construction unit of the national earthquake early warning project, initially formed an earthquake early warning output and service capacity at the end of 6 after full efforts, and gradually expanded service channels; In 2019, the project construction task will be basically completed and the trial operation will be carried out; In June 2020, after evaluation, the external demonstration service was officially launched.
Su Jinrong, deputy director of the Sichuan Earthquake Observatory, was interviewed by the media to introduce earthquake early warning technology. Photo by Chinanews reporter Sun Zifa
Sichuan took the lead in building an earthquake early warning system, which led the construction of projects across the country. The five major technical systems completed by the Sichuan sub-project of the National Earthquake Early Warning Project have the ability of second-level earthquake monitoring and early warning, minute-level earthquake parameter quick report, minute-level seismic intensity quick report, emergency earthquake information service ability of tens of millions of users and early warning technology software and hardware testing capabilities, and run through the whole chain business process of "observation-processing-output-release-service" of earthquake early warning.
She said that the construction of the Sichuan sub-project of the National Earthquake Early Warning Project has achieved a number of breakthroughs in the country, including the first in the country to realize the province's second-level earthquake early warning and minute-level seismic intensity rapid reporting capabilities; An emergency earthquake information service system consisting of four levels of "national, provincial, municipal, and county" has been established to form an emergency earthquake information service capability covering a wide range of areas; Actively expand release channels and form tens of millions of user service capabilities.
Su Jinrong pointed out that at present, 3450,105 sets of earthquake early warning terminals (including pilot early warning broadcasting terminals) have been deployed in Sichuan Province, and 4 earthquake warning information of magnitude 6 or above in Sichuan and its surroundings have been successfully produced and issued. Among them, the epicenter of the 1.111 magnitude earthquake in Lushan, Sichuan Province, was 17 kilometers away from Chengdu, and an earthquake warning was issued to Chengdu 6 seconds in advance, the epicenter of the 0.279 magnitude earthquake in Sichuan was 61 kilometers away from Chengdu, and an earthquake warning was issued to Chengdu 6 seconds in advance, and the epicenter of the 8.222 magnitude earthquake in Luding, Sichuan Province, was 45 kilometers away from Chengdu, and an earthquake warning information was issued to Chengdu <> seconds in advance.
The Zigong Fushi Seismic Observatory, which belongs to the Zigong Earthquake Monitoring Center Station of the Sichuan Earthquake Bureau, was built around the community. Photo by Chinanews reporter Sun Zifa
Senior engineer Jing Sheng, deputy director of the Zigong Earthquake Monitoring Center Station of the Sichuan Provincial Earthquake Bureau, revealed that the average operating rate of the earthquake early warning observation station in its jurisdiction was 99.29%, and the 6-magnitude earthquake in Changning, Yibin, Sichuan, the 5.2-magnitude earthquake in Zizhong, Neijiang, and the 6.1-magnitude earthquake in Lushan, Ya'an, all triggered early warning information at the observation stations under the jurisdiction of the central station.
Yunnan: Project acceptance realizes earthquake early warning social services
Senior engineer Gao Yang, deputy director of the Yunnan Earthquake Observatory, told the media that the Yunnan sub-project of the National Earthquake Early Warning Project went through multiple stages such as design, exploration, implementation and trial operation, and completed all construction tasks in May 2021, during which in July 5, the Yunnan Provincial Government established a leading group for the construction of the Yunnan Earthquake Early Warning Project; In July 2019, a joint conference system for the release of earthquake early warning information in Yunnan was established; In November 7, the Yunnan early warning project research team was rated as an advanced collective of the national emergency management system.
The first seismic station in Yunnan Province - Kunming Earthquake Monitoring Center Station, seismic monitoring instruments and equipment in the seismic cave. Photo by Chinanews reporter Sun Zifa
In September 2023, the Yunnan sub-project of the National Earthquake Early Warning Project passed the completion and acceptance, realizing earthquake early warning social services, and the comprehensive service capacity of earthquake monitoring in Yunnan has been comprehensively improved. At the same time, the scope of services has been expanded, and the public services for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction have reached a new level.
Before the construction of the project, the average seismic monitoring capacity of Yunnan Province was 1.6, and the minimum monitoring capacity was 0.9. After the completion of the project, the seismic monitoring capacity of Yunnan Province has been improved to 1.1, and the seismic monitoring capacity of some observation stations in densely populated areas has reached 0.2.
Gao Yang pointed out that the construction content of the Yunnan sub-project of the National Earthquake Early Warning Project includes five subsystems of station observation, data processing, communication network, information release and technical support, and the construction of 5,1660 stations, one provincial earthquake early warning center, and 1 provincial earthquake early warning systems of municipal release platforms.
Among them, the station observation system is the foundation and key link of the national earthquake early warning engineering technology system, the goal is to integrate and transform the existing observation resources, scientifically encrypt the stations, and build an earthquake early warning network including seismic measurement, strong earthquake and intensity observation, the construction scale includes 202 base stations, 228 basic stations, 1230 general stations, and the average distance between the observation stations is about 10 kilometers.
In addition, Yunnan Province has also built an emergency earthquake information service system, to the earthquake relief related units, primary and secondary schools to release earthquake early warning information, and has the ability of television earthquake early warning services, there are currently more than 10000,800 sets of earthquake early warning terminals, covering Yunnan Provincial Government departments, earthquake relief headquarters member units, prefecture-level earthquake departments, primary and secondary schools, power stations, water supply, power supply, transportation and other lifeline industries. At the same time, Yunnan Province has opened up TV early warning information service channels, and there are currently more than 1000 TV early warning users, with the ability to release early warning information to <> million TV users in the province.
Zhong Yusheng, director of the Yunnan Earthquake Warning Center and chief engineer of the early warning project, introduced the principle of earthquake early warning. Photo by Chinanews reporter Sun Zifa
After the 2021.5 magnitude earthquake in Yangbi, Yunnan in May 6, the 4.6 magnitude Shuangbai earthquake in June, the 5.1 magnitude Yingjiang earthquake and the 5.0 magnitude earthquake in Longyang in May 2023, the Yunnan earthquake early warning system responded effectively, and issued early warning information in 5.5 seconds, 2.7 seconds, 6 seconds, and 6 seconds after the earthquake respectively. Disaster reduction has been effective.
Results: Earthquake early warning has been applied in many fields
What is the effectiveness of the construction of the national earthquake early warning project? Its application field and service object are the most experienced. In Sichuan Zigong, Huidong Experimental School is one of the first places in the city to install earthquake early warning terminal equipment, in Sichuan Rongxian 4.9 earthquake, Zizhong 5.2 earthquake, Lushan 6.1 earthquake, Luding 6.8 earthquake, earthquake early warning terminal withstood the actual earthquake test, all issued earthquake early warning information, the school teachers and students staff accordingly carried out orderly evacuation.
Sichuan, Zigong Huidong Experimental School installed in the public activity area of the earthquake early warning terminal, earthquake early warning information release drill. Photo by Chinanews reporter Sun Zifa
As a national demonstration school of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction science, Huidong Experimental School also uses the earthquake early warning terminal to broadcast earthquake prevention and disaster reduction science knowledge on a daily basis, realizes the normalization of earthquake emergency avoidance simulation drills, improves the awareness of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction among teachers and students in the school, enhances the self-rescue and mutual rescue ability of teachers and students, and extends it to the outside school, through "educating a child and influencing a family", and initially realizes the goal of "the last mile" of earthquake early warning information to serve the home and radiate the whole society.
Xiang Jiade, a geography teacher at Weishan No. 2020 Middle School in Dali, Yunnan Province, said that after the school installed a set of earthquake early warning terminals in October 10, the school organized students to carry out earthquake emergency drills in a targeted manner. The orange alert came in handy in May 1, and the school quickly took emergency measures to avoid danger.
This year, Ning'er County National Unity Experimental Primary School has installed a set of wall-mounted earthquake early warning terminals and two loudspeakers, and has carried out three "training on the operation, use and operation and maintenance of earthquake early warning terminal equipment" and two earthquake emergency evacuation drills. She suggested that we should give full play to the disaster reduction effectiveness of the earthquake early warning terminal, including revising and improving the earthquake emergency evacuation plan, strengthening emergency drills, and strengthening the popular science education of earthquake early warning related knowledge, so as to lay the foundation for the earthquake early warning technology system to play a practical role in disaster reduction.
The Sichuan Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps said that the earthquake early warning information service has been connected to its "two wisdom and one map" (intelligent alarm, intelligent command and national fire "one map") system earthquake catastrophe module, as of the time of the reporter's interview, a total of 608 early warning information, 127 earthquake quick report information, further build a solid foundation for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, and play an important role in maintaining the safety of people's lives and property.
The State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company said that the successful application of earthquake early warning data in Sichuan Electric Power has greatly improved the efficiency of emergency repair of the power grid and played an important role in ensuring public safety and stable power supply.
In Kunming, Yunnan Province, the relevant staff of China Tower Yunnan Branch introduced the company's participation in the construction of the earthquake early warning project. Photo by Chinanews reporter Sun Zifa
The Yunnan branches of China Mobile and China Tower not only assume the social responsibility of state-owned enterprises, actively participate in the construction of the national earthquake early warning project, but also benefit from the application of earthquake early warning services as a member of the local society.
In the course of this theme interview activity, many earthquake experts in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces have specially reminded that earthquake early warning is not earthquake forecasting, and earthquake prediction is still a worldwide scientific and technological problem that has not been overcome, and earthquake early warning is to use the speed advantage of electromagnetic waves far exceeding seismic waves after the occurrence of destructive earthquakes, and send early warning information to the target areas affected by seismic waves in the shortest possible time, so as to achieve the purpose of helping people in the target areas to avoid danger and reduce disasters to the greatest extent.
They stressed that "accurate" and "timely" are the key words of earthquake early warning, and accuracy should ensure that early warning information can neither be missed nor sent by mistake, and timely means that the early warning information should be sent in a race against time and seismic waves to "race" against time. (ENDS)