The way out of the crisis does not incorporate young people into the labor market. Almost one in two people with less than 30 years and in a position to work does not do it well because it does not find an opportunity, either because it leaves the urgency aside and prefers to improve its training to aspire to a better contract. It is a much lower proportion than the one prior to the crisis, when the activity rate of this group reached 70% compared to the current 51%, according to data from the Bank of Spain.

"The current economic recovery is based on a pattern that, unlike what happened in the previous expansion, does not encourage young people to leave the education system," concludes the agency.

The study of the Bank of Spain does not delve into the reasons why young people delay their entry into the labor market, nor do they assess whether it is a late access age from a social, economic, demographic point of view ... According to the Survey of the Active Population of the Ministry of Labor, in the first quarter of this year there were about 6.6 million young people between 16 and 29 who represent 17% of the population of working age. However, since the outbreak of the crisis, this group has reduced its presence by going from representing 23.9% of employment in the first quarter of 2007 to the current 13.5%.

The Ministry of Labor blames the loss of prominence of young people in aging employment, as well as the decrease in the activity rate due to the extension of studies , a fall that is more intense in the industrial and construction sectors and which, at the other end, has one of the most common activities in the hospitality industry.

This analysis also highlights the fact that the employment of younger workers has high rates of temporary employment (54% up to 29 years); part-time contracts (26%) . Salaries are also noticeably lower. Compared to 23,646 euros of average annual earnings per worker in the labor market as a whole, the age range that goes from 20 to 24 years earns half and for the ages between 25 and 29 years it amounts to 16,440.6 euros , that is, 44% less. The report justifies these differences in lower levels of qualification acquired, relevance of the job and type of contract, experience, seniority in the company, which weighs more than productivity in collective agreements, highlights Work.

It is the case of those who do not work and do not study, known as ninis. But it is a group whose proportion "has been reduced considerably since the end of the crisis," says the Bank of Spain. Specifically, it is now lower in more than 600,000 people to the maximum of 1.7 million reached in 2012, and lower in about 17,000 people to the level reached in 2007.

The fact is that those under 30 seem little attracted to the conditions of access to the labor market. On the one hand, its flow of entry to the group of the active population has been reduced and, on the other, it increases that of those who abandon the search for employment to form.

That is one of the main reasons why the postponement of job search seems to occur beyond 30 years among the most active. «Although a person who obtains a maximum of the ESO degree has comparatively high activity rates during the first years of his career, this is usually shorter, which affects the total income throughout the career» , explains the Bank of Spain.

These better results are translated in terms of unemployment rate and level of remuneration. According to the data of the Active Population Survey, the unemployment rate of university students in this age group amounts to 15% compared to 34% of those with a maximum of 34%. Thus, training could be understood as an investment. The Bank of Spain concludes positively by stating that the decrease in the activity rate of young people "could be offset by increases in the activity and productivity of this generation in the future."

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