"Drinking enough 8 glasses of water (about 2 liters) every day is good for your health, otherwise you will be short of water." has become the consensus of many health-preserving people.
However, this widely circulated "health law" is pseudo-knowledge.
How is this going?
The latest issue of the "Scientific" Rumor List has been announced, collecting recent popular health rumors, so let's get to the bottom of it.
The monthly "scientific" rumor list is guided by the Beijing Association for Science and Technology, the Cyberspace Administration of Beijing Municipal Committee, and the Capital Internet Association, and is jointly released by the Beijing Association of Science Journalists and Editors and the Beijing Regional Website Joint Rumor Refutation Platform.
Rumor has it that eating yeast-containing pasta is harmful to the stomach
Truth Network reports that eating pasta made with yeast is harmful to the stomach. Its high purine content can easily cause gout and even cause cancer.
However, this worry is unnecessary.
Yeast will produce carbon dioxide during the fermentation process of steamed buns, bread and other pasta, but the fermentation and gas production capabilities of yeast are affected by many factors such as temperature, dough composition, pH value, etc. When the temperature exceeds 60 degrees Celsius, yeast cannot survive, and even more It is impossible to ferment and produce gas.
Therefore, there is no need to worry that freshly steamed and baked steamed buns and bread will produce a large amount of carbon dioxide and harm the stomach.
Judging from the ingredients, the purine content per 100 grams of yeast is 559 mg, which can indeed be classified as a high-purine substance.
However, yeast is only a starter and is not consumed as food alone. Based on the intake analysis, the recommended amount of yeast is 0.5%, that is, 5 grams of yeast can leaven about 1 kilogram of flour. According to 100 grams of staple food per person per meal In terms of quantity, the purine content is basically negligible, so it has minimal impact on gout patients.
It is said that yeast will transform the protein and sugar in the flour at high temperatures to produce new aroma, color and taste, and then undergo the Maillard reaction (referring to the reaction of amino-containing compounds and carbonyl compounds at room temperature or heating). Polymerization, condensation and other reactions that occur during the process will eventually produce a brown or even brown-black macromolecular substance melanoidin or pseudomelanin, which will produce some harmful carcinogens.
But in fact, yeast mainly plays a role in the dough making stage and will be inactivated in an environment exceeding 60 degrees Celsius, let alone react at high temperatures. Therefore, the so-called carcinogenesis has nothing to do with it.
Rumor has it that you need to drink 8 glasses of water a day to be healthy
The truth is that people of different age groups, genders, and countries have different water needs. One-size-fits-all health advice such as "8 glasses of water" is not suitable for precise health guidance for individuals.
The human body's daily "water turnover" is the total exchange of water, including the water we take in and the water we lose, and to a large extent reflects people's water needs.
However, water turnover is not equal to the actual amount of drinking water we drink every day.
For example, a man in his 20s has a daily water turnover of 4.2 liters, but does not need to drink 4.2 liters of water.
Because human metabolism and body surface water exchange can provide 15% of it, and the remaining 85% of water requirements come from food and drinking water. If food and drinking water are equal parts, the average daily water consumption for men in this age group is 1.5 to 1.8 liters.
In contrast, women drink less water because their non-fat content is lower than men. For example, a woman in her 20s may drink 1.3 to 1.4 liters of water per day.
Rumor has it that there is nothing wrong with mixing cephalosporins with wine.
Not long ago, a talk show actor posted on Weibo that "you can't die from taking cephalosporins and drinking alcohol. Apart from a little stomach discomfort, there is nothing wrong with you." This triggered a wave of "denunciation" from doctors.
How can one's personal feelings confuse the public about such an act that can lead to death in serious cases?
Many cephalosporin antibiotics will cause a "disulfiram-like reaction" when exposed to alcohol. The severity of the reaction is related to the dosage of the drug, the amount of alcohol consumed, and the individual's physical condition.
Sometimes everything goes fine after drinking alcohol with cephalosporins, which can be said to be a blessing.
But you only have one life, and there is no room for luck.
In many cases, disulfiram-like reactions are not "nothing at all" and may even be life-threatening.
Therefore, medical experts recommend that you should not drink alcohol within 7 days after eating cephalosporin. Similarly, you should not eat cephalosporin within a week after drinking alcohol.
Under normal circumstances, relatively mild disulfiram-like reactions can heal on their own, and symptoms can be relieved by drinking plenty of water, resting, etc. until they heal themselves.
If the symptoms are severe or not relieved, seek medical treatment promptly.
The rumor that the rice in the hot rice is fake
The truth first. Conclusion: Whether it is recombinant rice, rice that is cooked and then dried, or sterile rice, it is all made from real rice, but the processing technology is different.
The purpose is to allow everyone to eat rice quickly and easily, eliminating long-term processing.
There are three main types of self-heating rice on the market: the first is to grind the rice, then add starch, and then squeeze and mature it to restructure it into rice grains. This kind of rice is also called restructured rice. This kind of processed rice, Its starch will gelatinize faster and can be cooked quickly; the second type is made by cooking the rice and then drying it.
After cooking, the starch of the rice is gelatinized, and then dehydrated quickly, which can make the molecular structure of the gelatinized starch more stable, prevent the aging of the starch from rising, and it can be cooked quickly. In fact, this It’s the same as the instant noodles we usually eat; the third type is sterile rice, which is actually cooked rice. It is sealed and stored after sterilization. When eating, you only need to heat it in the microwave for two to three minutes before eating. .
Rumor has it that rubbing with snow can cure frostbite?
The truth is that there is a popular folk remedy for frostbite - rub it with snow wherever it gets cold!
However, this method is not only unreliable, but also very confusing.
This statement may have several sources: First, it is influenced by movies, novels and other film and television works.
Second, in the wild, when there is a lack of rescue equipment, people will use some temporary methods, and snow is the easiest to find.
Third, compared to ice, people feel that snow has a higher temperature, even higher than the skin temperature of frostbitten areas, and can play a role in keeping warm.
Therefore, some people think that massaging the skin with soft snow can relieve pain.
However, under modern medical conditions, it is wrong to use snow to treat frostbite. Not only is it difficult to improve blood circulation, but it may also cause new injuries.
The correct method is to leave the frostbite environment and return to normal temperature once frostbite occurs on the limbs.
Use warm water of 30 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius to gradually restore body temperature perception on the skin surface. Oral hot water can also help to increase the circulating temperature in the body.
But do not soak the skin in hot water, and do not bake or rub the frostbitten skin. Drastic temperature changes are not conducive to the recovery of the skin.
If blisters and ulcers appear, do not cut them open. You can first apply frostbite ointment externally. After protection with antibiotic ointment, use an electric hand warmer or a warm water bag to gradually restore the body surface temperature, and then seek medical treatment.
Rumor has it that biological agents can be placed outdoors in winter
The truth: Some people think that the outdoor temperature is cold in winter. To preserve biological agents such as insulin and hormones, there is no need to put them in the refrigerator and just put them outdoors.
actually not.
Insulin, hormones, etc. are biological agents, and their proteins will be denatured after freezing, which will lead to drug failure.
Under normal circumstances, it is recommended to store unopened biological preparations in a refrigerator between 2 degrees Celsius and 8 degrees Celsius.
Freezing and refrigeration are completely different concepts. Freezing usually refers to minus 20 degrees Celsius to 0 degrees Celsius.
It is often cold outdoors in northern winter, and the temperature may drop below 0 degrees Celsius. If biological agents such as insulin are placed directly outdoors, they are likely to be "frostbitten" and cannot be used normally even if they are thawed.
When storing biological agents such as insulin, hormones, and blood products in the refrigerator, it is not recommended to place them in the storage compartment on the refrigerator door.
Because opening and closing the refrigerator door may cause the temperature to become unstable, the vibration caused by opening and closing the door may also damage the molecular structure of biological agents, thereby damaging the drugs.
Text/Reporter Li Jie