Points deducted for myopia? How to guarantee the "San Gong"? How do you make up sports? ——In-depth interpretation of Yunnan's "100 points for sports entrance examination for senior high school"
Xinhua News Agency, Kunming, November 4th, title: Points deducted for myopia?
How to guarantee the "San Gong"?
How do you make up sports?
——In-depth interpretation of Yunnan's "100 points for sports entrance examination for senior high school"
Xinhua News Agency reporter Yue Ranran
As the first province in the country that intends to raise the score of sports in the high school entrance examination to 100 points, Yunnan Province recently held a hearing on the sports, music and art examination program for junior high school students (hereinafter referred to as the "program"), which quickly aroused heated discussions in the community.
On the one hand, the public praised Yunnan’s initiative to eat "crab" for the first time and emphasize sports and children’s physique. On the other hand, they also raised doubts: Will points be deducted for myopia?
How to ensure the fairness, impartiality and openness of the examination?
How to make up sports?
The reporter conducted an interview around the new concern.
"Sports 100 points" constituted like this
The "plan" breaks down the composition of the "sports 100 points" in detail.
The examination has changed from "one exam in three years" to "two exams in one year". Each semester uses a combination of "test at any time" and "timed exam".
100 points are composed of three parts: 20 points in the first grade, 40 points in the second grade, and 40 points in the third grade.
The scores of each academic year are composed of the scores of the previous semester, the scores of the next semester and the competition bonus points.
The examination content includes four parts: basic physical fitness test, special skill test, physical fitness monitoring and competition bonus.
There are 6 basic physical fitness tests for boys and girls.
There are 4 compulsory tests: 1-minute rope skipping, 50-meter run, 15-meter x4 reentry run, 1000-meter run (male), and 800-meter run (female).
There are 2 items selected: pull-ups (male), 1-minute sit-ups (female), sitting forward bending, 200-meter swimming (unlimited swimming style), standing long jump, solid ball throwing, 100-meter running.
Special skill tests include: football, basketball, volleyball, badminton, table tennis, tennis, martial arts, gymnastics, etc. (N select 2 and at least one of the three major balls).
Physical fitness monitoring includes: body mass index (BMI), vital capacity and body mass index, and vision.
These three items are monitored every academic year.
The method of scoring is based on the longitudinal comparison of the students’ own health index in the first, second and third grades of the junior high school.
Take visual acuity as an example. If the first grade visual acuity is 4.8 and above, 0.5 points, 4.7 and 0.4 points, and 4.6 and below 0.3 points.
After that, in the second and third grades tests, compared with the first grade, the visual acuity improved or did not become 1 point. For every 0.1 decrease in visual acuity, the score decreased by 0.1 point.
Contest bonuses are divided into bonus points obtained by students participating in corresponding sports competitions.
Time difference needs to be considered for vision entrance examination
"It's hard enough to go to school, and you will get points deducted from the entrance examination for poor eyesight." "What about children who have family inheritance and are born with poor eyesight?" Parents' anxiety refers to their eyesight.
"The visual acuity score is 2.5, and the test taker's final score is not big." Xu Zhongxiang, director of the Sports, Health and Arts Department of the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, explained, "The inclusion of visual acuity in the physical education of the senior high school entrance examination is mainly for guiding the young people, parents and schools Can pay attention to children’s vision problems as early as possible."
"We set the visual acuity score, fully taking into account the individual differences of the child, the score is changed from the original horizontal ratio to the child's own vertical ratio. Simply put, it is the comparison between yourself and yourself. Through physical exercise, if the relevant indicators become better, you can Get the corresponding points." said Zhang Chunhua, deputy director of the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education.
"I think the vision of entering the high school entrance examination is very good, and it can urge schools and parents to pay attention to children's eyesight as soon as possible." said Han Fang, director of the ophthalmology department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province. .
"If the myopia population continues to increase, in some special fields, there will be a huge gap in the labor force that meets the requirements for vision. There are dozens of majors that cannot apply for college entrance examinations."
Studies have confirmed that children who are outdoors for two hours a day can effectively reduce the rate of myopia.
Outdoor activities during the day, ultraviolet rays can promote the secretion of dopamine, and the secretion of dopamine can inhibit the growth of the eye axis and effectively control the development of myopia.
Han Fang explained that there are three main reasons for the increasingly younger age of the "small glasses": one is congenital heredity, parents are highly myopic; the other is environmental factors. In recent years, schools have multiple intellectual education and light physical education, and children have long time and intensity of close learning. Big, coupled with poor eye use habits, more electronic products, and less outdoor activities; third, growth and development. Now the child’s puberty is early, the eyeball development cannot keep up, the diet is unreasonable, and the sugar intake is too much.
Ophthalmologists suggest that there should be a time gap between the formulation and implementation of the vision entrance examination plan, so that everyone has sufficient time to prepare; starting from kindergarten, parents can go to a regular hospital to establish a refractive development file for their children and record their vision every year.
"Myopia is basically irreversible, but it is predictable and preventable. It is best for schools and parents to pay attention to the age when their children are not yet nearsighted. Before and after elementary school is the critical period to prevent myopia." Han Fang said.
"Add and reduce": Make physical homework popular
Li Yanyang, a parent of the first-year students in junior high school, believes that 100 points in physical education is a good thing. It encourages children to exercise more and will help children's psychological adjustment during adolescence.
But what she cares most is the fairness, impartiality and openness of the examination.
"Can physical exams cheat? Should I enroll my child in a sports cram school?"
Xu Zhongxiang said that he would guarantee the "three publics" of physical examinations and severely punish fraudsters.
“Anyone who cheats in the exam, falsify in the application for exemption, or transfers students from other provinces that do not calculate their scores according to the regulations, we will count the students involved in '0' points, and punish the teachers who participated in the fraud according to regulations. For special candidates, we The materials will be strictly reviewed, publicized to the public, and subject to supervision. After there are no objections, they will be scored and filed according to regulations."
It was also suggested that children may improve their naked vision through surgery, orthokeratology (OK lens), and contact lenses.
Han Fang believes that there is no need to worry. "The conditions for myopia surgery are only met by the age of 18 or older. Doctors cannot operate on children under 18 years of age. If you wear OK lenses and contact lenses, your ophthalmologist will be able to find out."
In addition, the focus of attention of parents is the contradiction between the burden of school work and the "time grabbing" of physical exercise.
Ms. Wang, a parent of Kunming No. 8 Middle School students, said: “If the pressure of studying in other courses remains unabated, sports may become a new burden. This is why parents support while questioning.”
Professor Luo Zhimin of the School of Education of Zhengzhou University and Professor Wang Kaizhen of the Capital Institute of Physical Education believe that the school-related courses, venues and facilities must keep up with the high school entrance examination for sports to 100 points, otherwise it will push students to extracurricular training institutions and increase the burden on students and parents.
"It is best to teach children basic motor skills and special motor skills through school physical education. I agree that teachers should leave homework for sports for children, but'addition also requires subtraction', and the amount of homework in other courses needs to be reduced accordingly." Luo Zhimin Say.