Vocational education at the undergraduate level shoulders the important mission of cultivating high-level technical and skilled personnel, cultivating "craftsmen in big countries" and "skilled craftsmen", and plays a unique role in promoting regional industrial upgrading and promoting Chinese-style modernization. The "Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Modern Vocational Education" proposes that by 2025, the enrollment scale of vocational undergraduate education shall not be less than 10% of the enrollment scale of higher vocational education. By then, the annual enrollment of vocational undergraduate schools will exceed 50,<>. Compared with general higher education, the employment guidance education of vocational undergraduate colleges has always been a "short board", the employment security system is not perfect, and graduates face employment difficulties. Further unblocking the employment channels of vocational undergraduate graduates and improving the employment quality of vocational education at the undergraduate level are the inevitable requirements for the steady development of vocational undergraduate education, the enhancement of the attractiveness and social recognition of vocational education, and the promotion of fuller and higher-quality employment.
Strengthen career planning education and make the quality of talent training "high"
Accurate and appropriate career planning education plays an important role in improving the employment competitiveness and comprehensive skill literacy of vocational undergraduate students and realizing their life ideals.
Symptomatic guidance, a lifelong policy. Schools should be "student-oriented", start planning and guidance for students' personal careers from the entrance stage, and improve the accuracy and effectiveness of career planning education through the method of "symptomatic guidance, one policy for life". The first is to deeply understand the actual situation of economic and social development and the changes in the employment pattern, through visiting and investigating enterprises and other employers, in-depth understanding of the latest needs of industry enterprises for talent skills, timely feedback to the talent training program of vocational undergraduate students, to ensure that the knowledge and skill structure of graduates and the needs of enterprises are effectively docked. Second, for graduates with innovation potential and entrepreneurial talent, adhere to encouragement and guidance, do a good job in resource integration, information communication and policy support, and help them achieve high-level employment through innovation and entrepreneurship. The third is to refine the employment assistance work for vulnerable groups with psychological disorders, family economic difficulties, academic backwardness, etc., and do a good job in psychological counseling, job recommendation, resume modification, interview guidance and other different links according to students' own interest ability and difficulties and worries faced in the employment process, so as to open up the "last mile" blocking point of employment for them.
Create conditions for multi-channel employment. Schools should promote the effective integration and organic integration of vocational undergraduate talent training links and employment systems. The first is to establish and improve the industry college and school-running system, build it into a hub for cooperation with schools and enterprises, promote training models such as order-based and high-level apprenticeships with Chinese characteristics, and innovate joint education models such as pilot "government-bank-school-enterprise" joint construction of industry colleges, so as to improve students' practical operation level and employment competitiveness. The second is to establish a campus employment station, use diversified market resources, promote the sharing of employment information between the two sides through school-enterprise "point-to-point" cooperation, realize the latest information of vocational positions and the progress of vocational undergraduate talent training at the same frequency, and provide students with more accurate employment service guarantees. The third is to give full play to the training advantages of "combination of engineering and learning" and "top post internship", expand students' knowledge skills and practical operation ability, guide and help students timely understand and grasp the job demand and career information of the job market in the process of internship and practical training, and break through the barriers of employment information.
Optimize the vocational education curriculum system to make the ability to serve the society "stronger"
In order to strengthen the ability of vocational undergraduate graduates to serve socio-economic development and industrial transformation and upgrading, it is necessary to make full efforts in the reform of the vocational undergraduate curriculum system and promote the advancement of course content, teaching methods, and teaching forms with the times.
Guided by "employment and entrepreneurship", innovate educational standards and paradigms. Under the influence of emerging technology revolution and industrial transformation, traditional industries are accelerating their extension and expansion in the direction of digitalization, networking and intelligence, and modern technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data are cross-integrated with traditional disciplines and professional fields, which has become a new trend in the cultivation of high-level application-oriented talents. Undergraduate-level vocational education should conform to the law of talent training and career development needs under the new employment form, take "employment and entrepreneurship" as the guide, innovate education standards and paradigms, and promote the in-depth docking between education and industry, schools and enterprises, professional settings and vocational positions, classroom teaching and practical training; Promote the deep integration of employment education and professional education, and rely on each other for professional learning and internship practice, help students deeply understand their career potential in the industrial transformation, seize the opportunities of the era of innovation and entrepreneurship in the wave of technology, and correctly choose the future career development direction.
Strengthen the "competency-based" and attach importance to high-level and high-skill training. In the process of building a vocational education curriculum system, vocational undergraduate schools should promote the comprehensive education of "on-the-job course certificates" at different levels such as "course form, teaching content, teaching methods, and teaching methods". On the one hand, the teaching content of vocational undergraduate should be closely aligned with the actual production and social practice, and the cutting-edge elements of the industry such as new technologies, new processes, and new specifications should be incorporated into the practical training of the curriculum in a timely manner; On the other hand, according to market demand, we should cooperate and exchange with industry enterprises in the region, invite enterprises to participate in the joint construction of majors, formulate curriculum systems, develop professional courses and characteristic teaching materials, jointly build internship training bases, implement assessment and evaluation, share professional teaching resources, effectively integrate enterprise spirit and enterprise skills into the vocational undergraduate teaching system, and improve the practical skills and core literacy of vocational undergraduate graduates.
Strengthen the training of career planning teachers and make the employment guidance work "stable"
To do a good job in the employment of vocational undergraduate graduates, we should actively give play to the value of the role of teachers, and improve the stability of employment guidance work by strengthening the training of career planning teachers.
Actively implement the vocational mentorship system. Tutors of vocational undergraduate colleges shall organize and guide students to participate in various skill competitions, social practice and innovation and entrepreneurship activities in a targeted manner, help students formulate career plans and determine the direction of career development according to students' personal characteristics and development intentions, and at the same time play a role in the teaching group to jointly do a good job in the employment guidance of vocational undergraduate students, and achieve the goal of all-staff, whole-process, all-round employment and education. Career mentors themselves also need to actively update their educational concepts, conduct systematic learning and training through enterprise exercises, participate in training, etc., and constantly enrich their knowledge level and practical skills. By participating in the front-line work of enterprise production and management, vocational tutors can better reflect on the shortcomings of teaching materials and teaching methods, introduce new experience and new skills into the classroom, promote the integration of theoretical educational concepts and practical teaching concepts, and help vocational undergraduate graduates improve their employability.
Optimize the career counseling and guidance service system. The job search stage is the most real time period for students' career perception, the most urgent consultation needs, and often the most confused. Vocational undergraduate schools should seize this window period to encourage colleges to use Internet platforms and information release channels to carry out inter-college and inter-professional cooperation in combination with the characteristics of the corresponding industry in view of the different employment problems encountered by graduates, so as to help students choose jobs correctly and seek employment. According to the needs of different students, we set up employment training projects such as career assessment, image design, etiquette specifications, resume production, mock interviews, etc., implement small-class practical training and personalized career consultation, and solve relevant problems in a timely manner through online communication and face-to-face interviews. For students with employment difficulties, through measures such as finding out the bottom number, establishing accounts, and continuous follow-up, we will solve their difficulties in a timely manner with one-on-one and hand-to-hand guidance, enhance students' confidence in job search, and improve the employability of graduates.
Establish a career planning teacher training system. Professional career planning guidance teachers are the guarantee for the smooth development of employment guidance. Schools should set up a certain number of full-time teachers for career planning, who are specifically responsible for students' career planning, career counseling, vocational psychological counseling, etc. Hire professionals in the field of career development planning, expand and improve the team of career guidance teachers, and use this advantage to retrain other teachers. Schools should vigorously support teachers in pursuing doctoral degrees, and while improving their own knowledge level, actively participate in national vocational guidance qualification training and examinations, participate in mental health education course training and talent assessment, psychological assessment technology learning, and gradually realize the professionalization of the guidance team. At the same time, schools should also encourage teachers in school to become part-time teachers of career planning, form a full-time and part-time, complementary internal and external career planning education teaching team, so that teachers can "lecture, understand the market, and be good at consulting", and continuously improve the professional level of career planning education, so as to achieve the goal of improving the employment quality of vocational undergraduate graduates.
(Author: Chen Zhenghua, Director of Innovation Education Center and Dean of Industry College of Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology)