Whoever does something that breaks the fast before the sun sets, his fast will be considered invalid (Shutterstock)
The things that invalidate fasting during the day in Ramadan vary, including intentional eating and drinking, sexual intercourse, and the release of menstrual or postpartum blood, in addition to intentional vomiting, while scholars differed regarding cupping, and regardless of the details and differences, the one who intentionally breaks the fast must make up for it and perform atonement.
The fasting person abstains from eating, drinking, and other things that break the fast during the day in Ramadan, in compliance with the command of God Almighty, and in order to achieve the piety mentioned by Him, Glory be to Him, in His saying: (Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you that you may become righteous) (Al-Baqarah: 183).
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Whoever commits any of the things that break the fast before the sun sets, his fast will be considered invalid, and he will be subject to sin and other rulings such as making up for fasts or expiation, according to details in the branches mentioned by scholars, but they may differ over them.
3 conditions to invalidate fasting
But fasting is not invalidated unless three conditions are met for the fasting person: knowledge, remembering, and intention, in accordance with the words of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, “God has removed from my nation mistakes and forgetfulness and what they were forced to do.”
If a Muslim commits something that breaks the fast unintentionally, or he was forced to do it, or he did it forgetting that he is fasting; He completes his fast and there is nothing wrong with him. The Noble Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever forgets while he is fasting and eats or drinks, let him complete his fast, for God has only fed him and given him drink.”
Just as the entry of food into the stomach invalidates the fast, its exit from it intentionally - through vomiting - also invalidates it. The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, distinguished between one who vomits intentionally and one who is overcome by vomiting and is unable to hold it in. He, peace be upon him, said: “Whoever is overwhelmed by vomiting does not have to make up for it.” And whoever vomits intentionally, let him make up for it.”
Imam Ahmad believes that cupping is one of the things that invalidates the fast, while Al-Shafi’i, Malik, and Abu Hanifa believe that it does not invalidate the fast (Getty)
Ruling on intercourse during the day in Ramadan
Among the things that a fasting person abstains from during the day in Ramadan is also intercourse (sexual relations), as it invalidates the fast of both spouses, and they must make up that day on which they broke their fast. It is also necessary to make expiation by feeding sixty poor people or fasting for two consecutive months.
Authentic hadith books narrated that a man came to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, saying: “O Messenger of God, I have perished. I had intercourse with my wife while I was fasting.” So he, peace be upon him, commanded him to perform atonement, by freeing a slave (freeing a slave), fasting for two consecutive months, or feeding sixty poor people.
When the man excused himself from poverty and not being freed or fed, and because he was unable to fast, the Prophet gave him a bowl full of dates and ordered him to give them in charity. The man mentioned that he was the poorest of the people of Medina, so he, peace and blessings be upon him, laughed and ordered him to feed his family with dates.
Ruling on intercourse during the night of Ramadan
As for intercourse during the night of Ramadan, it is permissible, and there is nothing wrong with it because God Almighty says (Permissible for you on the night of fasting is intercourse with your wives. They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them) (Al-Baqarah: 187), so He described the spouses as one being clothing for the other.
Does masturbating during the day in Ramadan invalidate the fast?
Masturbating or ejaculating semen by a person’s choice, whether by masturbating or by touching with lust and kissing, or by repeatedly looking with the intention of pleasure and stimulating desire and ejaculation; All of this is among the things that invalidate fasting, and it is the opinion of the Shafi’is, Malikis, Hanbalis, and the general Hanafi school of thought, and there is a saying among the Hanafi schools that it does not break the fast because ejaculation was not due to intercourse.
What invalidates fasting for men
Eating and drinking intentionally, having sexual intercourse intentionally, entering something through an open outlet with the intention of breaking the fast, masturbation (masturbation), apostasy, vomiting intentionally, fainting all day, and complete insanity.
What invalidates fasting for women
Muslim women have special rulings regarding fasting, as it is not permissible for them to fast if they are menstruating or postpartum, and it was narrated - in an authentic hadith - on the authority of the Mother of the Believers, Aisha, who said about menstruating women during the era of the Prophet, peace be upon him, “We were commanded to make up for fasting, but we were not commanded to make up for prayer.”
Therefore, if a woman menstruates or becomes postpartum, she breaks her fast as long as the menstrual or postpartum blood comes out of her, then she makes up those days at a later time.
Does cupping invalidate fasting?
Extracting blood from the body of a fasting person using cupping invalidates his fast according to some jurists. In the hadith that was authenticated by many scholars, the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said, “The cupper and the one being cupped break the fast.” Imam Ahmad and many scholars - such as Ishaq bin Rahawayh and Ibn Al-Mundhir - held that cupping is one of the things that invalidates the fast. As for Imam Al-Shafi’i, Imam Malik, and Imam Abu Hanifa, They believed that cupping does not invalidate the fast.
Smoking is one of the things that invalidates the fast, since the entry of anything, even smoke, into the stomach would lead to invalidating the fast (German)
Ruling on pregnant and breastfeeding women fasting in Ramadan
If a pregnant or breastfeeding woman fears harm to herself from fasting, she should break her fast and make up for it afterwards like a sick person, according to what the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said: “Indeed, God Almighty has removed fasting from the traveler and half of the prayer, and from the pregnant or breastfeeding woman fasting” (Narrated by Al-Tirmidhi).
If she fears for the child only and not for herself, she should break the fast, make up for it, and feed one poor person for each day, according to the words of Ibn Abbas, may God be pleased with them both: “By the breastfeeding woman and the pregnant woman, if they fear for their children, they should break the fast and feed” (Narrated by Abu Dawud).
Do backbiting and gossip spoil the fast?
Gossiping and backbiting do not invalidate the fast, but they detract from the reward of fasting and spoil the goals of fasting, which are to protect the tongue from backbiting and gossip.
Ruling on breaking the fast without excuse
If a Muslim breaks his fast on a day of Ramadan without a legitimate excuse, he must repent to God and ask Him for forgiveness because he has committed a grave sin. However, he must make up what he broke his fast immediately after the end of Ramadan, while scholars disagreed about the obligation of expiation along with making up for it.
Ruling on breaking the fast with a legitimate excuse
As for someone who breaks his fast with a legal excuse that makes it permissible to break the fast, he must eliminate the laxity until the next Ramadan comes, but it is recommended for him to expedite the fast so that nothing happens to him that prevents him from fasting again. It is not required to make up for Ramadan consecutively, but rather it is valid consecutively or separately.
Does smoking invalidate fasting?
Smoking is one of the things that invalidates the fast, because the entry of anything, even smoke, into the stomach would lead to the fast being invalidated. This applies to all forms and types of smoke, knowing that car exhaust and road dust do not lead to invalidation of the fast.
What is the ruling on using drops during the day in Ramadan?
Drops: The four schools of thought agreed that drops used in the nose, ear, or eye can lead to invalidation of the fast, if they reach the throat, but if their effect does not include the stomach, then there is nothing wrong with using them during the day of the holy month.
What is the ruling on brushing teeth with toothpaste while fasting?
It is best for a Muslim to avoid this during his fasting, and if he wants to use it, he should use it at night, because if he uses it during the day, it may mix with saliva and then the person swallows it, thereby breaking his fast. If he uses it while fasting, he is permitted to do so, provided that he is careful not to swallow any of it.
The four schools of thought agreed that drops from the nose, ear, or eye can invalidate the fast if they reach the throat (Getty)
What invalidates voluntary fasting
The things that invalidate voluntary fasting are the same as those that invalidate Ramadan fasting, and they were mentioned in the Qur’anic verse (So now associate with them and seek what God has ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becomes clear to you from the “Then the black sheep of dawn, then complete the fast until night” (Al-Baqarah: 184), and in what follows it is mentioned. What invalidates voluntary fasting:
Intention to break the fast: Whoever intends to break the fast and resolves to do so, his fast is invalidated. This is the view of the Hanbalis and Malikis. However, according to the Shafi’is and Hanafi schools, it does not break the fast, because that is like if the worshiper intends to speak during the prayer and does not speak, so his prayer is not invalidated.
Eating and drinking intentionally.
Intentional sexual intercourse.
Intentional vomiting.
Masturbation.
Menstruation and postpartum.
Apostasy from Islam.
Snuff (tobacco flour placed inside the nose to be inhaled).
Excuses that make it permissible to break the fast during Ramadan
Illness: It is permissible for the sick person to break the fast during Ramadan, according to the Almighty’s saying: (So whoever of you is sick or on a journey, then a number of other days) (Al-Baqarah: 184). The illness in which breaking the fast is permitted is one because of which it becomes difficult for the person to fast, or his health is harmed if he fasts.
If a sick person breaks his fast - and the illness is one of the things he hopes to recover from - he must make up the days he broke his fast when he recovers, according to God Almighty’s words: (So whoever of you is sick or on a journey - then a number of other days) (Al-Baqarah: 184), meaning, if he recovers, he should fast on other days to replace those days. Which I broke my fast with.
If the illness is one in which there is no hope of recovery - if it is a chronic illness, or if its sufferer is old and unable to fast continuously - then the one who is breaking the fast is fed an amount of 1,125 grams of rice or something similar to the most common food in the country in which he resides.
Traveling: It is permissible for the traveler to break his fast during Ramadan, and he may fast while traveling on the condition that fasting will not be difficult for him. If it is difficult for him or harms him, then breaking his fast is better for him than fasting, and he must make up for it in all circumstances if his travel ends and Ramadan ends, according to what God Almighty says: (So whoever of you is sick or on a journey, then a number of other days) (Al-Baqarah: 184).
A travel that is permissible for breaking the fast is one in which the prayer is shortened, and it is stipulated that it be a permissible travel. If it is travel for the purpose of committing a sin or a travel that is intended to circumvent breaking the fast, it is not permissible for the traveler to break the fast there.
Source: Al Jazeera + websites