The archaeology, which can be traced back to thousands of years and thousands of years, has become more and more interesting: on the screen, you can watch archaeological and cultural variety shows, and the archaeological progress of the Sanxingdui site even needs to be "chased" (an online catchphrase, referring to the "chasing"). A drama that is being updated - Reporter's Note); the archaeological site has been transformed into a ruins park, which has become a good place for young people to play daily; in the face of the annual selection of the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China" by the archaeological community, archaeologists also "Roll" up, design posters, start live broadcasts...
Modern Chinese archaeology, born from the first shovel in Yangshao Village, will usher in its centenary in 2021.
Compared with history, archaeology is very young; and for young people who are concerned about archaeology, in the past 10 years, the sun and the moon in Chinese archaeology have changed.
Some secrets about the origin of Chinese civilization have been answered in the past 10 years: around 5,800 years ago, signs of the origin of civilization appeared in areas such as the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the West Liao River; around 5,300 years ago, all parts of China The region has gradually entered the stage of civilization; around 3,800 years ago, the Central Plains region has formed a more mature civilization, and has radiated cultural influence to the Quartet, becoming the core and leader of the general process of Chinese civilization.
The question of where China's archaeology will go has seen its direction in the past 10 years: in 2021, the General Office of the State Council issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for Cultural Relics Protection and Scientific and Technological Innovation", which is the first time that the cultural relics field planning has been upgraded to a national-level special project planning.
Archaeology has a vigorous vitality. Whether it is archaeologists or the public who are willing to learn about archaeology, it is possible to continue the dusty history when these young eyes pay attention.
Sanxingdui "shangxin" shipwreck "out of water" to explore the origin of Chinese civilization
Since 2012, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage has organized and implemented more than 1,900 active archaeological excavation projects.
Major discoveries have been made in archaeological work such as the Liangzhu site in Zhejiang, the Shimao site in Shaanxi, the Erlitou site in Henan, and the Sanxingdui site in Sichuan, which further outlines the origin of the Chinese civilization and the historical process of the development of pluralism.
The Sanxingdui Ruins, located in Sanxingdui Town, Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, can be called the "top stream" of archaeology that has attracted public attention in the past two years.
Since October 2020, the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology has carried out archaeological exploration and excavation in the area of Sanxingdui Pit 1 and Pit 2 excavated in 1986, and successively discovered 6 new "sacrificial pits", which are constantly "new" important cultural relics.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, with the launch of the "Archaeological China" major project, it focused on the origin of human beings in China, the origin of civilization, the formation of Chinese civilization, the establishment and development of a unified multi-ethnic country, and the important position of Chinese civilization in the history of world civilization, etc. Key issues, 16 major archaeological projects planned by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and "Archaeological China Xia Culture Research".
Among them, the Chinese Civilization Origin Project has launched the fifth stage of research tasks.
The project proposes prominent features that mark China's entry into a civilized society, breaking the discourse monopoly of "civilization standards" in Western academic circles.
my country is a big country with both land and sea, and 241 underwater cultural relic sites have been confirmed so far.
Five underwater cultural relics, including the Beijiao shipwreck site, have been announced as national key cultural relics protection units.
In the past 10 years, my country's underwater archaeology and underwater cultural heritage protection have developed rapidly.
In 2014, the Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage was established independently, and my country has since then had a specialized and independent national-level underwater cultural heritage protection research institution.
Born in 1962, Cui Yong, deputy director of the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, is one of the first underwater archaeologists in China.
In 2001, he dived for the first time and became the first archaeologist to touch the "Nanhai No. 1" underwater.
Today, the overall salvage and archaeological protection of the "Nanhai No. 1" shipwreck has achieved phased results, and more than 180,000 pieces (sets) of various relics have been extracted, providing precious first-hand information for understanding the business situation of the Maritime Silk Road during the Southern Song Dynasty. .
"Marriage" with technology, multi-disciplinary integration
Nowadays, modern technology is playing an increasingly important role in archaeological work. Multi-view image 3D reconstruction technology, low-altitude shooting technology, airborne laser scanning remote sensing, etc., are widely used in archaeological investigation and mapping.
During the archaeological excavation of the Sanxingdui site in 2020, the laboratory was simply built on the site of the archaeological site.
Archaeological excavation cabins, integrated excavation platforms, and multi-functional excavation operating systems help comprehensively extract remains information; organic laboratories, inorganic laboratories, emergency analysis laboratories, cultural preservation studios, and micro-mark emergency protection laboratories ensure that the unearthed cultural relics are the first time is effectively protected.
Archaeology has been deeply integrated with natural sciences, humanities and social sciences: animal and plant archaeology, environmental archaeology, carbon 14 dating, isotope analysis, micro-trace analysis, DNA extraction and detection of human remains, etc., which have been widely used.
More than 30 units participated in the current round of excavations at the Sanxingdui site.
Ran Honglin, director of the Sanxingdui Archaeological Research Institute of the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said: "Multidisciplinary researchers from different units not only participate in archaeological excavations, but also participate in the setting of multidisciplinary research plans and sample collection."
Water resistivity imaging method, amphibious geological radar, high-precision magnetic method, frequency domain electromagnetic method... In 2017-2018, these "black technologies" and archaeological excavations collided at the late Ming battlefield site of Jiangkou in Pengshan, Sichuan.
In that excavation, the scientific research team of the Information Geoscience Research Center of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China used electronic information technology to scan and image the detection area of more than 100,000 square meters, and detected the location of the ancient river channel, which is a good source of "sinking silver". The delimitation of the district” provides strong evidence.
With more than 12,000 cultural relics coming out of the water, the legend of "Zhang Xianzhong sinking silver in the Jiangkou" in the history books was finally confirmed.
Chinese archaeology goes abroad and enters the life of young people
Chinese archaeology is going abroad.
According to preliminary statistics, from 2016 to 2019, 32 Chinese institutions of various types went abroad to carry out 36 joint archaeological projects, involving 21 countries and regions in Asia, Africa, Europe, and America, and more than 40 foreign archaeological institutions, museums, and universities. etc. to establish a good working relationship.
The content of Sino-foreign cooperative archaeological research covers the archaeology of ancient civilizations in the world such as Egyptian civilization and Mayan civilization, the archaeology of important port sites related to the Silk Road, the origin of human beings and the origin of modern humans and many other international academic frontier fields and hot issues.
In April this year, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage issued the "Special Plan for Archaeological Work during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, which is a systematic plan and overall layout for archaeological work during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and is also an effort to build an archaeology with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style and Chinese style. Education planning guarantee and policy support.
Today, archaeology is not only the work of professionals, but also a topic of concern for young people.
"China Archaeology Conference", "National Treasure", "Shine!"
Cultural programs such as "Chinese Civilization" are very popular among young audiences; archaeological site open days, archaeological summer camps, archaeological research tours and other activities are more diverse, and archaeology is more common in classrooms and communities.
Among them, the archaeological site park will protect and utilize large-scale ancient sites, integrate it into the economic and social development of the region, and take into account the safety of cultural relics and the growing public cultural service needs of the people.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, 36 national archaeological site parks received a total of 154 million people.
The ruins of the ancient city of Liangzhu, which was successfully applied for the World Heritage List in 2019, have been discovered since 1936. Archaeological work is still in progress, and the site has been opened as a heritage park.
In 2020, the ancient city of Liangzhu held 14 public archaeological events. Under the guidance of archaeological experts, ordinary people can go to the archaeological site to excavate in person.
Sheng Shuyan is a photographer born in the 1985s. She lives in the ancient city of Liangzhu. All the photos in the circle of friends are "photographs" of Liangzhu she took.
"When I was in college, I had to explain a lot to my classmates. My home is in the ancient city of Liangzhu, and where is the ancient city in Hangzhou... Now just talk about Liangzhu, and everyone will know."
China Youth Daily, China Youth Daily reporter Jiang Xiaobin Source: China Youth Daily