Our reporter Wan Jing
Recently, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has solicited public opinions on the "Residential Project Specifications (Draft for Comment)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Draft for Comment").
The "Draft for Comments" requires that, for supporting facilities, residential projects should be equipped with motor vehicle parking spaces; the number of supporting parking spaces should be comprehensively determined according to the local motorization development level, the location of residential projects, land use and public transportation conditions. Energy vehicle charging facilities or reserved installation conditions.
A reporter from the "Rule of Law Daily" learned that the "Draft for Comments" involves many aspects such as residential living environment, building space, structural safety, indoor environment, and building equipment. Some standards have been improved compared with the current standards, which responds to the majority of residents' desire for a better living. The higher demands of life, in which the relevant regulations on the problem of "difficulty in charging" electric vehicles are particularly noticeable.
Unable to build private charging piles
The owner hesitates to pick up the car
Ms. Meng, who works for a state-owned enterprise in Beijing, has been very troubled recently. She bought a Tesla electric car at the end of last year, because the community property where she lived in responded to her application for "building a private charging pile in the parking space" with various The reason for refusal or prevarication made her hesitate to pick up the car, and now she is ready to sell the car at a discount.
In recent years, my country's electric vehicle production and sales have both increased significantly, but the "charging pile shortage" problem that plagues the development of electric vehicles has always been an unavoidable obstacle.
Although the state has introduced various policies to support new energy vehicles, there are many cases in the newspapers that car owners are blocked from building charging piles in the community.
In addition to Ms. Meng above, Mr. An, who lives in Xicheng, Beijing, is also fed up with the "fugitiveness" of charging his car.
Mr. An's community does not object to him building charging piles, but it is stipulated that the owner should pay for the underground cables, which is 100 yuan per meter, and the cost of optical cables exceeds 10,000 yuan.
In desperation, he had to buy a wire of more than 100 meters and two sockets with metering, and "flying line charging" from the seventh floor where he lived every day.
In order to solve the problem of "difficulty in charging" electric vehicles in residential areas, Beijing has successively introduced a number of measures, requiring property owners to support owners in building charging piles.
As early as 2014, the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, and the Municipal Finance Bureau issued the "Detailed Rules for the Construction and Management of Charging Facilities for Demonstration and Application of New Energy Passenger Vehicles in Beijing" and "Detailed Rules for the Management of Financial Subsidy Funds for Demonstration and Application of New Energy Passenger Vehicles in Beijing". ”, detailed regulations on the construction process, charging costs, and financial subsidies of self-use charging facilities, and clearly pointed out that the community property and industry committees should support and cooperate with the construction of charging facilities.
The "Draft for Comments" clearly stated that residential projects should be equipped with motor vehicle parking spaces; at the same time, new energy vehicle charging facilities should be equipped or installation conditions should be reserved.
It is understood that in order to adapt to the general rules of international technical regulations and technical standards, since 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has proposed a work plan for the government to formulate mandatory standards and social groups to formulate voluntary standards, and it is clear that the full text of mandatory engineering construction specifications will gradually replace the current ones. The reform plan of the scattered mandatory provisions in the standard gradually forms a "technical regulations" system consisting of technical regulations in laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules and full text mandatory engineering construction specifications.
In this regard, Xiong Wenzhao, a professor at the Law School of Minzu University of China, pointed out: "After the implementation of the mandatory engineering construction specifications, the mandatory provisions in the current national and industrial standards for related engineering construction will be abolished at the same time. The mandatory provisions in the current local engineering construction standards should be It should be revised in a timely manner, and must not be lower than the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction specifications. Once the above provisions of the "Draft for Comment" are implemented, it will be a mandatory construction engineering specification that residential quarters are equipped with new energy vehicle charging facilities or reserved installation conditions. , which will greatly reduce the phenomenon of wrangling and buck-passing during the construction process.”
Severely insufficient charging facilities
Restrict the development of electric vehicles
At present, my country has become the world's largest new energy vehicle market.
Among new energy vehicles, pure electric vehicles have received the most preferential treatment from government policies in the past few years and have become the largest segment in the new energy vehicle market.
However, the inconvenience of energy supplementation has also become the biggest obstacle to the development of the electric vehicle industry, which is mainly manifested in the serious shortage of charging infrastructure, long waiting and charging time, and uneven distribution of charging facilities.
According to data released by the China Business Industry Research Institute, as of December 31, 2020, less than 25% of households in first-tier cities have parking spaces where home charging piles can be installed, so a large number of pure electric vehicle owners have to rely on public charging infrastructure. The ratio of new energy vehicle ownership to public charging piles is 6.1:1.
It is understood that public charging piles can be divided into slow charging piles and fast charging piles.
At present, fast charging piles only account for 38.3% of the total number of public charging piles, and the ratio of new energy vehicle ownership to public fast charging piles is 15.9:1.
Generally speaking, it takes 30 to 60 minutes to fully charge a public fast charging pile.
Public slow-charging stations take hours to fully charge electric vehicle batteries.
Coupled with the search, long distances and waiting in line, the actual time spent by the car owner will be longer.
Electric vehicle charging piles in big cities such as Beijing are mainly distributed in public underground parking lots, parking lots in residential areas and office areas, gas stations or expressway service areas, while schools, hospitals and other places with a large flow of people and vehicles are around. However, there are serious shortages of charging piles and crowded queues.
It is urgent to promote the construction of charging facilities in residential quarters, but the obstacles cannot be ignored.
A staff member of the property in Mr. An's community told reporters that the installation of home charging piles is not profitable for the property, and it also increases the workload, so most properties have the mentality of "more than less".
At the same time, the installation and use of charging piles also need to bear corresponding responsibilities. If it is the owner's personal parking space, the property should bear the responsibility for safety risks; if it is a shared parking space or leased in the community, it is necessary to seek the opinions of other owners, so it is often left unresolved.
In addition, the complicated procedures are also a headache for operators.
A charging pile operating company showed reporters a charging pile construction application business process table, including several processes such as electricity application, determination of plan, engineering design, engineering construction, completion acceptance, meter installation and power connection.
Among them, it takes about 15 working days to determine the plan, about 10 working days for engineering design, about 5 working days for project acceptance, about 5 working days for meter installation and power connection, and the whole process theoretically takes at least 35 working days. , while the actual wait time is longer.
Improve service assurance capabilities
Get through the "last mile"
All along, my country has strongly supported the construction of charging facilities.
In 2012, the State Council issued the "Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012-2020)", proposing to "actively promote the construction of charging facilities".
In September 2015, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure", which clarified the policy direction of the charging pile industry for the first time.
At the end of 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued a notice on the "Action Plan for Improving the Charging Support Capability of New Energy Vehicles", requiring further support for the innovation of charging facilities operation models and guiding local governments. Financial subsidies have shifted from subsidizing purchases to subsidizing operations, and gradually shifting local financial purchase subsidies to supporting the construction and operation of charging infrastructure, and the use and operation of new energy vehicles.
With the support of favorable policies from the central government, many local governments in my country have also issued plans for the construction of charging piles or related subsidy policies, which have promoted the development of charging infrastructure to a certain extent, and the construction of public charging piles has achieved remarkable results.
However, the construction of charging piles in residential quarters in the private sector has encountered a lot of resistance.
Liu Junhai, a professor at the School of Law of Renmin University of China, analyzed that, as the "last mile" of charging pile construction, the construction of charging piles in the community seems to be a matter between the property and the owner, but in fact, the property is not limited by its responsibilities. Able to solve all the problems faced in the construction process.
Therefore, in order for the charging piles of new energy vehicles to enter the community smoothly, it is necessary to cooperate with relevant government departments, take the initiative to intervene, and make a difference in laws, policies and supervision, in order to solve the predicament.
For example, local government departments should, through the guidance of laws, regulations and policies, urge the property owners to take the initiative to serve the owners, and minimize the resistance of the owners and enterprises to build charging piles.
At the same time, the government should actively coordinate enterprises, especially power enterprises, to continuously promote the transformation and upgrading of power infrastructure according to the actual situation and needs, and encourage communities and enterprises to make good use of big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies to carry out refined management and avoid charging. The repeated construction of the piles ensures the balanced distribution and efficient use of the charging piles.
In response to the difficulty of building piles in residential communities, on January 10, 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Guarantee Capability of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure", requiring management units and owners of residential communities such as properties The committee actively cooperated and supported, cleared obstacles for the construction of charging piles in residential communities, and clarified the requirements for the construction and installation of charging piles in existing residential communities and new residential communities, providing a basis for subsequent related work.
Xiong Wenzhao believes that with the continuous popularization of new energy vehicles, there will be more and more calls for charging piles to enter the community.
As long as the government listens widely to the voices of enterprises and consumers, and takes the initiative to take the initiative to break through the obstacles on the road of charging pile construction, so that the charging pile becomes the standard infrastructure like water, electricity and gas, then the charging dilemma of new energy vehicles will be solved. is expected to be completely resolved.