Science and Technology Daily International Department
Editor's note in the past year, the new crown epidemic is still lingering, but with the blessing of science and technology, the once stagnant economy has struggled to recover, and the development of the digital economy is a new chapter. In the past year, the common crisis faced by mankind has caused more countries to Attention, more start to ask for answers to science and technology, calling for more international cooperation in science and technology.
The tide of the world is full of soups and soups, and you can ride the wind and waves without fear and obstacles by following the general trend.
Just like an ancient oriental country, not only has it achieved a miraculous recovery, it has also brought more certainty to this panicked world due to continuous technological innovation and other measures.
Only by breaking through the predicament and reforming the old can we usher in a bright new era.
Russia
Russia
2021 becomes the "Year of Science and Technology in Russia"
Approval of the ten-year basic scientific research plan
◎Dong Yingbi, our reporter in Russia
Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed at the meeting of the Moscow University Board of Trustees that 2021 will be the "Year of Science and Technology in Russia."
The Russian government has allocated more than 10 billion rubles for this project. Moscow University’s first Science and Technology Valley project was launched within this year, and all projects are scheduled to be completed before 2025.
In order to cooperate with the "Russian Year of Science and Technology" activities, Russian Prime Minister Mishustin approved the "Basic Scientific Research Plan from 2021 to 2030".
The plan consists of 6 sub-plans. The main tasks are to establish an effective scientific research management system; establish a free environment created by science; fair and just competition; responsibility for scientific research results and technology transfer; anticipation and response to major national challenges The establishment of the system; the protection of scientific research on national defense and security; the promotion of Russia’s scientific status and the attraction of foreign partners; the dissemination and popularization of scientific knowledge; the establishment of a ground-breaking scientific research result resource database; and the promotion of the integration of universities and the real economy.
The Russian government will provide more than 2.1 trillion rubles in financial support.
The plan was formulated by the Russian Academy of Sciences with the participation of other ministries and important scientific research institutions.
In addition, the Russian government has also approved an allocation of 13 billion rubles for the modernization and upgrade of the Kurchatov synchrotron. All design work will be completed within this year and will be put into operation in 2025. The upgraded accelerator will be able to generate 2.5 gigawatts of electron volts.
America
The US
Pass the Innovation and Competition Act of 2021
Funding future-oriented R&D and technology
◎Reporter Liu Xia
The competitive situation in science and technology between China and the United States is prominent in the field of science and technology policies.
In June 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the "United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021" (USICA), which is mainly composed of one funding plan and four independent bills.
The United States issued a new space policy directive in early 2021, which is intended to promote the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to provide continuous power on the lunar surface and build long-term bases on the moon to further send astronauts to Mars.
The United States, through the "Innovation and Competition" Act, will invest 250 billion U.S. dollars in scientific research institutions in the next few years, of which 180 billion U.S. dollars will be dedicated to funding "future-oriented R&D and technology"; the other 70 billion U.S. dollars will be used in research-related fields.
Specifically, the National Science Foundation (NSF) will receive 50 billion U.S. dollars, of which about 40 billion U.S. dollars will be used to upgrade national research facilities. Under the guidance of this idea, about 35 billion U.S. dollars will be used to develop "climate Promote the United States to become a global leader in clean energy technology and clean energy work" technology.
The United States has also increased its investment in the field of artificial intelligence.
In January, the White House announced the establishment of the National Artificial Intelligence Program Office.
In March, the National Security Council for Artificial Intelligence submitted a report to Congress that the United States is lagging behind in key areas of artificial intelligence, and the federal government should give priority to accelerating the pace of innovation in this area, investing US$40 billion to promote the development of this field, and vigorously cultivate skills Talent.
In the field of biomedicine, the United States launched the Human Somatic Cell Genome Editing Project, which intends to rigorously innovate and verify technologies to accelerate the development of new treatments for human diseases.
In the computer field, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) launched the "Cryogenic Logic Technology" program, which focuses on further expanding power density to improve computing performance, so as to solve the problems faced after reaching the extension limit of Moore's Law.
Biden and Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga agreed to jointly invest US$4.5 billion to develop the next-generation communications technology known as 6G or "beyond 5G."
Israel
Israel
Launch an incentive plan to support start-ups
Introduced a number of policies to train scientific and technological talents
◎Hu Dingkun, our reporter in Israel
Israel is known as the "country of entrepreneurship". Affected by the new crown epidemic, startups in this country once faced financing difficulties, and the number of newly established companies each year has also declined.
In January 2021, the Israel Innovation Agency launched the "Hybrid Seed Incentive Program", investing US$25 million to support start-up companies in the initial stage, and can provide eligible financing of less than 3.5 million NIS (approximately US$1.1 million) Start-up companies provide funding.
In addition to attaching importance to the development of high-tech start-ups, the Israeli government has also issued a number of policies to support the training of scientific and technological talents.
In early 2021, the Israel Innovation Agency approved the "Human Capital Fund" and the "Emergency Training Program" and selected 62 training institutions and companies to fund 43 million U.S. dollars to strengthen targeted training of personnel and increase jobs in the high-tech industry.
The Israeli government also plans to invest 154 million US dollars to implement the "five-year plan" to strengthen high-tech education and vocational training in Arab communities, establish "incubators", support the development of start-ups, and establish science museums.
The plan will build 30 technical centers in Arab communities.
Germany
Germany
Implement hydrogen strategy to promote energy transition
2 billion euros to promote the development of quantum technology
◎Li Shan, our reporter in Germany
In terms of energy transition, the German government has invested 8 billion euros to fund 62 large-scale hydrogen energy projects under the framework of the European Hydrogen Energy Joint Project, which runs through the entire hydrogen energy production value chain, with a total investment of 33 billion euros.
Germany has launched three green hydrogen pilot projects and funded 700 million euros to explore mass production of water electrolyzers, hydrogen production from offshore wind energy, and safe hydrogen transportation, focusing on solving technical obstacles in the development of hydrogen economy.
In addition, the Department of Education and Research has also launched the "Green Hydrogen International Future Laboratory" and "Green Hydrogen International Research Cooperation" frameworks to promote international cooperation in the field of green hydrogen research and development.
In terms of digitalization, Germany has funded 750 million euros to promote the construction of the "National Research Data Infrastructure" (NFDI), and plans to continue to fund 30 scientific data centers in the next ten years; fund 250 million euros to establish four research centers for research on next-generation mobile communications 6G technology; funding 114 million euros for the "Digital Now" program, focusing on improving the digital technology and digital skills of SME employees.
The German government has also launched a future plan for investment in the automotive industry with a total of 1.5 billion euros. It will fund about 600 million euros in 2021, focusing on autonomous driving and digitalization.
In terms of biomedicine, Germany has issued a supplementary plan for the "Health Research Framework", which provides a total of 2.7 billion euros in funding for health research each year, and gives higher funding priority to the development of medicines and vaccines.
In 2021, six new crown drug development projects at different stages of research and development will be selected and 150 million euros will be funded.
Germany also actively supports the "All-German University Medical Network" composed of 36 university medical schools, and has funded 150 million euros for 13 research projects.
In terms of quantum technology, the German government plans to provide 2 billion euros within five years to promote the development of quantum technology.
These include the launch of the "Quantum Processor and Quantum Computer Technology" program, the launch of eight large-scale funding projects, and the development of new and scalable quantum processors based on different technologies-including atomic trapping, ion traps, superconductors and semiconductors, photonic technology, etc. ; Launched the "German quantum computer based on superconducting qubits" joint research project (GeQCoS) to study a new type of quantum processor that is improved from multiple superconducting qubits.
In addition, Germany has also launched the "German Sustainable Development Strategy-Going Forward 2021"; selected 7 "future innovation clusters", and plans to fund 450 million euros in the next ten years; launched a "value future" mid- to long-term research program, and the future Funding of 780 million euros in 7 years to maintain the leading edge of "Made in Germany"; strengthening polar research, and additional funding of more than 20 million euros by 2025; establishing a "future fund" of 10 billion euros to provide support for start-ups at all stages of investment .
France
France
"France 2030" focuses on ten priority areas
Decarbonization and upgrading to create a leader in clean energy
◎Li Hongce, our correspondent in France
French President Macron released the "France 2030" plan in October 2021. It will boost the competitiveness of French industry by investing 30 billion euros in key industries, and will especially make unprecedented efforts in disruptive technologies to improve the French economy through innovation. Growth capacity.
30 billion euros of investment will be allocated to the 10 priority areas of "France 2030", including: the realization of innovative small modular nuclear reactors, opening up new areas for French nuclear power exports; creating a green hydrogen energy leader, and building at least two super electrolysis Tank plant to achieve large-scale production of hydrogen and expand hydrogen energy technology; promote industrial decarbonization, reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 35% compared with 2015 (currently only 4%), in the three industries of steel, cement and chemical manufacturing Carry out decarbonization upgrades; produce nearly 2 million electric and hybrid vehicles annually; produce the first low-carbon aircraft; accelerate agricultural robotics and digitization, invest in healthy, sustainable and traceable food, and develop more environmentally friendly technologies Strengthen food autonomy; return to the leading position in the health industry, produce 20 biological drugs against cancer, emerging diseases and chronic diseases, including vaccines and immunotherapy against cancer, and gene therapy, invest in digital medicine, and develop new medical equipment; make France Once again at the forefront of cultural and creative content production; fully participate in new space adventures, including the realization of small reusable launchers, micro-satellites, etc. by 2026; and invest in the subsea field.
South Korea
South Korea
New Deal creates big data job opportunities
Multiple policies support 2050 to achieve carbon neutrality
◎Tai Ju, our reporter stationed in South Korea
In 2021, the South Korean government budget hit a record high.
The annual budget of the Ministry of Science, Technology, Information and Communication is 17.5 trillion won (approximately 104.8 billion yuan), a year-on-year increase of 7.4%.
Among them, the R&D budget was 27.4018 trillion won, an increase of 13.1% year-on-year.
Among them, the "New Deal" field budget is 1.92 trillion won, including the creation of big data jobs and other subsidiary businesses; the innovation growth field budget is 2.34 trillion won, focusing on the three major technologies of biotechnology, future cars, and system semiconductors. .
In addition, a budget of 430 billion won related to the new crown epidemic has been compiled to support related research and development.
In the fields of biology and medicine, South Korea formulated the first "Brain R&D Investment Strategy."
The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea plans to invest 4.6705 trillion won in future industries and enhancing the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, and support 4.8956 trillion won in new energy-related industries.
President Moon Jae-in of South Korea put forward the national goal of becoming a comprehensive semiconductor power by 2030 and announced an upgrade of the national semiconductor innovation strategy. He plans to invest 510 trillion won within 10 years and provide comprehensive support such as taxation, loans, and talent training.
In addition, the Ministry of Science, Technology, Information and Communication of Korea announced a 5G converged service strategy.
South Korea’s National Assembly officially passed the Carbon Neutral and Green Growth Act, which requires that greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 be reduced by 35% or more from 2018 levels, making South Korea the 14th country that has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 .
The "Carbon Neutral Technology Innovation Promotion Strategy" determined by the South Korean government clarifies the ten core technologies and technology assurance strategies.
The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea took the lead in formulating a preliminary investigation plan for the "Core Technology Development Project for Carbon Neutral Industry" with a total scale of 6.7 trillion won.
Great Britain
The UK
Form a national cyber force to strengthen offense and defense
Establishment of the Advanced Research and Invention Bureau
◎Intern reporter Zhang Jiaxin
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced the formation of a national cyber force in early January 2021 to strengthen the British cyber defense and offensive capabilities.
In February, the British government established the Advanced Research and Invention Agency (ARIA), led by world-renowned scientists, with the aim of screening and funding high-risk, high-return, and rapid-transformation scientific research, so as to consolidate Britain's status as a global scientific power.
This institution is affiliated to the Ministry of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, but is independent of the UK’s main research funding agency, the UK’s Ministry of Research and Innovation.
The government will provide it with 800 million pounds of start-up funds in the next four years, and start distributing project funding before 2022.
In June, the British and American heads of state met and signed the new Atlantic Charter.
The two countries agreed to strengthen scientific and technological partnerships under the framework of the new Atlantic Charter, and promote their cooperation in key supply chain security, battery technology, artificial intelligence technology, digital technology standard construction, and development of future technologies such as quantum and 6G.
In August, the United Kingdom plans to relax its data privacy rules and establish global data partnerships with the United States, Australia, Singapore, South Korea, New Zealand, Japan, Canada, India, Brazil, Kenya, Indonesia and other countries to reach new data transmission agreements and reduce international Data transmission costs.
Ukraine
Ukraine
Pay attention to scientific research legislation and recognition and rewards
Encourage the creation of an enabling environment for innovation
◎Zhang Hao, our correspondent in Ukraine
In the 2021 National Priority Action Plan approved by the Ukrainian government, the main annual work of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine is reflected in the relevant legislative fields related to scientific research.
This work mainly includes the drafting of Ukraine's "Act on the Amendment of the Law on Scientific and Technical Expertise", the drafting of the "Act to Support the Development of Innovation Parks and Innovative Activities", and a bill on solving problems related to the operation of the National Research Fund.
In June 2021, the Cabinet of the Ukrainian Government approved an order "on awarding the Ukrainian Government’s Innovative Technology R&D and Implementation Award" to commend and reward Ukrainian scientists and scientific groups that have made special achievements in scientific and technological innovation. Competitive selection is given, and the prize amount is 333,000 hryvnia (approximately USD 12,000) per person.
In August, the Ukrainian government also approved a list of important scientific and technological development priorities for 2021-2022, which aims to promote the development of key scientific and technological fields through the funding of the state budget. This list includes 27 scientific and technological priority development projects, mainly focused on In the following fields: information and communication technology, energy and energy conservation, rational use of natural resources, life sciences and new technologies, new substances and materials for the prevention and treatment of common diseases, the above-mentioned projects have allocated a total of 36.48 million hryvnia (approximately 1.35 million U.S. dollars) budget funds.
In December, the Ukrainian government approved an action plan for 2021-2023 to implement the country’s previously formulated innovation and development strategy by 2030, including amendments to the budget law to stimulate innovation activities, aimed at providing innovative infrastructure and technological innovation-related activities. The development of business culture creates a favorable environment.
Japan
Japan
Plan to increase the overall investment in science and technology budget
Build the world's top vaccine research and development base
◎Chen Chao, our correspondent in Japan
In September 2021, the Japanese government's overall science and technology budget application amounted to 4.4704 trillion yen, of which the key requirements were 973.7 billion yen, an overall increase of 329 billion yen (7.9%).
Among them, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology's science and technology budget application amounted to 2.3912 trillion yen, an increase of 331.7 billion yen (16%) from the previous year.
The amount of applications for scientific research subsidies (research expenses) increased by 13.38 billion yen year-on-year to 251.3 billion yen.
International pilot research subjects are set up to promote international joint research, and are carried out by an excellent research team led by top researchers who have achieved outstanding research results and have international contacts.
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology plans to build and strengthen the world's top vaccine research and development base. As a new project budget, it has applied for about 6.6 billion yen.
Through the construction and strengthening of flagship bases and related bases, and the use of synergies to build Japan's research capabilities, a 10-year support project will be established for this purpose, and vaccine development will be promoted in accordance with the government's overall policy in the event of an emergency.
In addition, it will strengthen the overseas monitoring mechanism that is a prerequisite for vaccine and drug development, support universities to strengthen research bases previously established in infectious disease epidemic areas, collect information from the world, and cooperate with the National Institute of Infectious Diseases and the National International Medical Research Institute. The center and other related agencies cooperate to play a role in the overall intelligence function of the government.
In this budget application, the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry will cooperate to create an important technology cultivation project for economic security.
Projects are divided into vision realization type and acceleration type. In accelerated projects, the focus of existing R&D projects will be shifted to economic security; vision realization projects will identify important cutting-edge technologies that the government should ensure, such as AI and quantum technology. To promote its research and development.
South non
South Africa
Sci-tech innovation policy determines key support areas
Increase investment in new crown-related scientific research facilities
◎Du Huabin, our reporter in South Africa
In May 2021, the South African government approved the "Draft of the Ten-Year Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation" of the Ministry of Science and Innovation.
The draft is the implementation plan of the South African government's "2019 White Paper on Science and Technology Innovation". The key development areas supported include biotechnology, space science and technology, energy, intellectual property management, nanotechnology, robotics, photonics, and are important for building a knowledge society Other areas of technological integration.
The Ministry of Science and Innovation has increased investment in scientific research infrastructure related to the new crown to promote international-level research in genomics, epidemiology, vaccine manufacturing and other related fields.
The government has also invested in the training of R&D talents to advance the country's scientific research work, and strive to contribute to the global knowledge system for responding to the new crown epidemic, including the detection and discovery of new variants of the new crown virus.
The South African government advocates encouraging the use of existing innovations to promote economic development.
To this end, South Africa’s Ministry of Science and Innovation has strengthened cooperation and coordination with government departments and enterprises including agriculture, marine economy, energy, mining and health, and promoted the application of scientific research results.
Brazil
Brazil
Formulate strategic policies for technological innovation
Promote the transformation and upgrading of SMEs
◎Deng Guoqing, our reporter in Brazil
In 2021, Brazil regards scientific and technological innovation as the focus of national development, and formulated a series of scientific and technological innovation strategies and policies such as the 5G network implementation strategy and the National Internet of Things promotion plan to further strengthen the goals and tasks of innovation and development at the national level, and identify biotechnology and green technologies. Energy and information technology are key areas for future scientific research and innovation. We will focus on promoting bilateral scientific and technological cooperation with traditional technological powers such as the United States, Europe and Japan, and multilateral cooperation under the BRICS cooperation mechanism.
Brazil continues to promote the construction of strategic technology centers such as the center of the northeast, the tropical rainforest center of the Atlantic coast, the wetland center and the water resources center.
In order to further enhance the international competitiveness of domestic products, the federal government vigorously promotes technological innovation, transformation and upgrading of SMEs and small and micro enterprises, and establishes special funds for domestic enterprises that carry out scientific and technological innovation research and development, encourages enterprises to increase investment in technological innovation, and supports from the national level SME innovation.
The Brazilian government encourages domestic scientific research institutions and enterprises to accelerate the pace of foreign scientific and technological cooperation, supports the internationalization of Brazilian companies and the acquisition of technological assets overseas by enterprises, attracts multinational companies to establish R&D centers in Brazil, and stimulates technology transfer.