At about 5 o'clock on May 8, a fire broke out in a residential area in Luliang City, Shanxi Province, causing people to be trapped, and it was initially judged that the meter box of the pipeline well on the fourth floor was on fire. The fire-related building is 23 stories high, with a total of 17 people in 46 households. After emergency evacuation and rescue, 128 injured people were transferred to the hospital for treatment, of which 23 died after ineffective rescue, and the remaining 3 had stable vital signs. Just a day earlier, another fire had occurred in Lüliang, also in a high-rise community, where a cable well caught fire, trapping people. The fire-related building is 20 storeys high, with a total of 32 people in 104 households. After emergency evacuation and rescue, 279 people died after being sent to the hospital.
Two cases in which eight people were killed in two days, which was shocking. Experts introduced that residential buildings with a building height of more than 8 meters and non-single-storey factories, warehouses and other civil buildings with a building height of more than 27 meters are high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings often have the characteristics of large volume, complex functions, dense personnel, etc., and the building contains many dangerous sources, once a fire occurs, it is difficult to evacuate and fight the fire at the first time. Once a fire occurs in a high-rise building, the fire tends to spread upward rapidly in a short period of time, which stems from the "chimney effect" formed by the high-rise building. The so-called "chimney effect" refers to the phenomenon that indoor air rises or falls along a space with a vertical slope, causing air convection to be strengthened. Experiments have proved the harmfulness of the "chimney effect": a 24-storey, 30-meter-high building, without obstruction, the smoke from the first floor to the top floor takes only 100 seconds!
In high-rise buildings, the more electrical facilities and equipment there are, the greater the likelihood of electrical fires. There are a variety of electrical equipment in high-rise buildings, such as air conditioners, exhaust fans and other high-power electrical appliances. If there are problems with these electrical equipment, or overloaded operation, or lack of maintenance, etc., it may not run smoothly, heat up, and cause fire accidents. Kitchen fires in homes and unsafe smoking behaviors can also cause fires. In addition, the residents of high-rise buildings often have decoration, electrical welding and other operations, if there are illegal operations, there are also great safety risks, so we must strictly abide by the safety regulations of the construction operation to prevent problems from "burning".
【Popular Science】
High-rise residential escape tips
Evacuation stairs are the most reliable, run quickly along the wall.
Close the fire door at will to block the fireworks and escape.
Cover your mouth and nose and open the outer window, and you will not panic when you exhaust the smoke.
The downward escape is blocked, and you can go up to the roof and wait for rescue.
Use a flashlight to illuminate, see the layer standard clearly and increase confidence.
Trapped indoors with no retreat, blocking the crack of the door and splashing water.
Take the stairs when evacuating
In the event of a fire in a high-rise building, do not take the ordinary elevator, and quickly walk down in a single column along the side of the wall from the stairwell to prevent the firefighters who came up to the rescue. Once the elevator fails halfway, it will be stuck, and if the elevator shaft catches fire, it will form a chimney effect, which is very fatal.
Close the fire door at will
After entering the stairwell, the escapee must remember to close the fire door on each floor to prevent smoke and fire from entering the stairwell. When a fire breaks out, the smoke spreads very quickly, and if the fire door is not closed, it will basically spread to the 1th to 4th floor in about 5 minute.
Cover your mouth and nose and open the exterior window
When thick smoke is generated in the evacuation stairwell of a high-rise building, wet masks and wet towels should be used to cover your mouth and nose, and open the exterior wall windows while walking down, which can not only supplement fresh air, but also enhance the smoke exhaust effect. After entering the safe passage, remember to crouch down, because the smoke is concentrated in a high place, and people can easily be choked when standing and running.
Go up to the roof and wait for rescue
If the downward passage has been blocked by fire and cannot escape, do not panic, choose the roof or a safe open area to wait for firefighters to rescue.
Flashlight lighting can be borrowed
At night or when the power is off, use a flashlight for lighting, the holder of the flashlight walks last, and the light is downward. When escaping from a high-rise building, pay attention to the floor mark at the turning platform and pay attention to whether the floor shows signs of collapse.
Always have three treasures at home, which are indispensable when it is critical: flashlight, mask (towel), escape rope (equipped with gloves).
Splash water on the cracks of the blocked doors
When you can only stay at home for temporary shelter, take measures to prevent smoke from entering. Thick strips of cloth can be used to plug the door cracks to prevent fireworks from seeping in, and at the same time send a distress signal to the outside or call to explain the location of the trap. Remember: this is a last resort. Remember: don't jump blindly!
Prevention of "burning"
Decoration materials, safety first
Remember not to use flammable and combustible decoration materials when decorating.
Faulty electrical appliances, timely replacement
Always check the electrical appliances and wiring in the home, and replace them in time if the lines are aging, falling off and damaged.
Flammable items, away from power sources
Do not stack flammable and flammable items next to power outlets, switches, electric heaters, and ovens.
No one in the home, turn off the electricity
Before going out or going to bed at night, you should check whether the gas valve and electrical switches such as electric heaters, ovens, and microwave ovens are turned off.
Always clean oil pollution, no hidden dangers
Regularly clean the oil stain of the kitchen gas stove and range hood pipes, and boil water and stew soup.
Life channel, keep it open
Do not pile combustible debris indoors and outdoors, balconies and window sills, safety exits, corridor front rooms, stairwells and other common areas; The anti-theft net must open the escape window; Do not block and occupy the fire escape, keep the fire escape unblocked.
Fire equipment, always available at home
Always have dry powder fire extinguishers, fire blankets, smoke masks, escape ropes, multi-functional flashlights, fire gloves and other simple fire extinguishing escape tools at home.
Make good use of facilities and maintain them consciously
No debris is stacked in the fire hydrant box in the corridor, and the interface, hose, and water gun should be kept intact and effective to ensure that the fire water is unblocked.
Combustible canopy, timely dismantled
Remember not to install combustible canopies made of plastic and other materials in your home, and non-combustible materials such as metal must be used for installation.
Text/Guangzhou Daily All Media Reporter Huang Qing