China News Service, Shanghai, March 23 (Reporter Chen Jing) Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is mainly spread through droplets. China is one of the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis in the world.
The Shanghai Municipal Health Commission disclosed on the 23rd that in recent years, the overall tuberculosis epidemic in Shanghai has shown a steady downward trend, and the epidemic continues to be controlled at the lowest level in the country. In 2023, a total of 5,303 cases of tuberculosis were registered in Shanghai, with an incidence rate of 21.1/100,000.
According to reports, relying on the sixth round of three-year action plan for public health system construction implemented from 2023 to 2025, Shanghai has fully launched the "Construction of Precise and Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment Model of Major Chronic Infectious Diseases such as Tuberculosis" project to optimize community precision screening strategies and measures for tuberculosis. , to promote early detection of tuberculosis patients and those with latent infection. This year, the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission will further promote the standardized treatment and health management services of tuberculosis patients and latent infections on the basis of screening work.
Shanghai promotes the construction of tuberculosis-free communities in an orderly manner. It is reported that in May 2023, Shanyang Town, Jinshan District, as one of the first batch of national-level pilot units, launched the creation of a tuberculosis-free community and accelerated the exploration of comprehensive prevention and control measures that are more suitable for Shanghai's actual conditions. This year, Shanghai will launch the construction of tuberculosis-free communities in batches, orderly and comprehensively in various districts, and strengthen the implementation of key measures such as "screening of key groups, high-risk groups and drug-resistant tuberculosis patients, treatment and management of tuberculosis patients and latent infections, and public mobilization" . At the same time, Shanghai has also launched a pilot project at the Dapuqiao Street Community Health Service Center in Huangpu District, relying on the Chronic Disease Health Management Support Center to explore the comprehensive management of chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and continuously build and improve the comprehensive prevention and treatment service management system for chronic diseases.
Shanghai also collaborates to improve tuberculosis prevention and control capabilities in the Yangtze River Delta region. It is understood that Shanghai has taken the lead and jointly with Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other disease control departments to establish the Yangtze River Delta Regional Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Collaborative Prevention and Control Center to establish a regular basis for patients with difficult rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in the pilot areas of three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta. In conjunction with the consultation mechanism, we will develop and apply a regional whole-genome sequencing and analysis platform for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Shanghai Municipal Health Commission stated that this year it will further expand the service area of the collaborative prevention and control center, optimize and improve the normalized joint consultation mechanism, and promote the overall ability to prevent and treat rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Researchers are conducting scientific experiments. (Photo courtesy of Public Health Center)
On the same day, the reporter visited the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (hereinafter referred to as the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center), which has long been "dealing" with various infectious diseases and is committed to providing "one-stop" diagnosis and treatment throughout the life cycle for "internal, external, maternal and pediatric" routine tuberculosis patients. "Public Health Center"). It is understood that not long ago, the relevant team of the Public Health Center constructed a new viral vector tuberculosis vaccine containing latent infection and acute phase immunogens of tuberculosis bacteria, providing strong experimental evidence and new ideas for the development of multi-phase tuberculosis vaccines. According to reports, the recombinant viral vector vaccine is also expected to become a new type of post-exposure prophylactic vaccine and provide precise intervention for tuberculosis latent populations. Once successfully developed, it can effectively block the onset of tuberculosis-infected people and control the spread of tuberculosis.
The team also deeply analyzed the differences in the ability of different genotypes of BCG strains to induce trained immunity and broad-spectrum protection, and analyzed the relevant metabolic profiles and their molecular mechanisms; this research provides opportunities for immunotherapy stimulators and vaccines to target trained immunity. It provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of agents and conducts preliminary application exploration. The above research results were not only published in well-known academic journals, but also applied for several national invention patents.
The Public Health Center’s research on the zebrafish tuberculosis model system studied the pathological characteristics of tuberculous granulomas at different stages and detected the specific spatial distribution of key immune cell types, providing a textbook for subsequent pathological research on the zebrafish granuloma model. formula reference. (over)