April 25 is the 34th "National Children's Vaccination Day". What vaccines should children get? Imported or domestically produced seedlings? Cough and fever can delay vaccination? When will the new coronary pneumonia vaccine be available? Does everyone have to fight? In response to these problems, Professor Zhang Wenhong, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Fudan University and leader of the Shanghai New Coronary Pneumonia Medical Treatment Expert Group, was interviewed by the People ’s Daily client in Shanghai.
Which vaccines should children get?
Children with the first type of vaccine must fight, the second type of vaccine advocates to fight
The first type of vaccine is a must for children, and the second type of vaccine will be recommended by doctors. The first-class seedlings and the second-class seedlings are extremely important. If you do not fight, the key population and high-risk population will face great risks. Flu, chickenpox is hard to say, but I strongly recommend it.
Imported or domestically produced seedlings?
The choice can be diverse, the core issue is whether to vaccinate
Relevant Chinese departments have extremely high requirements on the quality of vaccines, and now the global quality requirements for vaccines are very high. However, under the same circumstances, the domestic vaccine supply chain is relatively large, and the unit price is relatively low. Imported vaccines are relatively expensive. Imported seedlings now use a combined seedling technique, and several seedlings fight together. For example, some low-cost vaccines may require a few injections in order to get immunized, but if a combination of injections knocks out several of the vaccines together, the price will be much higher.
I don't think these are the core issues of vaccination. The core issue is whether you can't get the vaccine. As for which vaccine to vaccinate, in fact, each has its own measurement system. So I also hope that the doctors at the vaccination site can properly introduce the types of vaccination that are available now and let parents choose for themselves.
Can the child cough and fever delay the vaccination?
There is no major problem after a week or two of delay
If the vaccine needs to be vaccinated, the sooner the better, the earlier it is vaccinated, the earlier it will be protected. If the child has a cough, fever and headache in recent days, the vaccination can be delayed. There is no major problem in delaying vaccination for a week or two. It's better not to drag it too long.
Now work has resumed, and the child has started school. I think you should find a time to vaccinate your child during the first week of going out, and the second week if you are not available. There is a risk of aggregation, so try to get the vaccine as early as possible.
Everyone has been vaccinated and it ’s safe if I do n’t.
Not recommended for risk
People often think of it this way. Everyone hits it. I did n’t hit it. I have an immune barrier. If everyone has done this for a long time, the immune barrier rate will become lower and lower. As long as someone does not get the vaccine, your own risk and the risk of the group will increase, which is related to the rate of not receiving the vaccine. It is not recommended that everyone take this risk.
Which vaccines should adults vaccinate?
Influenza vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, etc.
There are several vaccines for adults. I especially want to remind everyone. Every winter there will be a large outbreak of influenza, this risk is a great risk for the elderly and adults. It is also best for women to fight HPV before they reach adulthood to prevent cervical cancer. There are also some high-risk groups, such as those with more blood contact, such as doctors and places where people gather, if you have not been vaccinated against hepatitis B before, the hepatitis B vaccine must also be eliminated.
How is the new coronary pneumonia vaccine progressing?
Several routes for vaccine development in China go hand in hand
There are many kinds of new crown vaccines internationally. China is already ahead. Several routes in China go hand in hand, and some have entered Phase II clinical research. There are also vaccines in the United States that have entered Phase II. In the end, which effect is good, we also need to evaluate its adverse reactions, its antibody titer, protection, as well as safety, blocking success rate, etc., combined to determine which is best.
Will we become the vaccine mice?
The Phase III clinical study can only be performed after it is safe
We are accelerating the development of vaccines, which does not mean that we give up the evaluation of its efficacy and adverse reactions. Why did the vaccine come out and I can't get you right now? It is because although the approval process is accelerated, its quality cannot be reduced and the requirements for vaccines cannot be reduced. It must be the completion of the Phase III clinical study. The Phase III study is safe before calling the people. Where there is something about the little mouse, if you want to be a little mouse, we can't do it. Safe and effective is the bottom line, absolutely cannot break through, no matter how anxious.
Does the new crown vaccine need to be administered by everyone?
Depends on several data
This question is a bit far away. Whether or not everyone will fight by then depends on several data: first, how big is the adverse reaction; second, how high is its protection rate; third, how high is the epidemic in the world at the time; fourth, death from illness To what extent will the rate drop. All of these will come out at that time, and everyone will start to assess whether we are worth fighting. Whether or not to vaccinate is not a simple matter, but to measure so many things.
Does the new crown vaccine need to be given every year?
It seems that the probability of playing every year is low
In principle, like herpes virus or coronavirus, if there is no major mutation in this virus, we do not need to be vaccinated repeatedly. But it is too early for us to talk about this matter. Regarding how to administer the new crown vaccine in the future, get it out first, and then come out to find out whether it will need to be administered every year in the future. Now it seems that the probability of playing every year is low.
Will the new crown of autumn and winter overlap with the flu this year?
Use flu vaccine to reduce the risk of co-infection
Will the flu virus overlap with the new coronary pneumonia? of course. In winter, the incidence of influenza is high. When the time comes, it will be mixed with the new crown. What you think is the new crown, the patient will stay in the observation room of the new crown, and the new crown and influenza will spread between each other.
This year, I will definitely get the flu vaccine, at least to greatly reduce the risk of co-infection. Generally speaking, we believe that the new crown and flu are superimposed, and we need to reduce this risk. Once we become ill, at least we will get the flu vaccine, and it will not further deteriorate due to combined infection.
Will Changyang patients be infected?
Changyang also needs to confirm conclusively that prevention and control need not be too tangled
I do n’t particularly agree with the new crown Changyang, because the Wuhan case came out in January, and it is only 3 months now. We generally do n’t think of it as Changyang in 3 months, and the chronic carrying status in the world is as long as 6 Months are counted as Changyang, but if there are positives from 3 months to June, we will pay full attention.
Second, in the so-called Changyang, I also pay special attention to whether this is a live virus or a dead virus. If the nucleic acid is detected, it does not mean that it is a live virus. There are still many scientific things to do. I personally feel that the prevention and control of the new crown does not need to be too tangled. The so-called Changyang and chronic carrying have no scientific basis to prove it, and it will not cause a particularly great impact on the entire population.
Responding to the controversy about "don't drink porridge for breakfast"
It ’s good to have discussions
Everyone will have disputes on some issues. For example, the question of whether to eat porridge or not will spur hundreds of millions of discussions. These things are beyond my imagination, but I think it is good to have discussions. It doesn't matter this kind of thing, we are now afraid that everyone does not know. I believe that most people who are not engaged in this field still need some neutral, objective and trustworthy knowledge. I hope to be sustainable-of course I don't have much time-to provide this knowledge continuously.
Source: People's Daily client, interview: Zuo Xiao, text compilation: Yue Xiaoqiao, Wang Rong