Field investigation
Who is the invisible pusher of bullying on campus
you, what did you experience (2)
The famous French thinker Voltaire once said that “in the avalanche, no snowflake is innocent”. In front of campus bullying, whether it is the bullies headed by the "Weilai" or the "Chen Nian" who have been repeatedly bullied, the reason for being involved in campus bullying has its profound factors behind it.
Will the poor have something to hate? What kind of family education children are more likely to be involved in bullying on campus? How does the campus environment affect bullying on campus? The "Campus Bullying" research team (hereinafter referred to as the "team") of the School of Education Science and Technology of Zhejiang University of Technology conducted a questionnaire survey on 4100 middle school students in a province for half a year, and recovered 3753 valid questionnaires, which were used as the basis for data analysis. Approaching bullying on campus from three angles of individual, family and school, trying to find the factors that affect middle school students' involvement in bullying on campus.
Group characteristics of bullies and bullies
In life, bullies and bullies have a variety of personal characteristics. Some are tall and strong, some are short and thin; some are popular with the public and some are not liked by classmates; some have good grades and some have poor grades... The team found that the bullies and the bullied are in In some respects, there are still characteristics common to some groups.
Among them, bullies usually behave as: impulsive and unrestrained; narrow-minded and unwilling to accept criticism from others; selfishness, care about others, never consider the interests of others or the collective, when their own interests are not satisfied, He was dissatisfied; he was jealous, strong, and could not allow others to surpass himself.
And students with certain characteristics or habits are indeed more likely to be victims of bullying on campus: they are introverted, like to be alone, and don’t like to make friends; there are certain problems in life habits, such as not being clean, not hygienic, Over-elegance or cleanliness, etc.; people with a few characteristics, such as obese, feminine boys, and gay groups; there are certain problems in interpersonal communication, and they do not pay attention to the occasion or way of doing things; in a certain way, disadvantaged groups, such as short stature, Intellectual or physical defects; pleased type personality, will not refuse the request made by others, tolerate cowardice; love the limelight, like to brag about himself, vanity, strong; appearance is not outstanding, there are obvious birthmarks in the conspicuous place or acne on the face more.
Children raised by generations are more likely to be involved in bullying on campus
In addition to personal characteristics, family factors are also one of the important reasons that affect children's involvement in bullying on campus.
Based on the demographic information of this survey, the team divided the sample family types into intergenerational dependent families and non-intergenerational dependent families. The results of the study found that, compared with children of non-intergenerational families, intergenerational children were more involved in bullying on campus.
The reasons are analyzed by the team. The education concepts of the two generations are different: in non-intergenerational families, the parents of the generation pay more attention to family education. They emphasize the development of children's character and the establishment of rules; the intergenerational family structure relationship is more For the sake of complexity, the lack of parental education is obvious, and most grandparents are spoiling children in the process of raising children, neglecting family education, which is easy to cause children to be selfish, selfish, and domineering.
The team's research found that in the same family, children can get almost the same "emotional warmth" from their ancestors and parents, but in terms of rules and regulations such as "behavior guidance" and "punishment and control", the fathers will be more Specific and strict. Parents pay more attention to the establishment of family authority, the formation of rules and habits, and the constraints of social groups, while the ancestors are guided by "happiness" and more emphasis on the free development of children.
The team believes that this is one of the reasons why the bullying situation of left-behind children is particularly severe.
Negative parenting causes children to be involved in bullying on campus
The team conducted a correlation analysis of parental rearing styles and middle school students’ bullying scores on campus, and found that severe parental punishment would make middle school students more likely to be involved in school bullying.
The team found that both the bully and the bullied, the parenting methods are stricter, and the punishment often given exceeds the children's punishment. The team analyzes that under this parenting method, parents give less guidance to their children on social skills and coping strategies for interpersonal conflicts, and this kind of children are less open to their parents and are unwilling to share their lives with their parents. , Poor psychological adaptability, which prevents them from properly entering interpersonal communication situations, may be more extreme in dealing with social information, often interpreting the behavior of others as hostile, and showing aggressiveness in life, which makes it easier to get involved Into bullying.
As a vital part of child education, family education could have played an important role through intergenerational transmission, such as some successful ideas, judgments of likes and dislikes including how to resist bullying, how to protect yourself, etc., but unfortunately, the team In the survey, it was found that a large part of middle school students' families are limited by life pressure and their parents' cultural qualities, and they have no extra time and energy to educate their children, resulting in a "cliff-style" break of parent-child emotion.
In addition, the team found that some parents did not know how to discipline their children skillfully. After the bullying incident, the parents' inappropriate intervention may even lead to the fermentation of the bullying incident. Some parents originally wanted to educate their children to fight against bullying, but misleading the children by misbehaving such as “fighting to the death”, “being cruel” and “passing on” will make the child bully others or become the target of bullying. Some parents even directly participated in the child's bullying incident after learning that the child was bullied.
None of the schools surveyed has a specific school bullying solution
As the main place where campus bullying occurs, the internal and external environment of the school greatly affects the campus atmosphere and its educational effect, and thus has an important impact on the school's campus bullying.
The school's regulations on campus bullying have an important impact on the incidence of campus bullying incidents. In the dozen or so middle schools surveyed by the team, none of them specifically dealt with bullying on campus. A teacher told the team: "Schools and teachers have different definitions of bullying on campus. Although the state has issued relevant documents, in reality, it is difficult for us to screen bullying incidents on campus and we do not know how to deal with such incidents. ."
Therefore, although most teachers know about the bullying incident, they will not directly participate in it. Their general approach is to conduct school discipline education and social ethics education for students on a large scale, but the disadvantages of this are obvious-bullies are more fearless.
In the interview, a bully told the team: "The teacher didn't do anything, it was education criticizing us, let us write the reason in the manual... Anyway, I was often called to the office and wrote reviews frequently, and I was used to it. I don’t think it’s a big deal, they won’t fire me, things are the same again.”
The team recommends that a uniform and clear definition of campus bullying, and the development of comprehensive pre-prevention, mid-term intervention, and post-disposal programs are very necessary to prevent the occurrence of campus bullying incidents.
In real life, the manifestation of campus bullying is more complicated, and campus bullying incidents between schools in the same area are also endless. In the interview, some students revealed: "Our school is too strict. I usually don't come forward for this kind of thing. I always contact my friends from other schools to help me solve it. Anyway, as long as they are not on their site (school), It’s not easy to be discovered. Besides, their school’s punishment is not strict. I usually help me when I have something.”
The team reminded the school administrators: not only to pay attention to the construction of their own school rules and regulations, but also to strengthen the communication between schools in the area, and strive to achieve collaborative management.
Teachers' intervention in time will encourage bully
The methods and abilities of teachers to interfere with bullying determine whether they can intervene in time for bullying incidents, which is an important factor affecting bullying on school campuses. "Timely intervention" is the basic principle of campus bullying and its key. In the bullying incident on campus, teachers' unclear attitudes and untimely intervention will cause the victims to feel helpless and insecure, so that the bullies have a fluke mentality and encourage the bully's arrogance.
Many teachers reflected their helplessness on this issue, hoping that the school can organize them to participate in relevant training and get parental understanding and cooperation.
"There is a contradiction between the school-level policy and the first-line teachers: the school proposes to save every child. As the class teacher, we also hope to help every child, but we are not full-time psychologists after all, and lack professional psychological knowledge. The problem of bullying can only be solved through preaching or talking, but these methods can not cure bullying on campus. In addition, we also hope to get the cooperation of parents. When the father of a student came to deal with the problem of bullying, he said to us: You lose money quickly, I don’t have time to deal with this matter.”
"Let students invite parents to come to school, and some parents even start scolding their children in front of the teacher. There is obviously a problem with family education, but we cannot solve this root problem."
The team believes that if the school's evaluation mechanism is perfect, the mental health education construction is well implemented, and the promotion of campus bullying-related knowledge is steadily implemented, the chance of students being naturally involved in campus bullying will be reduced. Of course, there is also an indispensable understanding and support of teachers by schools and parents.
Surveillance and alarm equipment improves school students less involved in campus bullying
The school's hardware facilities, mainly monitoring and alarming equipment, are also a major cause of children's involvement in bullying on campus. Because of the high cost of bullying and poor concealment, students who monitor the alarm equipment and improve the school are less likely to participate in campus bullying.
During the interview, a bully told the team: "Of course, we usually choose a hidden place with few people, such as the toilet. It only needs two people to whistle at the door and stare. There is no teacher, it is safe... The other people They don’t complain when they see it, and they don’t dare."
At present, in the ten schools surveyed by the team, although the campus security monitoring system has basically covered the campus, it is mainly based on video surveillance equipment, which can only be used for image storage and post-event review. For the alarm equipment necessary in the security system, there are still drawbacks that the systems are independent and cannot be linked.
In addition, the Internet public opinion brought by the Internet as a "double-edged sword", while maintaining the right of students to speak, has also created many cyberbullying incidents. The team found that compared with the rapid development of the Internet, the school lags far behind in the monitoring of online public opinion. The reason is that the team analysis, on the one hand, is due to the shortage of funds and the shortage of professionals. On the other hand, it is affected by traditional management concepts. School administrators have not realized that campus bullying may have moved from the real scene to the virtual space. As a result, the school failed to collect information and predict the development of public opinion through daily monitoring in a timely manner, thereby aggravating the spread of rumors and cyberbullying.
Homeschooling is the fundamental way to improve bullying on campus
Although the school is the main place where middle school students bullying occurs, but around the school is also a frequent place for campus bullying. Unlike bullying incidents that take place on campus, bullying incidents that take place outside the school tend to be more severe because of the more complicated participants.
In the interview, some classmates said: "After knowing a group of people, they started to get confused. Now they are all brothers who are beaten together and beaten together. They are the same age as us. But if I don’t study, I work outside..."
The team suggested that it is necessary to strengthen the investigation of dangerous people and places around the campus, and building a good environment around the campus is particularly important for ensuring the safety of students and maintaining good order in the school. This is a place that urgently needs the attention of school administrators.
School bullying is a complex social problem, and its influencing factors are also multi-faceted. The team recommends that we take a multi-faceted and multi-angle view of the bullying problem on campus, and pay particular attention to the role of schools in improving bullying on campus. As a bridge connecting students and parents, the school should pay attention not only to the construction of its own campus rules and regulations, but also to cultivate good quality of students and strengthen communication with parents. Unfortunately, the mainstream school evaluation mechanism has always been based on academic performance, which has neglected students' moral education and mental health. Communication with parents is also limited to aspects related to student performance. As a place for teaching and educating people, schools should not only play the role of teaching, but also reflect the value of educating people, and home-school co-education is the fundamental way to better achieve the purpose of educating schools and improve bullying on campus. Therefore, schools should make full use of their faculty, set up parent classrooms, strengthen communication with parents, strive to achieve home-school co-education, and improve bullying on campus.
(Liu Xiao is a professor of Zhejiang University of Technology, Huang Shunju and Wu Mengxue are master students of Zhejiang University of Technology)
Editor: We hope that this is a real round table, as close to reason as possible, as far as possible from saliva, as constructive as possible, talking about the education issues that have been arguing since the beginning of prenatal education. To this end, we pulled out an "education round table".
jiaoyuyuanzhuo@sina.cn, waiting for you to speak.
Liu Xiao Huang Shunju Wu Mengxue Source: China Youth Daily