Experts remind of rabies vaccine shortage in many places
Chen Xi reporter Zhao Hanbin
As the weather gets hotter, the tempers of pets such as dogs and cats also become a little "crazy." In addition, people wear short clothes and have many naked skins, so they are easily scratched and bitten. A few days ago, people in Lijiang, Honghe and other places in Yunnan went to vaccinate against rabies and found a shortage of vaccines. Not only in Yunnan, but also in Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei, and other places, there has been news about the shortage of rabies vaccines in the media.
The Science and Technology Daily reporter learned from the Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control on the 10th that Yunnan Province has recently purchased 102,700 rabies vaccines and distributed them to the CDCs in 90 counties and cities across the province, including counties and districts in Kunming. Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Publicity introduced to Kun that the arrival of these vaccines will help alleviate the shortage of rabies vaccines everywhere. On the morning of the 9th, 5 vehicles with short-range cold-chain transportation capacity have traveled to 12 cities and have been distributed to counties and cities. Citizens can go to the first and second dog injury clinics announced by the Health and Health Commission for consultation And inoculation.
Overall production capacity declines and vaccines have a short shelf life
"As the qualifications and overall quality standards of rabies vaccine production enterprises in China have been updated in recent years, production enterprises are faced with technological transformation and the replacement of production lines, which has led to a decline in overall production capacity." Staff and Star of Technology Development Service Center of Yunnan Provincial Disease Control Center Yu introduced that, on the one hand, Yunnan Province reported the shortage of vaccines to the National Health and Health Commission, and on the other hand, through an open bidding process, all vaccine manufacturers were added to the Yunnan Provincial Non-immunization Program Vaccine Procurement Catalog. In the face of demand, the number of rabies vaccines that have arrived recently is still limited, and they will follow up and coordinate.
Liu Xinqi, a professor at the School of Life Sciences, Nankai University, analyzed: "As long as it is a protein-based inactivated virus vaccine, the general shelf life will not be very long. Even if it is freeze-dried, it is half a year to a year, so if the society stops functioning for half a year, The previously produced vaccines have definitely failed. In fact, all protein vaccine products have a short shelf life."
"The vaccine used to prevent rabies is an inactivated rabies virus vaccine. To facilitate transportation and storage, the rabies vaccine is lyophilized, and then used to make a suspension injection with physiological saline." Liu Xinqi introduced that the rabies vaccine is in the production process The requirements are very high. The live virus itself has certain risks, so when the virus is cultivated, the production workshop needs to meet certain safety and cleanliness standards. The cultured virus has a limited growth time: too short, the virus concentration is not enough; too long, the cultured cells will be killed and lysed by the virus, resulting in insufficient purity of the virus. Later virus purification is also a big problem. If the purification process is not enough, various impurities released by the culture medium and cells will reduce the immune strength of the vaccine and cause immune reactions such as human allergies.
The highest case fatality rate, prevention should be strengthened
"After invading the human body, rabies virus can stay for a short time or proliferate in a small amount in the wound, and then invade the peripheral nerves nearby; the virus expands concentrically along the peripheral nerves to the central nerve, and then multiplies again to the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord, invading the It quickly reached the brain; the virus expanded from the central nerve to the peripheral nerve after a large amount of brain replication, invading various organs and tissues innervated by nerves, especially in saliva, tongue taste buds, and olfactory nerve epithelium. Li Lin, chief of the infectious diseases department of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that rabies is a Class B legally reported infectious disease in China. At present, there is no effective treatment for rabies, that is, once 100% death occurs, it is the infectious disease with the highest known fatality rate.
"Wound treatment, vaccination and globulin vaccination are the three links to prevent rabies. Among them, wound treatment is the first pass to prevent virus invasion and is very important for disease prevention." Yuan Yong, Deputy Chief Physician of Emergency Surgery, Second Hospital of Kunming Medical Affiliated Hospital Said, "If the wound has active bleeding, we can stop the bleeding of the patient, and we can tie it with a cloth bag. If there is no obvious bleeding, we directly rinse the wound and continuously wash the wound with soapy water, including washing around the wound. The time is not less than 15 minutes, then rinse with water, and finally you can use a relatively clean or sterile dressing on the wound to perform a simple on-site dressing. According to the injury, we will remove some necrotic tissue, hemostasis, suture, suture Be sure to stay drained."
Li Lin reminded that the general public should pay attention: First, regularly vaccinate pet dogs and cats with veterinary rabies vaccine for civilized breeding; second, people and pet dogs should avoid being bitten by stray dogs, cats or wild animals; third, do not touch 1. Adopting stray dogs, cats and other animals of unknown origin; Fourth, parents should educate and take good care of children, and do not provoke dogs, cats and other animals to avoid being scratched or bitten by curiosity; Fifth, if there is a dog, cat, etc. In case of animal bites, scratches, or licking of the mucous membrane, you should go to the nearby animal injury treatment clinic as soon as possible and receive scientific and formal medical treatment.