Universities, primary and secondary schools to further promote labor education——

Sow Hope, Reap Fruit (Deep Focus)

Our reporter Ding Ya recited Wu Yue

In September 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed at the National Education Conference that "efforts should be made to build an education system that comprehensively cultivates moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor." In March 9, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Labor Education in Universities, Secondary and Primary Schools in the New Era, making top-level design and comprehensive deployment for labor education in the new era. Labor education is integrated into the whole process of talent training, runs through all sections of primary and secondary schools, and integrates with moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic education to promote the all-round development of students.

Go into the campus farm and plant the hope of spring; Cook a meal to share with friends and family; Participate in practical training and comprehend the spirit of craftsmen... Before and after the "May Day" International Labor Day, schools in various places deeply promote labor education, guide students to sow hope and reap fruits in the hot labor.

—Editor

Feel the beauty of labor in practical experience

【Lens】

"Today, at the school's Star Farm, we learned the Pokasi composting method and made fertilizer with our own hands. The vegetables are first cut into small pieces, then the microflora is added, and then they are placed in a bucket and laid layer by layer. The teacher said that after two weeks, he would be able to make organic fertilizer that could be used to fertilize the vegetables on the farm. Compost kitchen waste, turn waste into treasure, I am very much looking forward to the success of fertilizer production! After the "I Grow Up with Xiaomiao" labor class, Wang Chenxi, a third-grade student at Xinghe Experimental Primary School in Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, wrote in his diary.

In front of the canteen of Xinghe Experimental Primary School, there is a vegetable garden of about 200 square meters. Based on the effects of light and moisture on different plants, the school designed "revolving gardens" – drought-loving plants planted in high places and moist plants planted in low places. "Starting in the spring semester, each child will plant the seeds with their own hands. Under the guidance of the teacher, sowing, watering, fertilizing, and engaged in agricultural labor. Yao Jundan, vice principal of Galaxy Experimental Primary School, said that in the happy labor class, the children not only master the basic labor skills, but also understand nature more and establish a consciousness of protecting the environment.

Allowing students to practice, sweat, be exercised, and temper their will, is a major feature of labor education. The "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Labor Education in Universities, Secondary and Primary Schools in the New Era" puts forward that in the process of labor education, "physical labor should be the mainstay, pay attention to the simultaneous use of hands and brains, be safe and moderate, strengthen practical experience, let students experience the labor process, and improve the effectiveness of education." ”

"Physical labor is the basis of labor." The relevant person in charge of the Textbook Bureau of the Ministry of Education said that in order to prevent the problem of "emphasizing learning, neglecting labor, emphasizing achievements, and neglecting hands" in labor education for a period of time, and avoiding the implementation of labor education simply by teaching knowledge in the classroom, it is necessary to let students experience the labor process and understand the beauty of labor in practice.

In colleges and universities, the practical aspects of labor courses are also becoming more and more abundant. At the Zhuozhou Teaching Experimental Field of China Agricultural University, students from the China Institute of Labor Relations are taking the compulsory course "General Theory of Labor Education", where students learn agricultural planting knowledge and experience modern agricultural facilities.

"I see green wheat seedlings growing in the fields and the latest scientific research results shining!" After participating in labor practice, student Yan Ran Jiachen was deeply moved.

"The effectiveness of labor education is inseparable from in-depth practical guidance." Qu Xia, deputy dean of the School of Labor Education of China Institute of Labor Relations, introduced that the school's labor curriculum focuses on the complementary integration and mutual promotion of theoretical learning and practical experience, guiding students to creatively solve practical problems, enhance the awareness of honest labor, accumulate vocational experience, and improve employment and entrepreneurship ability.

Promote the spirit of labor in the integration of disciplines

【Lens】

In the Tianjin Affiliated Middle School of Beijing Normal University, the three-story red brick building in the corner of the campus is the school's labor education center. Children take labor classes here and have fun with their brains. In the face of a variety of teaching contents such as traditional crafts, smart home, electronic control technology, technology and career exploration, students can freely choose according to their interests.

"Improving the professionalism of labor education, making labor classes more 'technical', and promoting the deep integration of various disciplines with labor education are a major feature of labor education in schools." Jiang Teng, director of the Labor Education Center of Tianjin Affiliated Middle School of Beijing Normal University, said.

Taking the teaching of ancient Chinese history as an example, when talking about irrigation-related knowledge points, the teacher will lead students into the museum, visit and learn the early water drawing tools, pointed bottom pottery vases, hanging buckets, etc., and will also interact with the school's woodworking and craft class, allowing students to make models such as water turnovers.

"We all enjoyed the course." Zhang Xinyu, a sophomore student, said, "In practice, I can appreciate the wisdom and talents of the ancient working people, and I can better understand the value and significance of labor." ”

Is labor education simply sweeping the floor and doing housework? The answer is clearly no. Hao Zhijun, director of the Institute of Curriculum and Teaching of the Chinese Academy of Education Sciences, said that from the essence of labor education, labor is not only the payment and consumption of physical strength, but also contributes to the generation of internal values and the improvement of rational thinking.

In labor education in the new era, it is necessary to earnestly solve the problem of "no education with labor." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said that labor education is "one education", not just "one lesson", not only to open a special course of labor education, but also to penetrate the whole subject, integrate the ideological concept of labor education into the whole process of education and teaching, and cultivate students' labor feelings, labor ability and labor quality.

Taking vocational education as an example, the compulsory courses of labor special education in vocational colleges are mainly designed around the spirit of labor, the spirit of model workers, and the spirit of craftsmen. Guo Tianping, Secretary of the Party Committee of Chongqing Industrial Vocational and Technical College, introduced that the school organized and implemented labor courses in modules. For example, in the module "Shang Labor", teachers of ideological and political courses guide students to understand the nature of labor and the meaning of labor; In the "Love of Labor" module, craftsmen and technical experts from major countries enter the campus to cultivate students' excellence, love and dedication to their jobs.

In the view of many experts, labor education should have a broader space. Tan Chuanbao, a professor at the Faculty of Education of Beijing Normal University, believes that each discipline contains a large number of labor education materials, so there is also the possibility of carrying out labor education silently. Only by integrating labor education into all aspects of teaching and life can practical results be achieved.

Enhance the effectiveness of education in collaborative education

【Lens】

Not long ago, Beijing Changping Vocational School welcomed a group of junior high school students - students from the West Ring Road School of Changping District No. 2 Middle School. In the Chinese pastry training room, students put on aprons and hairnets to learn how to make Chinese-style pastry dates.

"What should I do if the skin is torn?" "How do you make a better look?" Peng Xingquan, a culinary teacher at Changping Vocational School, patiently answered students' questions and guided them hand-in-hand.

"With the help of Teacher Peng, I learned the little trick of rolling puff pastry." Yirui Liu, a first-year junior high school student, said, "Becoming a Chinese pastry chef requires day-to-day practice, wisdom and ingenuity. ”

Duan Fusheng, Secretary of the Party Committee and President of Changping Vocational School Education Group, introduced that the school is the first batch of vocational experience centers (labor education bases) for primary and secondary school students in Beijing vocational colleges, and actively serves primary and secondary school labor education through the base's classes, sending classes to school, and online education. Professional curriculum design and teaching team help primary and secondary school students gain growth in labor and gain initial career experience.

Where is labor education taught? Who will teach? The construction of a long-term mechanism is inseparable from practical resource support and condition guarantees. The use of vocational college practical training and internship places, facilities and equipment to provide the required services for ordinary primary and secondary schools is one of the measures to enrich labor practice places. It is reported that schools in various places have actively explored ways to improve the support and guarantee capacity of labor education.

In order to expand the practice site and meet the diversified labor practice needs of all levels and types of schools, Shanghai promotes the integration and sharing of labor bases, establishes a comprehensive labor practice base for students, and develops full-chain practical courses. Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province is a national primary and secondary school labor education experimental zone, in order to solve the problem of lack of labor education venues, the local integration of resources, to create a number of rural practice experience bases, organize students to go into rural areas, farmers, learn agricultural work, understand local culture.

How to establish a labor education teaching team that combines full-time and part-time jobs, so that teachers can teach and teach? Shandong Province explores ways to ensure the demand for teachers through teaching in the school district, purchasing teaching services, and hiring part-time teachers; In order to improve the quality of teachers, 19 hours of labor education course modules have been set up in the "Internet + Teacher Professional Development" project to carry out systematic training.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said that all localities should further consolidate the responsibility of labor education, strengthen the implementation of the curriculum, give play to the leading role of the curriculum, continuously improve the professional level of teachers, coordinate and expand labor education resources inside and outside the school, establish a labor education mechanism that connects home and school, and educate children to develop a good habit of loving labor from an early age. (People's Daily)