Vondrousova, 24, reached the final of Roland Garros in 2019 but won just two matches on grass in her career coming to Wimbledon this year.
Jabeur, still seeking a Grand Slam title, lost her third major final after Wimbledon and the US Open last year.
With this victory, Vondrousova will reach the best ranking of her career on Monday at 10th place. Until then, his best ranking was 16th in 2019.
She was the first non-seeded Wimbledon finalist in the Open era (since 1968) and first since Billie Jean King in 1963.
While playing her 21st Grand Slam tournament, Vondrousova became the third Czech to win Wimbledon after Jana Novotna and Petra Kvitova.
On Saturday, Jabeur started the match perfectly by immediately managing the break to break away 2-0. But she couldn't hold on to the lead, either this time or when she led 4-2 again.
The 28-year-old Tunisian let slip the next four games and the set, committing many direct faults like the one that gave Vondrousova a break ball at 4-4: a first smash little pressed on her opponent followed by a high forehand volley outside the limits of the court.
For the first time in front of the score, the Czech served for the set at 5-4. And did not hesitate to conclude with a shutout.
Vondrousova made the break of the second set but to a standing ovation from the crowd Jabeur lined up three games (double break) to regain the lead 3-1.
Serious but without making any sparks, Vondrousova came back to 3-3.
As in the first set, the two players came to 4-4 where Jabeur offered the break to Vondrousova who, at 5-4, served this time for the win of the match.
She offered herself three match balls in a row. After spoiling the first on a double fault, she won the second on a volley.
© 2023 AFP