From Noriega to Maduro .. A history of confrontation between America and the Latin rulers

Faithful manners

Recent developments in Venezuela and the administration's handling of Washington's desire to change the regime in Caracas have shown not only Venezuela, but Washington has had fingerprints in other Latin American countries that have changed its political history and influenced its economy.

Latin America, or what Washington calls its backyard, is the main theater of America's "democratic" wars. This is due to the multiplicity of left-wing governments in Latin America and their leaders' tendency to be free of American cover at the level of foreign policy decisions in the region. The following are the most important US interventions in Latin American countries starting with Venezuela:

Venezuela: hostility to his justifications
Venezuelan Parliament Speaker Juan Guadillo has not been appointed interim president without US support. Washington, which has no strong relations with Caracas, found a chance to end President Nicolas Maduro's rule.

US President Donald Trump's recognition of the opposition as president was not a trend to impose a de facto government from Maduro's perspective, amid vigorous US efforts to urge other countries to recognize the "new interim president."

Before Maduro, the United States opposed his predecessor, Hugo Chavez, who came to power at the end of 1998.

Since taking office, Chavez's political discourse has been hostile to America. He has described its policy as "blatant imperialism" and called for the existence of several axes and poles in the world.

Chavez's economic reforms did not live up to the US administration. He announced the restoration of control over the national oil company and the imposition of double taxation on Venezuela's foreign oil companies, most of which were US companies. Venezuela became the third largest oil exporter in 2002. .

On April 11, 2002, a failed coup attempt by some military, financial and trade union circles against Chávez was carried out against Chávez. The coup was blamed on the United States, which denied having any involvement in it.

The United States was not satisfied with Chavez for several reasons, including his relationship with Cuban President Fidel Castro, his visit to Iraq and Libya, his criticism of America's bombing of Afghanistan in its war against the Taliban and Al Qaeda, and his neutrality in the Colombian regime's war against Communist rebels.

Guatemala .. decades of civil war
In 1999, US President Bill Clinton admitted during his visit to Guatemala his country's role in the civil war that killed some 200,000 people.

Clinton acknowledged that Washington had supported the military and intelligence establishment in Guatemala, which had repressed the violence of the opposition movements, especially those representing indigenous Maya.

He stressed that the United States "will not repeat this mistake," and said that his country would spare no effort in supporting the process of peace and reconciliation in Guatemala.

The accession of President Jacobo Arbenz to power in 1950 was a major turning point in Guatemala. Men's political reforms and the adoption of the Agrarian Reform Act constituted a threat to the interests of businessmen and military personnel, forcing them to force the United States to overthrow the regime.

Indeed, the countdown to the end of Arbenz's rule began, and General Castillo Armas was nominated for it. Within three years, the atmosphere was set to turn to power.

According to what was revealed, Washington had a role in arming the rebels and paramilitary forces to enter the country a dark era of coups, fighting and violence paid by the high cost of civilians.

Cuba is a struggle for half a century
The United States has severed relations with Cuba since 1961 as the cold war escalated between the former Soviet Union and the country and imposed heavy economic sanctions on Havana for nearly half a century.

The row between Cuba and the United States began after Fidel Castro came to power after his overthrow in 1959 by Washington-backed President Fulgencio Batista.

Castro's decision to nationalize some US companies operating in Cuba and, in 1960, to buy oil from the Soviet Union angered Washington and cut off diplomatic ties with the United States to begin the compass of Cuba in the direction of the Soviet Union.

Because of this rapprochement, Cuba became a battleground. In April 1961, the United States led a failed attempt to topple the Castro government by recruiting a special army of Cuban exiles to invade the island. In the Bay of Pigs, the invaders were defeated and Cuban troops killed many of them and captured thousands.

A year after the failed coup attempt, US reconnaissance planes spotted Soviet missile bases in Cuba, which shocked the world into a full-scale nuclear war.

The two superpowers stood idly by, but Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev began to withdraw the missiles from Cuba in exchange for the withdrawal of US weapons from Turkey.

Since then Castro has become the first enemy of the United States, and tried to assassinate US intelligence more than six hundred times, according to a Cuban minister.

Brazil .. The democratic experiment
Concerned that Brazil would become the "sixties China", US intelligence has been working to topple Brazilian President Joao Gollard, who he said was "an outspoken communist."

At the end of March 1964, Umberto Castillo Branco, the Chief of Staff of the Brazilian Army, carried out the mission planned by Washington.

From 1964 to 1985, Brazil was under military dictatorship to suppress freedoms, torture leftist opponents and crush human rights.

In 2014, during the 50th anniversary of the coup d'etat, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff said that "Brazil has been able to heal its wounds because today it enjoys a strong democracy," pointing to the need to remember what happened in the past and talk about.

"We condemn those who disappeared or were killed and those who were tortured and their families during the dictatorship," she said. "We remember this period to learn from, and because we have surpassed it."

About 500 people disappeared or were killed before and after the military coup, and thousands were captured, including Rousseff, who was jailed for two years for opposing the military government formed after the dismissal of Brazilian President Goulart.

Argentina .. dark history chapters
In March 2016, former US President Barack Obama said US foreign policy had learned lessons from past mistakes, including involvement in Argentina's coup, while Argentine President Mauricio Macri called the coup "the darkest chapter of our history."

Four decades ago, on March 24, 1976, Washington backed a military coup led by General Jorge Videla, who seized power after ousting President Isabel Peron.

Since he took power, the country has lived for years, described by human rights organizations as black, and left - according to those organizations - the death of between thirty and thirty thousand people, while the authorities said at the time that the number of nearly eight thousand.

Although Videla died in 2013 while serving time in prison for human rights abuses, Argentina was and continues to pour out her anger at the United States, which supported his coup.

Panama .. Vanguard alliance invasion
In 1983 General Manuel Noriega assumed the rule of Panama, and was known to have been an ally of the United States in its efforts to prevent the spread of Communist influence in Central America and had spied for the CIA.

Noriega did not give him the money. Washington formally accused him in February 1988 of smuggling drugs to US territory, and there was evidence that he was dealing with various intelligence agencies.

Under US President George HW Bush, US forces raided Panama on December 20, 1989 and overthrew Benorega, who surrendered to Americans who sentenced him to 40 years in prison for drug trafficking and money laundering. He was released 21 years later for his good conduct.

The invasion of Panama was called the "just cause" and claimed more than 3,000 lives, including many civilians.

A few years before his death, the general apologized to his people in an interview with the Panamanian channel. "I apologize to anyone who felt that he was offended, insulted or insulted by my actions or the acts of my superiors during the execution of orders during my term of office," he said.