Beijing, 4 Apr (Xinhua) -- It's time to work hard -- four stories on the frontline of building an agricultural power
Xinhua News Agency reporter
During the National Two Sessions in 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized when participating in the deliberations of the Jiangsu delegation to the first session of the <>th National People's Congress that "an agricultural power is the foundation of a modern socialist power, and promoting agricultural modernization is an inevitable requirement for achieving high-quality development", providing a fundamental basis for the construction of an agricultural power.
According to the latest agricultural situation scheduling of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of the 11th, the country's spring sown grain area has reached 1 million mu, completing 2.12% of the intended area, and the progress is comparable year-on-year. At present, early rice seedling cultivation is basically completed, and 6% of the planting has been completed.
In the middle of spring, on the land of Shenzhou, a picture of hard work in spring plowing slowly unfolds.
(1) The story of the seed
[The general secretary said so]
During the National Two Sessions in 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized when visiting members of the agriculture, social welfare and social security circles attending the Fifth Session of the <>th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and participating in the joint group meeting, "The safety of seed sources is related to national security, and we must be determined to develop China's seed industry to achieve self-reliance and self-improvement in seed science and technology, and independent and controllable seed sources." ”
[Deciphering the genetic code of good seeds]
During the spring plowing season this year, Liu Binmei spent all day "soaking" in the experimental field of the Nangang Experimental Base in Hefei, Anhui Province, preparing land and sorting out materials. "An inch of spring light, an inch of gold." This year's 'code-breaking' will soon begin again, and we must race against time and delay for a moment. ”
Liu Binmei, a researcher at the Ion Beam Bioengineering and Green Agriculture Research Center of the Institute of Intelligent Research of the Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that "code breaking" is ion beam mutagenesis breeding research. This is a research field that serves rice germplasm innovation, pioneered by Chinese scientists and has independent intellectual property rights. The principle of this research is to discover rice genetic resources that can make rice more breakthrough in yield, taste, storage, resistance to toxic diseases and pests through high-tech means, and then use breeding technology to "aggregate and assemble" to select and breed new rice varieties that are "better and better quality".
"It is difficult to find out the high-quality genes we need from the massive rice genes, which is like finding a needle in a haystack." Liu Binmei said.
Previously, in order to make the harvested straw easy to crush and return to the field, greatly improving the efficiency of soil fertility conservation, and committed to finding genes that make the stalks of rice and other crops that were originally more resilient and not mechanically crushed in the field can become brittle but not easy to lodg.
"Whether the rice straw grown in the improvement test meets the requirements cannot be seen by the naked eye, and we can only use our hands to screen and identify the broken stems one by one." Liu Binmei recalled that everyone squatted in the field all day, folding thousands of plants every day, "I couldn't lift my arms after a day." ”
After more than ten years of exploration and efforts, a new rice variety was finally successfully cultivated. Its straw can not only achieve ecological return to the field, but also has the potential to be used as high-quality roughage in the aquaculture industry. Today, the achievement has been successfully industrialized in the market.
After chatting with reporters, Liu Binmei began to work in the test field again. This year, their goal is to make the feed utilization of brittle stalks more effective, and to find new genes in rice that can further reduce the heavy metal content of rice.
(2) The story of the land
[The general secretary said so]
In December 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed at the Central Rural Work Conference that "we must rely on the two-wheel drive of science and technology and reform to accelerate the construction of an agricultural power".
【Black soil fertilizer in Minle Village】
Walking into Minle Village, Ningjiang District, Songyuan City, Jilin Province, there is a lively scene: trucks full of agricultural materials come and go inside and outside the village; In the field, tractors are pulling agricultural machinery to prepare the land, leveling the land after deep turning...
The reporter grabbed a handful of soil, and the crushed straw inside was clearly visible. "Look at our black soil, how fat!" Xu Baijun, head of the Chunfeng Planting Professional Cooperative, said.
With the support of the national subsidy policy, Minle Village has steadily increased grain production in recent years by implementing a black soil protection project by turning straw deep into the field. But this year, the subsidy program ended.
Not long ago, members of the cooperative organization held a meeting to study whether it would be possible to return the straw to the fields in the spring this year.
"If we don't have subsidies, don't we go all year after year, every two years?"
"What if the land power is not good again?"
......
Folks, you say everything I say, and the discussion is enthusiastic.
"We can't just settle small accounts in farming, and forget the troublesome time in the past?" Xu Baijun said.
In the past, most of the Minle villages were scattered from one household, and the fertilization and irrigation methods were not scientific, and the good black soil became thinner and thinner, the ability of crops to resist disasters became worse and worse, the grain yield was not high, and the villagers' income was low.
In 2016, experts from Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other scientific research institutes went to Minle Village to promote the cultivation technology of protecting black soil, and successfully achieved drought resistance and increased corn yield. This gave Zhang Zhifeng, secretary of the village party branch, hope to revitalize the black soil in the village.
Under the promotion of Zhang Zhifeng, Minle Village also innovated the mechanism, changing the decentralized operation to the establishment of a farmer cooperative by the village collective, and the villagers invested in the land and became members, and the cooperative unified purchase of agricultural materials, sowing seeds, and field management. At the end of each year, after selling grain, villagers receive dividends according to the proportion of their own land, so as to realize risk sharing and benefit sharing.
The production of Minle Village has a new look. The members use large-scale agricultural machinery to carry out large-scale operation, and the irrigation and fertilization are scientific. Driven by advanced technology and reform mechanisms, the black soil in the village became vibrant.
"Our croppers rely on the soil to produce gold, and if we raise the land well, we will not suffer losses." Zhang Zhihua, a villager, said the cooperative gave him 41000,6400 yuan in dividends this year, <>,<> yuan more than last year.
"Yes, we can't always worry about state subsidies, raise black soil, we have a responsibility to defend the land." After discussion, the members unanimously agreed to continue to insist on returning straw to the field in the future.
"The black soil in the village is getting fatter and fatter the more it is planted, the grain production is stable, and the villagers will get more and more 'fat' in life." Zhang Zhifeng said.
(3) The story of farmers
[The general secretary said so]
In December 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed at the Central Rural Work Conference that "comprehensively improve the quality and literacy of farmers and cultivate and make good use of local talents".
[The old style of becoming "idle" is busy again]
In the past few days, the 65-year-old veteran of farming Zhao Fajiang "housed" at the planting base, wearing reading glasses and tapping on the keyboard on the computer - busy learning the operation technology of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment.
In 2021, the reporter once wrote about the story of farming in Sanye Village, Haituo Township, Daan City, Jilin Province. At that time, because the farm successively popularized high-tech agricultural planting equipment such as satellites, drones, and large-scale automated machinery, Zhao Fajiang, who had been diligent all his life, happily "idled".
"I can't be 'idle' this year." Zhao Fajiang said that the more intelligent equipment installed in the field, the more and more operations to learn. It is necessary to accurately control the fertilization and spraying of drones, and also read the soil moisture, diseases and pests data fed back by satellites; It is necessary to be able to control unmanned seeders and rice transplanters, and to be proficient in operating the "cloud" system for timely irrigation... Spring is in full swing, and he is too busy to keep his feet on the ground.
"If you want to keep improving and increasing production every year, you have to think hard and fiddle with it yourself." When he was pondering how to further increase production this year, he saw on the Internet that some farmers were proficient in the operation technology of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, which effectively improved the performance of agricultural machinery and achieved increased production. The old "idle" could not stay, determined to learn this new "craft" on his own.
"I'm not fiddling around, and when I don't understand, I ask the little gentlemen in the village." In order to truly master these new technologies, veterans often seek advice from young technicians at the plantation base. From the skills of operating drones with mobile phones to interpreting information data from satellite imagery, technicians teach patience and he learns carefully.
"Uncle Zhao, that's also our teacher." Ge Yanjun, one of the members of the planting base and the head of Jilin Baiqiang Technology Co., Ltd., said, "He has a lot of unique experience when to apply medicine and when to irrigate and release water, which has helped us improve the efficiency of technical equipment." ”
(4) The story of the industry
[The general secretary said so]
In December 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed at the Central Rural Work Conference that "industrial revitalization is the top priority of rural revitalization, it is necessary to implement industrial assistance policies, do a good job in 'native products' articles, rely on agricultural and rural characteristic resources, develop multiple functions of agriculture, tap the diversified value of rural areas, and integrate the development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, strengthen the leader, supplement the chain, develop the business format, and establish the brand, promote the upgrading of the whole chain of rural industry, and enhance market competitiveness and sustainable development ability." ”
【"Colorful" ancient mulberry tree】
In April, Shandong spring is bright, in the Xiajin Yellow River Gudao Forest Park, more than 4,6000 ancient mulberry trees stretch out in the sky, new green mulberry leaves are covered with branches, and under the trees are busy fruit farmers.
"I've been busy since the beginning of the sting, and I'm repelling mulberry trees!" Yan Fagang, a 68-year-old villager in Xiyanmiao Village, Suliuzhuang Town, Xiajin County, said.
A large number of sand dunes formed by the repeated diversions of the Yellow River have long plagued Xiajin, and a local folk song sings: "There is no wind and three feet of soil, there is wind and sand all over the sky, the door is closed and covered with pots, and the soil and rice are swallowed together." ”
For thousands of years, people have planted mulberry to control sand, and green ancient mulberry trees have guarded generations of Xiajin people in the dunes. In recent years, they have supported a happier life for the villagers.
In 2018, the "Ancient Mulberry Tree Group of the Yellow River Old Road in Xiajin, Shandong" passed the evaluation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and was recognized as "Globally Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage". Xiyanmiao Village has incorporated most of the ancient mulberry trees into the Yellow River Gudao Forest Park, which is continued to be managed by the villagers. The ancient mulberry tree has a centralized management and exhibition park, and the characteristic tourism industry has become prosperous, attracting tourists from all over the country. Nowadays, the local fruit ecological and cultural festival is held from May 5 to June 19 every year, and the ancient mulberry tree has become a welcoming tree for "red tongtong".
What makes the villagers even more excited is that the ancient mulberry tree is still a "golden" cash cow.
Xiajin mulberry fresh fructose content is high, even if it is transported by traditional cold chain, it is very perishable and can only be picked or sold on site. In the past, every May and June, fruit farmers were saddened by the unsellable fruits.
Nowadays, on the one hand, the thriving tourism industry has brought a large number of tourists to spend; On the other hand, in recent years, the country's rural road transportation and new cold chain and other infrastructure construction have developed greatly, and Xiajin mulberry has been sold all over the country. "Now mulberry fresh fruit is not worried about selling for 2 yuan a pound, and my family's income can be <>,<> yuan a year!" Yan Fa Gang said.
Not only that, the characteristic agriculture relying on ancient mulberry trees is also becoming more and more popular in the local area. Liu Chuanfeng, the founder of the Chuanfeng Fruit Planting Farmers Professional Cooperative in Xiajin County, has created an "ancient mulberry tree product chain": in April, new sprouts can be picked to make sprout tea; Dried mulberries are made in May; Mulberry tea is made in June; After the frost falls in September and October, mulberry leaves can also be made into frost mulberry tea with health care functions...
"These products are not only in strong demand locally, but also in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Henan and other markets." Liu Chuanfeng said.
The villagers have income, and the industry has been extended. The "colorful" ancient mulberry trees on the side of the Yellow River Old Road bring the sweet taste into the lives of villagers, and the fathers and old folks who strive for a happy life are writing a new chapter on the road of rural revitalization.
Leading reporter: Zhai Wei
Text reporters: Meng Hanqi, Xue Qinfeng, Chen Nuo, Ye Jing
Poster production: Wang Fan
Produced by: Huo Xiaoguang
Executive producer: Che Yuming
Planner: Wang Shuhui, Jie Wenjin
Editors: Wang Shuhui, Jie Wenjin
Produced in-house by Xinhua News Agency