"Extended version" is here to teach you a few tricks "Diet Strategy" to spend the summer safely
As the saying goes: "The heat is in the doldrums." The long and hot summer is a test of people's health. Starting from July 16th, we have officially entered the hot and humid "dog days" this year, and this time it is an "extended version"-it will last 40 days.
The beginning of this year is from July 16 to July 25; the middle of the year is from July 26 to August 14; the last is from August 15 to August 24.
For up to 40 days, this kind of weather will have adverse effects on people's physiology and psychology. High temperature and high humidity can easily make people irritable and impatient; in order to cool down, some people eat too much raw and cold food, causing digestion Systematic problems; if you don’t pay attention to heatstroke prevention and add water and nutrition in time, it will also cause heatstroke and other diseases.
However, the elders in the family often say that Futian is a good time to regulate the body, and pay more attention to diet and other daily habits to spend the hot summer safely.
What kind of food will save you when the heat is irritating?
Speaking of the dog days, one has to talk about the hottest solar term in the dog days-Dashu, which is in the middle of the dog days.
During the heat, one of the characteristics of the climate is high temperature. The highest temperature during the day is generally above 30℃, and in some areas it even reaches 40℃ or higher. The second is thunderstorms and high humidity.
During the heat, pay attention to three points
First, we must maintain a positive and optimistic mood.
Second, pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling. Avoid going out when the temperature is high at noon, and try to avoid working outside for a long time.
Third, don't be too greedy for coolness. Do not stay in a low temperature environment for a long time, do not sit or lie in a cold and humid place, do not blow at the fan during sleep, and do not eat too much raw or cold food, such as popsicles and cold drinks. Especially the elderly, children, and pregnant women should strengthen their protection and avoid too much heat and cold.
Diet advice during the summer heat
During the Great Summer, the diet should still follow the principle of diversified food, at the same time be light, eat more vegetables, fruits and beans.
First, drink plenty of soups to replenish water. You can prepare mung bean soup, sour plum soup, etc. at home, as well as sea rice and winter melon soup, lotus root ribs soup, etc.;
Second, eat dark vegetables every day. The color of vegetables is dark and light. The nutritional value of dark vegetables is generally better than that of light vegetables. Dark vegetables are rich in carotene, and also contain chlorophyll, lutein, lycopene, anthocyanins and other healthy substances , Such as spinach, celery leaves, water spinach, broccoli, watercress, chrysanthemum, tomatoes, carrots, pumpkin, red amaranth, purple cabbage, etc. Make full use of the taste and color of the vegetables themselves. Tomatoes, cabbage, and carrots can be used to make vegetable salads, which are rich in color, unique in taste, promote appetite, and supplement vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and phytochemicals;
Third, make sure to eat fruit every day. Fruit is an important source of vitamin C, carotene, B vitamins, potassium, magnesium and dietary fiber. Different fruits have different nutritional content. Supplement carotene. Choose red and yellow fruits such as mango, citrus, papaya and hawthorn; fruits such as jujube, orange, grapefruit, and kiwi have higher vitamin C content; banana, date, red fruit, longan, etc. The potassium content is higher.
In addition, fruit contains organic acids such as fruit acid, citric acid, and malic acid, which can promote the secretion of digestive juice, increase appetite, and help digestion.
Fourth, eat fresh beans often. There are many varieties of fresh beans in the summer season, including cowpeas, edamame, kidney beans, broad beans, lentils, and snow peas.
Fresh beans are full of nutrition and can be eaten in various ways. Edamame and broad beans can be boiled and eaten directly, and the cowpeas can be blanched with sesame sauce and other cold dressing.
Text/Doctor Ma Guansheng
In summer, Listeria tends to hide in these "secret corners"
In the past six months or so, the new crown virus has caused people all over the world to be tossed hard. While everyone is actively defending against the new crown virus, we must also be careful of a deadly killer-Listeria. Because, with the arrival of the summer hot weather, many pathogenic bacteria ushered in the most suitable time of the year in temperature and humidity, and Listeria is one of them.
In recent years, news that Listeria is fatal has also been seen frequently in the newspapers. At the beginning of the year, a large-scale infection broke out in the United States. Many friends saw the news and threw away the reserves in the refrigerator or the newspapers in their hands.
Isn't Lao Li engaged in music? How did he get into the underworld? You know a lot, but the name of this bacteria is not the musician Liszt, but another very influential surgeon. Although they are basically in the same era, they are as good as two. Well, the origin of the name is not the key, let's introduce this terrible bacteria.
Listeria, the full name is Listeria monocytogenes. It can be said to be famous in the world of food spoilage microorganisms (it is not a serious world). It can contaminate a variety of foods, including meat, eggs, poultry, seafood, dairy products, and vegetables. Tenacious vitality, facing harsh environments such as dryness, high salt, and cold, there are two brushes; what's more, it can cause more serious human diseases, such as meningitis, sepsis, endocarditis, and neonatal infections Wait, the elderly, infants, and pregnant women with weakened immune system are especially likely to be targeted... I really have two tears in silence, and "Little White Boat" sounded in my ears.
Where are the hidden corners where Listeria hides?
Hidden corner 1: cutting board knives for mixed raw and cooked
Raw meat, eggs, seafood, poultry, etc. are very easy to carry pathogenic bacteria. Cutting board knives that are mixed with raw and cooked will transmit these pathogenic bacteria to the cooked food, melons and fruits that are immediately ingested, thereby causing human infection.
Hidden corner 2: unsterilized dairy products
Dairy products are a wonderful breeding ground for Liszt's parasitism. In any season, drinking milk or eating other dairy products must be sterilized and stored properly.
Hidden corner 3: Looks like the safest refrigerator
The refrigerated area of the refrigerator is theoretically 0°C to 4°C, but in fact, the large temperature control range of the refrigerator, coupled with frequent opening and closing of the door, cannot guarantee the best preservation of food. Not only that, the low-temperature environment of the refrigerator only inhibits the proliferation of ordinary mesophilic bacteria, and dangerous molecules like Listeria, which are not afraid of cold, still maintain a proliferation state.
After checking out the traces of Listeria monocytogenes, we are ready to rectify. Combining with the World Health Organization's "Five Keys to Food Safety", the following are 5 phrases to prevent Lao Li.
1. Keeping clean is the key, kitchen hygiene is a habit
I believe that everyone under the epidemic has developed a good habit of washing hands in and out, but Sister Bo still reminds everyone to clean their hands before handling food, to ensure that the kitchen and food preparation premises are clean, and to prevent mosquitoes, rodents and other animals from entering the kitchen and Close to food.
2. Refrigerator is not a safe, so you don’t panic if you use it correctly
Tips for the correct use of the refrigerator: First, keep raw and cooked separately. It is best to use airtight containers or plastic wrap to separate all kinds of food to avoid cross contamination.
At the same time, frozen meat is ready for use, and take less frequently. For example, change large pieces of meat into smaller portions and then freeze them to avoid secondary thawing, and try not to thaw at room temperature. Second, avoid filling the refrigerator. Random piles of food full of Dangdang greatly reduce the circulation space in the refrigerator, affecting the refrigeration effect; third, the refrigerator should be cleaned regularly. Keep the interior dry and free of frost.
3. Raw and cooked processing should be separated, and Lao Li has to say goodbye
Prepare a set of cutting board knives and utensils separately for processing raw food, wash and dry after each use.
4. Raw food should not only be cooked, but placed properly without worry
Although it is difficult to deal with Listeria, it is not without its weaknesses. It is afraid of heat. Therefore, the food should be cooked thoroughly and kept at room temperature for no more than two hours; refrigerated food should be eaten in time; leftovers should be heated only once, and the appearance and flavor should be ensured before being thoroughly heated to prevent pathogenic bacteria. The opportunity.
5. Safe water and food materials, you can rest assured in summer
Choose safe source water and fresh food, do not drink raw water and raw milk, wash fruits and vegetables before eating, and do not eat animal products of unknown origin.
Wen/Gao Jie (Associate Professor, College of Food, Hebei Agricultural University) Xiyu Li (Ph.D., College of Food, Hebei Agricultural University)
Will eating watermelon overnight be terrible? Five points to keep safe
Futian is here, and one of the essential fruits for every family to cool off the heat and quench their thirst-watermelon is about to be served.
So here comes the problem. Whether at home, or in watermelon stalls, fruit shops, and supermarkets, there are often melons that are cut in half or quarter. Many people can’t eat one, so they will buy cut melons. A watermelon is so big that for a family with a small population, how can it be eaten at once after cutting it? It makes sense to put it on the next meal, or even eat it the next day.
However, such news is not uncommon: "a piece of watermelon caused intestinal necrosis" and "eating watermelon overnight almost died."
When recording a TV show, a doctor said that among the patients she took over, some of them were greedy for ice watermelon, which eventually led to organ failure and admitted to the ICU.
Recently, I have been asked many times about "Can the watermelon in the refrigerator be eaten overnight". I said, there is no generalization. The key lies in whether the watermelon should be refrigerated in time after the watermelon is cut, whether the cutting knife and the film cover are clean, and whether there is cross contamination in the refrigerator.
Generally speaking, a healthy and complete watermelon is basically sterile inside. However, once it is cut, it will come into contact with bacteria from the outside world, which will begin to deteriorate over time. As long as bacteria enter the watermelon and leave it at room temperature, it will spoil in a day or two.
The key issue is to know when it was cut. If it is left in the summer heat for two or three hours or more after cutting, the bacteria has proliferated in a large amount, even if you take it home and put it in the refrigerator, because the bacteria "base" is too large, it is likely that the bacteria will be serious overnight. Exceeded the standard. So I have a few tips for everyone.
The first tip: For melons that do not know when to cut, do not store them until the next day. After buying it back, cut off the layer at the incision and eat it in time.
In comparison, the melons in the school cafeteria are better. The chef in the canteen cuts the food before the meal is opened, and when the meal is sold out, it can be stored at room temperature for no more than an hour. The bacteria can't multiply too much, and it is still safe.
Of course, the smaller the cut, the larger the contact surface with bacteria and the greater the chance of being contaminated by knives and cutting boards. Those diced and diced fruits in supermarkets are even more worrying.
Second tip: Generally speaking, it is best not to buy small pieces of fruit if it is not stored in the freezer. Even if it is put in the freezer, people with weak gastrointestinal function should not take risks.
If you see the staff of a supermarket or fruit shop cut half a melon, you can buy it while it is fresh, or ask to cut a quarter of the melon and buy it yourself. Then-quickly eat it with the family.
If you don’t have the freshly cut melon and want to buy half a melon, it is best to find another customer, and the two agree to divide the melon. I cut it at that time, took it away at the time, and cut it back when I got home, and put half of it in the refrigerator. Half was eaten at the time. In this way, the other half of the cold storage can be eaten the next day.
The third tip: After cutting a watermelon, save the part that you want to eat right away, and don't cut the rest of the uneaten part into small pieces, but immediately cover it with plastic wrap and store it in the refrigerator.
The meaning of putting it in the refrigerator is to use low temperature to delay the reproduction speed of microorganisms, and to shorten the time of rapid bacterial growth at room temperature as much as possible. If the cut watermelon is left at room temperature for a long time, the bacteria has multiplied severely, and then it is not safe to put it in the refrigerator overnight.
As for the garlic, scallion, and ginger flavored watermelons that everyone missed at home, it was because parents, grandparents, and grandparents cut other foods and did not clean the knife and cutting board, so they used it to cut the watermelon, or even cut the meat. The cutting board is also used to cut watermelon-this is extremely unsafe operation.
The fourth tip: The knife and board for cutting watermelon must be kept as clean as possible, and must not be mixed with the chopping board for cutting raw meat!
After cutting raw vegetables, clean and disinfect the knife and cutting board before cutting the watermelon. It is best to use a knife and a board specially designed for cutting fruits directly.
Since the skin of the watermelon is also contaminated, it is necessary to wash the whole watermelon, including the skin part, and then use a clean knife and cutting board to cut and eat.
Fifth tip: You must separate the raw and cooked in the refrigerator. Cover the cut watermelon with plastic wrap and place it in the upper layer or in the fresh-keeping drawer dedicated to storing fruits.
The refrigerator is not a safe. Especially when the refrigerator is not properly managed, there is a great risk of cross-contamination of various microorganisms. Never let watermelon squeeze directly with raw vegetables and raw tofu, let alone let it come into contact with raw meat, raw fish, raw seafood, etc.
Covering with a clean plastic wrap will not prevent the proliferation of germs, but it will not greatly increase the speed of microorganisms. Its main meaning is to avoid cross-contamination with other foods in the refrigerator.
In short, the watermelon itself is innocent! The reason why leftover watermelon makes people sick is entirely because it contaminates microorganisms after being cut. Therefore, the possibility of pollution should be minimized.
Finally, I would like to remind you that even if the microorganisms do not exceed the standard, the watermelon that is cold in the refrigerator will have a certain cold irritation to the stomach. Many people like to eat watermelon on ice, it looks sweeter, but the absorption rate of fructose in the intestine is relatively slow. Once the amount is too large, it may stimulate the intestinal movement (the so-called "laxative" effect) .
Therefore, for people who have weak gastrointestinal tract and prone to diarrhea, even if they follow the above safe operations, it is not appropriate to eat too much ice watermelon at once.
After taking out the watermelon overnight, first cut off the surface layer, then cut into slices, and let it stand at room temperature for a while, wait until the temperature is no longer cold, and eat it slowly, and don’t eat too much at a time. Otherwise, in case of stomach pain and diarrhea, it is not worth it.
Text/Fan Zhihong