A Day in the Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative (New Economic Orientation Spring Farming Front Line)
The red sun is rising, and the country road stretches to the end of the rice field.
The breeze came and blew off the rain marks on the dwarf holly.
The egret stretches its body and shines its wings on the field ridge.
In the countryside, spring is in full swing.
Not far away, Tao Zhe, a post-00 agricultural machine operator from Aeon Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative in Gangwan Village, Huangpi District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, sat in the tractor cab and tapped the screen.
At the rear of the machine, the rotary plough slowly descends and starts to work according to the set horsepower.
The young man who just graduated from university said: "Smart agricultural machinery has made spring farming a pleasant thing."
tillage
Autonomous driving, scientific and efficient farming
Putting on his plastic boots, Tao Zhe jumped out of the car and stepped out of the paddy field.
There was no one in the cab, only the steering wheel turned, leaving a straight rut.
A few days ago, Tao Zhe drove a tractor and positioned the four vertices of the rectangular plot.
A touchable smart screen is erected above the tractor to display the latitude and longitude coordinates of the four corners; the unmanned system installed on the tractor immediately generates a farming route according to the shape of the plot.
"As long as the parameters are adjusted on the screen, and the selected plot is activated with one click, the machine will automatically cultivate the land according to the planned route without any other manual operations." Tao Zhe said.
When the tractor turns, the plow is raised, and after a while, it is slowly lowered again.
Looking at the reporter's puzzled eyes, Tao Zhe said with a smile that this is because the machine is equipped with hydraulic and electrical control technology, which automatically lifts the plow when turning around to protect the edge of the rice field from damage.
Looking in the direction of Tao Zhe's finger, a line of red letters was engraved on the stone tablet hidden by the grass: High-standard farmland.
Hu Dan, chairman of the cooperative, told reporters that in the past, ridges divided the land into scattered fields of different shapes, and 5% of the paddy field of 1 mu was ridges.
In 2015, the 5,000 mu of land transferred by the cooperative was selected into the national comprehensive agricultural development land management project. The ridge was leveled, the machine-farming road was widened, the water dividers and the culverts and pipes crossing the road were repaired, and the "small fields" became "large fields", and agricultural machinery became "live". , and never worry about being trapped in the ground again.
Tanaka's accumulated rain increased the resistance of the machine.
If you drive traditional agricultural machinery, you need to constantly adjust the height and speed of the agricultural machinery, and it is easy to drive in a twisty way, making it difficult to level the ground.
"When the land is ploughed deeply, the loess turns into gold." Hu Dan said that if the ground is not ploughed deeply and unevenly, irrigation will be affected, thereby reducing yields.
Now, guided by a navigation device, the self-driving tractor follows a straight path with an accuracy of less than 2.5 centimeters.
After 12 minutes, the cultivation of the 3 mu of land was completed, and the operation efficiency was nearly 20% higher than that of traditional agricultural machinery.
After rotary tillage, the lumps of soil are stirred into finely divided mud, and the rice can be planted when the ground temperature rises.
kind
Intelligent seedling raising, precise quality control
The sun began to rise.
After completing the farming task, Tao Zhe went to the centralized seedling raising greenhouse near the rice field.
"Seeds become seedlings, and they have to go through three steps: soaking, germination, and seedling raising."
Rice seeds are precious.
Too much water will make it rotten, and too little water will dry up; if the temperature is low, it will not germinate, and if the temperature is high, the buds will burn out.
Hu Dan's father, Hu Ronghua, is an "old-fashioned" farmer. "In the past, when the seeds germinated, I had to sleep in the field at night, for fear that the rice seeds would freeze and become thirsty. Now we can sleep peacefully."
It turned out that the cooperative has added two smart germination machines, each of which can hold 200 kilograms of seeds.
The germination machine is equipped with sensors to control the internal temperature and humidity, and the temperature and humidity will accurately appear on the screen.
Turn on the switch, the barrel-shaped germination machine automatically rotates, so that the seeds are evenly heated.
Once it is detected that the seeds lack water, the germination machine will issue a voice broadcast, and then add water.
After 24 hours of soaking and 12 hours of urging, the rice seeds emerged with cyan tips.
The curtain was opened, and the heat in the seedling greenhouse was steaming.
Tao Zhe stacked the seedling tray on the self-propelled seedling planter to form a hill. "The seedling tray is like a square 'hamburger', including several layers of soil and organic fertilizer." , the seedling trays are arranged in a row on the ground.
The water gate was opened, and the drip irrigation equipment in the form of a small chandelier began to spray water.
According to Tao Zhe, after a month, these seedlings can grow to a height of about 20 cm.
Put the seedling tray directly into the seedling box of the automatic rice transplanter, and you can plant thousands of acres of farmland in 10 days.
The seedling shed is a three-dimensional space. Hu Dan has been thinking about how to use facility agriculture to improve space utilization.
Recently, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences has developed a rotary multi-layer seedbed, which uses a variable-speed transmission device to complete racking, fertilization, and inspection at a fixed station, with extremely low energy consumption.
After Hu Dan's inspection, he immediately decided to introduce it.
"After a period of time, the multi-layer seedbed can be put into use, and the space utilization rate can be at least 5 times higher than the current single-layer seedling tray." Hu Dan said.
Tube
Efficient management and construction of unmanned farms
In the afternoon, the sun is hot.
Along the cement road, the sea of rapeseed flowers is golden and brilliant, which contrasts with the sparkling lake.
For crops to grow well, field management is crucial.
Tao Zhe said that the cooperative has two agricultural plant protection drones to carry out large-scale flight control for weeding and disease prevention.
Extend the arms and adjust the blades.
Start the remote control, the rotor buzzes, the drone takes off and flies according to the planned route.
The potion was sprayed downward, and the nearly 100 acres of rapeseed fields were completed in only 1 hour.
After the plant protection drone was sent to the warehouse, Tao Zhe returned to the rice field where he was ploughed in the morning, and learned from professionals to use low-altitude surveying and mapping remote sensing drones to photograph the terrain.
Liu Fubi, the project consultant of Guangzhou Jifei Technology Co., Ltd., created a task on the mobile phone, "Flying in a 'well' shape to make the three-dimensional picture clearer." The drone receives the command, and the picture data is transmitted to the mobile phone in real time.
Turn on the smart agriculture system in the computer, conduct 3D modeling of the collected images and elevation data, and a topographic analysis map will be presented in front of you.
"Cool colors represent low terrain, and warm colors represent high terrain. Draw a line segment, systematically analyze the profile data of the line segment, and obtain the height difference. As can be seen in the picture, the land that has been cultivated by the unmanned tractor is very flat." Liu Fubi said, In the smart agricultural system, each plot has its own QR code file, and all operations in the farmland can be traced back, which is convenient for using data to assist production decisions.
The purpose of Liu Fubi's trip is to provide support for the cooperative to build an "unmanned farm".
Take irrigation as an example.
High-definition basemaps captured by drones show a small river running through the fields.
When watering crops, the river water is pumped along the pipeline through the pump valve to the reservoir at a higher position, and manual pumping is required where the pool water cannot flow by itself.
During the spring ploughing period, the water consumption is large. Liu Fubi believes that this irrigation method is a bit complicated, and a more convenient irrigation path should be designed through process optimization.
With the IoT sensors installed in the field, when it is detected that the seedlings need to be watered, the system will issue an early warning, the pumping station will be turned on remotely, and the water level will be automatically controlled to achieve unmanned management.
Tao Zhe on the side listened carefully.
In addition to using intelligent agricultural machinery, Tao Zhe is also planning to learn programming and make some customized transformation of the intelligent agricultural system to meet the needs of different agricultural affairs.
"My goal is to become an 'agricultural engineer'." Tao Zhe is ambitious.
"This is the trend of agriculture in the future - the deep integration of intelligent agricultural machinery and digital information technology, the integration of people, machines, materials and resources, to realize the digital transformation of agriculture." Liu Fubi said.
Our reporter Qiang Yuwen