China Revises Infrastructure and Other Franchise Policies to Address Difficulty in Entry of Private Enterprises. China launched a PPP boom in 2014, moving towards another model in which project revenue is highly dependent on government payment.

In the last round of PPP promotion, state-owned enterprises, especially construction-related central enterprises, gained more competitive opportunities. The benefits gained from improving business management and improving technology belong to the franchisees, according to a researcher at the Investment Research Institute of the China Academy of Macroeconomics.