Recently, the "China Statistical Yearbook 2022" compiled and published by the National Bureau of Statistics announced the average wages of employed persons in urban units in 31 provinces in 2021.
The data shows that in 2021, the average salary of employed persons in urban units across the country will maintain a growth trend, and the average salary of non-private units in urban areas across the country will exceed the 100,000 yuan mark for the first time.
Non-private units in Beijing and Shanghai cities exceed 190,000 yuan
What is the concept of average salary?
According to the interpretation of the National Bureau of Statistics, the average wage refers to the per capita level of wages paid by the unit during the reporting period, which is obtained by dividing the total wages in the reporting period by the average number of people in the reporting period.
Wage statistics mainly count employees employed by legal entities, while self-employed persons, freelancers and other non-unit employees are not included in the wage statistics.
Average salary statistics are divided into private units and non-private units in urban areas, among which non-private units in urban areas include state-owned units, urban collective units, joint ventures, joint-stock units, foreign investment, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment and other units.
What was the national average salary last year?
The data shows that in 2021, the average annual salary of employees employed in urban non-private units across the country will be 106,837 yuan, breaking through the 100,000 yuan mark for the first time, an increase of 9,458 yuan over the previous year, and a nominal increase of 9.7%. Compared with 46,769 yuan in 2012, an increase of more than double.
The average annual salary of employees in urban private units across the country is 62,884 yuan, an increase of 5,157 yuan over the previous year, a nominal increase of 8.9%, and more than double the 28,752 yuan in 2012.
In terms of provinces, among urban non-private units, the average salary of employees in 10 provinces including Beijing, Shanghai, Tibet, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Chongqing exceeded 100,000 yuan. The average salary exceeds 190,000 yuan, and Tibet ranks third, exceeding 140,000 yuan.
In terms of distribution, the 10 provinces include the four municipalities of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing, the three eastern economic provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong, and the three western provinces of Tibet, Qinghai, and Ningxia.
Among the urban private units, Beijing is also the highest, with more than 100,000 yuan; followed by Shanghai, with more than 96,000 yuan.
In addition, the average wages in Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Tibet and other provinces are above the national level.
The reporter learned that the average wage level is affected by various factors such as industry development, enterprise economic benefits, and labor supply and demand.
At the same time, with economic and social development, wage growth also has certain rigid characteristics.
"In 2021, various policies and measures for coordinating epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development have achieved remarkable results, and the 'six stability' and 'six guarantees' have been solidly advanced. As the national economy continues to recover, the average wage of employees in urban units will continue to increase steadily." Wang Pingping, director of the Department of Population and Employment Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, said.
Steady growth in manufacturing wages
Which industry wages are high?
It is understood that the industry classification standards for wage statistics are implemented in accordance with the "National Economic Industry Classification", including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery; mining industry; manufacturing and other 19 industry categories.
Among the urban non-private units, the information transmission, software and information technology service industry had the highest annual average salary of 201,506 yuan, followed by the scientific research and technology service industry and the financial industry, all exceeding 150,000 yuan, 151,776 yuan and 150,843 yuan respectively.
The wage levels of the three major industries are 1.89 times, 1.42 times and 1.41 times of the national average level respectively.
In addition, there are 12 industries whose annual average wages exceed the 100,000 yuan mark, three more than in 2020.
Among the urban private units, the average salary of the information transmission, software and information technology service industry is still the highest, at 114,618 yuan, which is the only industry with more than 100,000 yuan.
Followed by the financial industry, scientific research and technical services, respectively 95416 yuan, 77708 yuan.
On the whole, the salary levels of the information transmission, software and information technology service industry, financial industry, scientific research and technical service industry are among the highest in all industries.
Why are wages high in these industries?
When interpreting the relevant data, Wang Pingping said that with the development of informatization, the wage level and growth rate of the information transmission, software and information technology service industries have been maintained at a relatively high level in recent years. In addition to the need for epidemic prevention and control, the demand for online consumption is strong. This has contributed to the increase in average wages in the Internet and related service industries.
In 2021, the average wages of employees employed in urban non-private and urban private units in the information transmission, software and information technology service industries will increase by 13.5% and 13.2% respectively.
In 2021, the financial industry will improve, the performance of financial institutions will pick up, some securities companies and investment companies will increase their salaries, and the capital market service industry will increase significantly. Among non-private units in cities and towns, the average salary of the capital market service industry will increase by 21.2%. Companies have reduced staff to increase efficiency, a large number of insurance agents have decreased, and the average salary level has increased, all of which have led to a rapid increase in the average salary of the financial industry.
In 2021, the average wages of employees employed in urban non-private and urban private units in the financial industry will increase by 13.1% and 15.1% respectively.
It is worth noting that in 2021, under the strong impetus of policies and measures to ensure supply and stabilize prices and help companies bail out, the production of manufacturing enterprises will gradually resume, the efficiency will continue to improve, and the average wages of employees will maintain a steady growth. The average wages in private units increased by 11.7% and 10.4% respectively, reaching 92,459 and 63,946 yuan.
Among non-private units in cities and towns, the average salary growth rate of culture, education, industry, art, sports and entertainment products manufacturing industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry is higher, which is 2 times higher than the average salary growth rate of all manufacturing industries. more than a percentage point.
An important basis for formulating industrial and people's livelihood policies
What is the relationship between average salary and personal income level?
According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the average salary of employees in urban units reflects the pre-tax salary level, including personal income tax, social insurance funds, housing provident funds and other personal contributions that the unit withholds from individual wages.
Therefore, the published average salary is not equal to the actual salary received.
The relevant person in charge of the National Bureau of Statistics also introduced before that due to the different industries, regions, and economic benefits of each unit, as well as the different positions of individuals, the salary level varies from high to low.
In fact, wages generally exhibit a positively skewed distribution, with the mean tending to be above the general level, that is, most individual data are below the mean.
Therefore, to understand wage gaps and changes more accurately, we must not only look at the overall average data, but also conduct specific analysis in combination with more detailed wage data by region, industry, and job.
However, the average wage can reflect the overall wage level of a region or industry, which plays an important role in understanding the development of a region or industry, formulating or adjusting policies related to industrial development and people's livelihood.
For example, the data shows that in 2021, the average wage level of labor-intensive service industries such as accommodation and catering, resident service repairs, and other service industries is low, and compared with other industries, the growth rate has also been at a low level.
Many experts believe that contact service industries such as the catering industry have been greatly impacted in recent years, but these industries have a strong ability to absorb employment and are closely related to people's livelihood protection. They should continue to refine and implement various targeted relief measures that have been introduced. promote its steady development.
In addition, the average wage is also related to the welfare and rights of employees.
The average salary can be used as an important basis for collecting and paying various social insurance and housing provident funds, formulating minimum wage standards and minimum security standards for urban and rural residents. It is an important basis for the government to scientifically formulate economic and social development plans and distribution policies. Point standards, etc. have an important reference role.
In an interview with our reporter, Su Hainan, a special researcher at the China Labor Association, suggested that in addition to the average salary, the release of data such as high, median, and low salaries should be considered, so that all types of people in the society can find out the salary level of their own group. where you are.
The combination of these data will not only be able to see the wage level and economic development trend of the whole society, but also an important reference for the adjustment of economic structure and the formulation and implementation of income distribution policies.
(People's Daily Overseas Edition reporter: Li Jie)