"I have a graduate who worked in a large pension company in Beijing, and the platform is very good. But working 8 to 12 hours a day for many years, nursing the elderly in bed and wheelchair, and often working overtime to do project copywriting, he suffered from lumbar disc herniation in his 30s. Labor-intensive, coupled with unsatisfactory salary and career development, he had no choice but to change careers. A few days ago, Professor Qu Guanyin, director of the teaching and research office of the School of People's Livelihood and Welfare of Beijing Labor and Social Security Vocational College, told such a story in an interview with a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Network.
A follow-up survey shows that the loss of college students in related majors in Beijing from the pension industry mainly occurs within three years of graduation, and the loss rate of front-line life care positions is about 70%, mainly transferred to other non-nursing positions in pension institutions, or simply left the pension industry.
With the increasingly serious problem of aging in China, there is a shortage of elderly care service talents. In the recently revised "Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China", new occupational types such as rehabilitation assistive technology consultants, elderly ability assessors, and health care professionals have been added. More and more young post-90s are beginning to give old-age "post-90s" pensions. How attractive is the increase and emergence of these new pension occupations to "young and elderly people"? Does it help change the shortage of talents in the pension industry?
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"The most difficult thing to do elderly care is the psychological hurdle"
Rui Dacheng, born in 1999, is a graduate of Beijing Labor and Social Security Vocational College majoring in pension service and management. When he first entered the university, he chose to major in the elderly, and his grandparents at home stood up against it. Grandpa said: "You haven't bathed me at home, can you go to a nursing home to bathe people?" Rui Dacheng is an authentic Beijinger, several of his children have chosen to study abroad, the majors they studied are music, winemaking, etc., I heard that he studied the pension major, a small joke said: "Are you going to go to a nursing home for the elderly?" ”
Due to its warm and meticulous service, Rui Dacheng is very popular with the elderly as a health care provider in a nursing institution. An old man who was bedridden asked Rui Dacheng to provide services by name. In his opinion, "being needed makes me feel very happy, and pension is a warm service that needs human touch." In the minds of the elderly, we caregivers who have gone to college are still different from caregivers. ”
Rui Dacheng clearly remembers that the first time he dealt with the urine and urine of a bedridden elderly man during his internship, he rushed directly to the toilet and vomited. "The saddest thing about doing elderly care is the psychological hurdle." In those two days, Rui Dacheng couldn't eat when he thought of that scene and smell. Later, he saw a nursing aunt after processing the old man's stool, and when it was time for lunch, she naturally accompanied the old man's bedside with the lunch box to eat. His heart knot opened at once, "I suddenly understood that taking care of the elders' eating, drinking, and Lasa is a normal part of our work. ”
An old man who Rui Dacheng once served died suddenly one day during a nap. He felt sad for a long time. "To be able to serve their elders in their final stages of life and let them die peacefully is doing good deeds," he said. My dream is to open my own nursing institution, there are many elderly people in the countryside who are lonely, and I hope to accompany them through the last road of life. ”
After graduating from university, Rui Dacheng worked as a nurse in a nursing home for one and a half years, and then transferred to the front line as a sales specialist. Rui Dacheng said that the most fundamental reason for his transfer was that his salary was too small, and the salary of other positions could reach 78,000 yuan, which was linked to performance, while the front-line care of the elderly was very hard, but the salary he got was only 45,000 yuan.
He told reporters that of the 50 graduates in the same class, about 30 eventually chose to do work related to their majors. Less than 10 people are doing health care on the front line of elderly care.
In order to retain professionals like Rui Dacheng who are engaged in elderly care services, the draft of the Beijing Implementation Measures for the Training of Elderly Service Talents (hereinafter referred to as the Measures) was released in 2020. The Measures clearly stipulate that for some graduates who enter Beijing nursing institutions, a maximum reward of 6,<> yuan for bachelor's degree or above, and a certain amount of monthly subsidies will be paid to front-line elderly care workers.
"The implementation of these policies is conducive to keeping more young people on the front line of the elderly, and bonuses and subsidies have a great incentive effect on attracting young elderly talents." Rui Dacheng said.
"It's hard for young people to keep if they don't love it"
Li Minhua, the founder of Keyi Bath, is a "bather". Not long ago, she and her bathing team provided a bathing service for Mr. Dong Yuexian, a veteran of the Anti-Japanese War in the documentary "National Memory". Dong Yuexian, who is 102 years old this year, still has three bullet scars on his body. He is currently paralyzed in bed with limited mobility. "The old man awed our bathing team. In the process of service, I was excited and motivated to receive the gratitude of the elderly and the praise of the family. Li Minhua said.
Li Minhua told reporters that her bathing team is a young group. There are 8 bathers in the team, except for one teacher born in 1978 with a technical secondary school degree, all of whom are young people with bachelor's degree or above.
39-year-old Tang Bo, raised by his grandfather since he was a child, likes to deal with the elderly. Before becoming a bathing assistant, Tang Bo, who was 1.92 meters tall, was a ground attendant at Beijing Capital International Airport, a state-owned enterprise, and his income was not low. "I just love helping the elderly, and I feel nourished and valuable every time I serve." Tang Bo said.
"It's hard for young people to keep if they don't love it. If you can't get happy at work, the service effect will be greatly reduced. "I am from Beijing, and some elderly people in Beijing feel very cordial when they hear my accent, and the degree of cooperation in the process of service is relatively high." ”
Li Minhua told reporters that the core bath equipment she currently uses is imported, including inflatable baths and advanced water supply and drainage systems. According to actual needs, it is also equipped with dozens of auxiliary items, so that the whole process of a bath service can be completed. To become a qualified bather, you must not be able to "rub the bath", you must have enough tolerance and patience for the elderly, and you must have strong communication skills and other comprehensive skills and literacy.
"Several of my team are from the Internet 'big factory', they also start from the basic bathing assistant, and at the same time help the company to build online and offline operation systems, hoping to improve operational efficiency, my bathing career is inseparable from this group of young and elderly people." Li Minhua said.
"At present, the service of bathing the elderly is very popular, but it has not yet generated more profit. Serving the elderly, feelings are the foundation, but above feelings, if you cannot build a healthy business model and ecology, you will lose commercial value. In the more than two years since the company was founded, Li Minhua and her colleagues have visited dozens of communities, elderly care institutions, and thousands of community pension stations in Beijing, hoping to get more orders through recommendation diversion, "Our bath service has great social value, and the commercial value is also immeasurable." There is also a great need for more high-quality young people to join in and promote the rapid development of the industry. ”
New careers provide more options for "young and elderly people"
Recently, information from the Ministry of Civil Affairs National Conference on the Construction of Elderly Service Talent Team disclosed that at present, the total number of elderly service talent teams in China is insufficient, the level of specialization is not high, and the problems of low treatment guarantee and high turnover rate of elderly care workers need to be solved urgently. In view of the shortage of talents in elderly care services, China will increase training efforts, promote cross-industry talent flow, and broaden the source channels of elderly care talents.
Qu Guanyin said in an interview with a reporter from China Youth Daily that in addition to the elderly care post group based on life care and rehabilitation nursing and the social work position group based on activity organization and planning, Qu Guanyin said in an interview with a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Network that vocational colleges and universities are oriented to, in addition to the elderly care position group based on life care and rehabilitation nursing and the social work position group based on activity organization and planning, in recent years, it has also increased the management position group of elderly care institutions, including front desk reception, elderly ability assessment, skill training, pension planning consultation, etc., in addition to smart aging environment design, rehabilitation assistive device adaptation and sales. These job groups provide more options for graduates to find employment in the future.
It is understood that there are currently about 7 vocational schools in Beijing, including Beijing Labor Security Vocational College and Beijing Social Management Vocational College, which have carried out pension-related majors, with about 600 students, and the enrollment situation of several schools is not very optimistic.
Qu Guanyin pointed out that the new profession of the elderly has been recognized by the state, and the corresponding professional appraisal standards have been introduced, so that the vocational education and short-term training for the elderly have a basis and standardization, and the technical content of the occupation has been increased, which is conducive to promoting the development of the elderly care industry. At the same time, pension-related occupations have entered the national occupational classification dictionary, which is more "justified", which is conducive to attracting more "young elderly people" into the pension industry, thereby promoting social employment.
"The main reasons for young people leaving are low social status, low degree of specialization, low income and treatment, high labor intensity, long working hours, high psychological pressure, and bottlenecks in career development." Qu Guanyin pointed out that the participation of young people can change people's perceptions of the pension industry, but fundamental changes also require the improvement of the income of young people in the pension industry, the large application of new technologies in the industry, and our re-understanding of the so-called "serving people".
"'Serve' is a neutral word, the essence is service. In fact, everyone in our society lives in the process of serving others. There is no shame in 'serving people'. In particular, the 'waiters' of the elderly care industry are based on personal equality to serve the elderly, promote social virtues, embody the value of life, and should be respected by the whole society. Qu Guanyin said that practitioners in the pension industry should have the quality of "three elders and three hearts", namely: respecting the elderly, filial piety, loving the elderly, and being caring, careful and responsible. For the elderly, be willing to accompany and care from the heart. The essence of this work is to make the elderly live a more dignified and happy life, so practitioners need to have the necessary expertise in nursing technology, medical technology and psychology.
Professor Tu Qilei, Dean of the College of Elderly Welfare of Beijing Vocational College of Social Management, pointed out that the education level of elderly care workers is generally not high, mainly the degree of primary Chinese. A statistic from the civil affairs department shows that less than 20% of the elderly care service industry has a college education level or above, and nearly 80% of the personnel have a high school education or less. At present, the reform of the talent training model of the pension profession in colleges and universities is underway, and the new occupations launched are very attractive to young people. In the process of training, the cultivation of students' professional qualities is in a sense more important than vocational technology.
"The pension industry seems to be able to do anyone, but to do it professionally and make the elderly more happy, there is a threshold." It is necessary to learn a lot of knowledge and skills from physiology to psychology to management, and more 'young and old-aged' are needed to join. Qu Guanyin said, "As long as young people can persevere and keep working hard, they will have good development." Since the establishment of the nursing profession in 2010, seven or eight students in each class have become elderly ability assessment, assistive device adaptation technicians or health care directors. ”
China Youth Daily · China Youth Net reporter Li Guijie Source: China Youth Daily