my country's ability to adapt to climate change continues to improve
Two-carbon "1+N" policy system adds new members
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In recent years, my country has implemented a national strategy to actively address climate change, adopted a series of policies and actions to address climate change, and achieved positive progress.
In 2021, national carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 3.8% year-on-year, and 50.3% lower than in 2005.
□ Our reporter Zhang Wei
To actively deal with climate change, my country has recently made major moves.
Recently, two important documents have been issued successively.
One is the "National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035" (hereinafter referred to as "Adaptation Strategy 2035") jointly issued by 17 departments including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Science and Technology. Overall planning and deployment.
The other is the "Implementation Plan for Synergistic Efficiency of Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") jointly issued by seven departments including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Effective for system deployment.
Zhao Yingmin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the next step is to continue to implement the national strategy to actively respond to climate change, incorporate the "dual carbon" work into the overall layout of ecological civilization construction and the overall economic and social development, and adhere to carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth. Coordinate promotion, adhere to the system concept, handle the relationship between development and safety, and continue to promote relevant work to achieve positive progress.
Coal consumption has dropped significantly
Public information shows that due to the combined influence of human activities and natural factors, the trend of global warming continues, and extreme weather and climate events show an increasing trend.
Weather, climate and water-related disasters over the past 50 years accounted for 50% of all natural disasters, 45% of deaths and 74% of economic losses.
Due to the impact of climate change, the number of disasters has increased fivefold and disaster losses have increased more than sevenfold.
Climate change and extreme weather are among the most important medium- and long-term risks globally.
In recent years, my country has implemented a national strategy to actively address climate change, and adopted a series of policies and actions to address climate change.
According to Zhao Yingmin, my country has made positive progress in addressing climate change.
In 2021, the national carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 3.8% year-on-year, and 50.3% lower than in 2005.
In 2021, the proportion of coal in total energy consumption will drop from 72.4% in 2005 to 56.0%, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will reach about 16.6%, and the installed capacity of renewable energy power generation will reach 1.06 billion kilowatts, accounting for 44.8% of the total installed power generation capacity. Among them, the installed capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation has exceeded 300 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world.
At the same time, in 2021, the first compliance cycle of the national carbon market will be successfully concluded, with a cumulative turnover of 179 million tons of carbon emission allowances and a cumulative turnover of 7.661 billion yuan.
"Low-carbon pilot demonstrations and climate-adaptive city construction pilots continue to advance, the ability to adapt to climate change continues to improve, and the low-carbon awareness of the whole society continues to increase." Zhao Yingmin said.
China also actively participates in and leads global climate governance, and has become an important participant, contributor and leader.
Of course, the issue of climate change still needs attention.
Researcher Chao Qingchen, director of the National Climate Center, said that the world will continue to warm in the future, and it will be most obvious in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, where land warming will be even greater, and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events will further increase.
It is particularly worth noting that with the growth of the total economic volume and the deepening of the global economic integration process, the risks caused by climate change to my country's economic and social development and the safety of people's production and life will increase day by day.
"Due to the inertia of the climate system, the warming trend will even continue for hundreds or thousands of years, and the extreme events and slow-onset adverse effects brought about, as important non-traditional security factors, will become my country's basic realization of socialist modernization and the construction of a beautiful China. important risks in the process." Chao Qingchen said.
Adaptation and mitigation go hand in hand
In order to further strengthen my country's action measures to adapt to climate change and improve climate risk prevention and resilience, the "Adaptation Strategy 2035" was recently released.
This is not the first time that my country has released relevant strategies. As early as 2013, my country released the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change for the first time.
Chao Qingchen analyzed that, compared with 2013, the "Adaptation Strategy 2035" puts more emphasis on prevention in basic principles, establishes bottom-line thinking, and improves the climate resilience of natural ecosystems and economic and social systems.
It is more prominent that adaptation actions should be based on scientific assessment, strengthen systematic layout, and organically connect with major plans such as economic and social development planning, land and space planning, and urban and rural construction planning.
Pay more attention to overall planning and linkage, and adhere to the coordinated development of adaptation and mitigation.
In terms of goal setting, the phased requirements are further refined, and the main goals for 2025, 2030 and 2035 are clarified.
Adaptation Strategy 2035 also reinforces the importance of climate change monitoring, early warning and risk management from a more fundamental perspective.
The basic role of a long-term, stable, continuous and complete climate change observation network in climate risk assessment is clarified, and the important value of precise monitoring, accurate forecasting, and precise assessment in adapting to climate change is clarified.
Another highlight in the "Adaptation Strategy 2035" is also worthy of attention: the country is divided into eight regions: Northeast China, North China, East China, Central China, South China, Northwest China, Southwest China, and Qinghai-Tibet. Put forward the main tasks of adapting to climate change in each region, and provide guidance for each region to carry out the work of adapting to climate change.
Zheng Dawei, a professor at China Agricultural University, said that climate change and its impacts and risks have significant regional differences. Different regions have different changes in temperature and precipitation, different types of extreme weather and climate events, and different priorities for sensitive and vulnerable areas involved.
For the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and high-quality development areas, the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 Vision Outline for the five major national strategic areas, the "Adaptation Strategy 2035" " has also given special attention - a special section "Improving the ability of major strategic regions to adapt to climate change" has been set up, which clarifies the task direction of adapting to climate change in major strategic regions. The ability to change plays an important role.
Zheng Dawei said that Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, running from north to south and running through the east, is an important spatial carrier for my country to build a world-class urban agglomeration and participate in global competition, with a high concentration of economy and population; the Yangtze River Economic Belt, The ecological protection and high-quality development area of the Yellow River Basin originates from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and spans the whole country from west to east. It is not only an important economic zone in my country, but also an important ecological barrier in China.
The frequent occurrence of climate change and extreme weather and climate events combined with the above-mentioned major strategic regions’ population, economy, society and other factors can easily lead to large economic losses and casualties, posing huge challenges to high-quality economic development and high-level protection of the ecological environment.
Efficient coordination of pollution reduction and carbon reduction
To cope with climate change and build a beautiful China, it is necessary to coordinate the management of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollutants.
Wang Jinnan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and dean of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, pointed out that environmental pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions have a high degree of the same root, the same source, the same process characteristics and the characteristics of spatial and temporal consistency of emissions. Fossil energy consumption, industrial production, transportation, residents Living, etc. are the main sources of environmental pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions, which means that pollution reduction and carbon reduction have consistent control objects, and the two tasks can be coordinated to a large extent.
"The combustion of fossil fuels such as coal produces not only greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, but also air pollutants such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide," said Ma Aimin, deputy director of the National Center for Strategic Research and International Cooperation on Climate Change. Pollutants share the same origin, and greenhouse gases and environmental pollutants also have synergistic effects in control measures.
Further in-depth integration of air pollution control and greenhouse gas emission control measures will speed up the process of improving the quality of the ecological environment from quantitative to qualitative changes.
Faced with the dual pressures and urgent needs of environmental quality improvement and greenhouse gas emission reduction, the "Plan" was issued.
According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the "Plan" anchors the construction of a beautiful China and achieves the "dual carbon" goal, coordinates the emission reduction requirements in air, water, soil, solid waste, greenhouse gases and other fields, and scientifically grasps pollution prevention and control and On the basis of the integrity of climate governance, we will further deepen environmental governance with carbon peaking actions, promote high-quality peaking with environmental governance, improve the comprehensive efficiency of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and achieve a win-win situation in environmental, climate and economic benefits.
The person in charge said that the "Plan" is an important part of the carbon peak carbon neutral "1+N" policy system. Achieving peak carbon neutrality is of great significance.
"The collaborative governance of pollution reduction and carbon reduction can increase efficiency only when it is implemented. To promote the coordinated implementation of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, it is necessary to scientifically evaluate the relevant effects on the basis of promoting pilot projects in multiple levels and fields, and strengthen basic capacity building. Form an efficient and coordinated work pattern for pollution reduction and carbon reduction in the whole society." Wang Jinnan said.
Wang Jinnan said that scientific and technological innovation is the core driving force to promote the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. Focusing on the development needs of pollution reduction and carbon reduction technologies in the fields of energy, power, industry, transportation, construction and ecological carbon sinks, we should strengthen the implementation of technology and difficulties. problem solving.
Economic policy is an important guarantee for the implementation of the "Plan". It is necessary to promote the pilot of climate investment and financing, promote the implementation of price, fiscal and taxation and financial policies that are conducive to the green and low-carbon development of enterprises, and guide the green and low-carbon transformation of the economy.
Basic capabilities are the fundamental support for improving pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction. It is necessary to expand and improve the integrated monitoring network of space and earth, improve the statistical investigation, accounting verification and supervision system of emission sources, study and establish a coordinated management system for fixed source pollutants and carbon emission verification, and implement integrated supervision. law enforcement.