Make the countryside more beautiful and livable (Jintai Sight Focus on the rural living environment ①)
Building a livable, business-friendly and beautiful countryside is the proper meaning of a strong agricultural country.
Improving the living environment in rural areas is a key task in implementing the rural revitalization strategy.
Recently, this newspaper has received some letters from readers, reflecting the problems existing in the control of rural environmental pollution and improving the appearance of villages, and put forward opinions and suggestions.
What difficulties still exist in the improvement of rural human settlements?
How to stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of farmers to participate in environmental sanitation improvement?
How to establish a long-term mechanism for managing and protecting the rural human settlements?
This edition launches a series of reports on "Focus on Rural Human Settlement Environment", so stay tuned.
--editor
By 2025, the living environment in rural areas will be significantly improved, and new progress will be made in the construction of ecologically livable and beautiful villages.
The popularization rate of sanitary toilets in rural areas has steadily increased, and toilet excrement has basically been effectively treated
The treatment rate of domestic sewage in rural areas continues to increase, and littering and drainage are under control
The level of harmless treatment of rural domestic waste has been significantly improved, and villages with conditions have achieved classification of domestic waste and reduction at the source
The governance level of rural human settlements has been significantly improved, and a long-term management and protection mechanism has been basically established
——Excerpt from "Five-Year Action Plan for Improvement and Improvement of Rural Human Settlement Environment (2021-2025)"
Clean, tidy, beautiful and livable are the most simple yearning and pursuit of the masses for the countryside.
In recent years, in response to the long-standing problems of dirty and chaotic conditions in some rural areas, various localities and departments have continued to increase efforts to improve the rural living environment. The rural ecological environment has continued to improve, the appearance of villages has steadily improved, and villages have taken on a new look.
However, many letters from readers reflect that the current level of improvement of the rural living environment is still far behind the expectations of the masses. It is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions and implement precise policies to continue to promote the improvement of the rural living environment.
Properly dispose of household garbage and reverse the plight of "villages surrounded by garbage"
"The domestic garbage in the village is piled up in disorder and no one cleans it up. The garbage is piled everywhere, and the stench is disgusting. Some garbage is even piled up in front of the villagers' houses, blocking the road." Letters from villagers in Mengying Village, Liuzhen Township reflect the problem of unmanned cleaning of household garbage.
It is understood that the garbage in the village was originally cleaned by a special person, and it was pulled by garbage trucks to the garbage transfer station in the town every day.
But recently, cleaners have not come to the village to clean up and transport, and domestic garbage is produced every day, resulting in more and more garbage piles, seriously affecting the living environment and ecological environment of the village.
In response to the problems reported by the villagers, the villagers' committee of Mengying Village, Wenliu Town, decided through collective research that the village collectively funded and organized personnel to clean up the garbage accumulated on the main roads in the village, and the frequency of cleaning was once a week.
The problem of "villages surrounded by garbage" has been properly resolved.
At present, my country's rural domestic waste disposal mainly adopts a three-level treatment model of "village collection, town transfer, and county treatment".
Garbage collection boxes are set up in the village according to the living conditions of farmers and population size to collect domestic garbage, and cleaning workers come to collect them uniformly and pour them into the garbage bins in the village.
Township environmental sanitation offices organize vehicles to compress and transfer the garbage collected by villages (communities).
All the garbage collected in the town is transported to the county garbage incineration station for incineration.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the current national rural domestic waste collection, transportation and disposal system has covered more than 90% of administrative villages, the investment in waste treatment facilities has increased significantly, and the phenomenon of rural garbage mountains and villages surrounded by garbage has been significantly improved.
But at the same time, there are still some problems and shortcomings in the treatment of rural domestic waste, such as uneven progress in various regions, low overall quality, and insufficient capital investment, etc., and there is still a big gap with the expectations of the farmers.
"I live in a remote mountainous village in Shanxi Province. The domestic garbage in some nearby villages has not been collected or processed. Some central villages with a large population have sanitation departments to collect and process domestic garbage, but some small villages around them do not. The village cadres have reported such problems to the relevant departments many times, but they have not been resolved.” Mr. Wang, a reader in Wutai County, Shanxi Province, reported.
The reporter's investigation found that this situation is not an isolated case: some rural sanitation infrastructure is not fully equipped, and the garbage cannot be cleared and transported in time after it is full; some garbage cans are not fully equipped, or are not replaced in time after being damaged; Garbage, causing environmental pollution.
These problems have affected the removal and disposal of domestic garbage in rural areas, and have caused environmental pollution in rural areas to varying degrees.
Villagers in Tongfu Village, Daye Town, Cenxi City, Guangxi Province reported that the garbage in the village was not cleared and transported in time, and it piled up like a mountain and gave off a foul smell, which seriously affected the appearance of the village.
Moreover, the cleaners use the direct burning treatment method, and the thick smoke and ashes produced permeate everywhere, affecting the lives and health of the masses.
In response to the problems reported by the masses, the Daye Town Government, after understanding the situation, criticized and educated the relevant personnel, and required the cleaners to regularly remove the garbage and wash the road regularly according to the prescribed treatment methods every day.
"We will strengthen the training and supervision of sanitation and cleaning staff, and at the same time guide villagers to sort garbage, properly dispose of combustibles, reduce non-degradable garbage discharge, promote recycling, reduce emissions at the source, and work together to solve the problem of 'garbage surrounding the village'." Town government officials said.
"The phenomenon of random dumping of domestic garbage in rural areas cannot be ignored." Zheng Yutao, a reader in Wuhua County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, said that he found that the phenomenon of rural people dumping domestic garbage at will in some places is still relatively common. The reasons why village cadres and environmental protection departments do not pay attention to publicity and guidance.
"I hope to take measures to fundamentally reverse the phenomenon of random dumping of domestic garbage in rural areas. Not only must we increase investment in the construction of rural environmental sanitation and cleaning infrastructure and operating funds, but we must also effectively strengthen publicity and education for the masses, and urge and help villagers develop good habits. Hygienic habits to ensure that the village is clean and tidy." Zheng Yutao said.
Improve the sewage treatment system to solve the problem of sewage disorderly discharge
"In the past, the countryside was poor, and I didn't care about the appearance of the village. It was generally dirty and messy. Now everyone's life is much better, and they also hope to have a good environment. The dirty and messy phenomenon has changed a lot. However, I found a problem, that is, there is no sewage Local drainage. Some villagers dig sewage ponds in their yards. Once there is a lot of rain, it is easy to overflow and pollute the environment." A netizen from Gongqiao Township, Funan County, Fuyang City, Anhui Province wrote on the "leadership message board" of People's Daily Online "On the message, I hope that the relevant departments will pay attention to this issue and help the village build a unified sewage discharge pipe network.
In this regard, the Funan County Party Committee stated that the construction of rural sewage pipe networks can be carried out in accordance with the "one matter, one discussion" financial reward and subsidy work. Villagers apply to the village committee for public welfare infrastructure construction, and through the village-level "four discussions and two disclosures" procedures After the review, it will be reported to the township and county governments level by level, and the implementation can be arranged after the approval of the business department in the county.
With economic and social development, the per capita domestic water consumption and sewage discharge in rural areas are increasing year by year, which brings challenges to pollution control.
The "Three-Year Action Plan for Rural Human Settlement Environment Improvement" deployed and implemented in 2018 regards "gradual promotion of rural domestic sewage treatment" as a key task, and requires the combination of pollution control and resource utilization, engineering measures and ecological measures according to local conditions. The construction mode and processing technology combining centralized and decentralized.
Up to now, most areas have basically established sewage discharge standards and county planning systems, the investment intensity of sewage treatment public facilities has continued to increase, and rural sewage treatment capacity has rapidly improved.
"However, the task of rural domestic sewage treatment is still arduous. Compared with urban sewage treatment, rural areas still face problems such as high investment costs per ton of water, difficult pipeline network construction, and insufficient operation and maintenance guarantees, which are prominent shortcomings in the improvement of rural human settlements. , It is also a difficult point of work." Wang Songde, a professor at the Party School of the Henan Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, said.
Statistics from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment show that as of 2021, the treatment rate of rural domestic sewage is only 28%, and there is still a lot of room for improvement.
"The rural domestic sewage treatment work faces many problems such as low overall treatment rate, lack of capital investment, non-standard facility construction, and unsound long-term mechanism." Wang Songde said.
"The streets where 11 villagers live near us have never had drainage ditches. The rainwater and domestic sewage flow across the road, and the villagers are unbearable. Moreover, the sewage has accumulated in the roadway for a long time, and the road foundation has been soaked. Villagers' houses were also affected, and there were problems such as damp walls and cracks in the walls." Villagers in Guowang Village, Fengxiang District, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province reported that they hoped that relevant departments could plan a scientific and reasonable rainwater and sewage drainage system as soon as possible to fundamentally solve the disorderly discharge of sewage The problem.
The reporter's investigation found that there are obvious regional differences in rural domestic sewage treatment. The central and western regions and remote villages generally lack sewage treatment equipment, and farmers' awareness of sewage treatment needs to be improved.
This is related to the high investment in sewage treatment facilities and pipe network construction, the lack of professional management and maintenance personnel, and the excessive reference of urban experience in sewage treatment technology.
There are also some villages that build their own sewage treatment stations or seepage wells, but the conditions are generally poor and there are hidden dangers such as water seepage pollution.
"Some rural areas lack perfect drainage channels and sewage treatment systems, which also causes domestic sewage to enter the village's rivers, lakes and even groundwater through scattered discharge, which not only pollutes the rural ecological environment, but also damages the health of villagers and affects rural economic development." Yu Shuncheng, a reader in Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, said in a letter, “Untreated domestic sewage will not only pollute water sources, but also increase the risk of disease transmission. It is recommended that relevant departments choose sewage treatment technologies suitable for local conditions according to the actual situation in rural areas, and consider comprehensively Environmental protection and economy, to ensure sufficient governance effect." Yu Shuncheng said.
Give full play to the main role of villagers and promote the overall improvement of village appearance
On the "leadership message board" of People's Daily Online, reflections on the appearance of the village are relatively common, and most of them reflect that some people have enclosed the village's collective lanes or public places as their own, causing conflicts among neighbors.
Others reflect the loss of population in some rural areas. Abandoned houses, pigpens, cowsheds, dry toilets, etc. have gradually become dilapidated buildings or even collapsed into ruins without care, seriously affecting the cleanliness of the village.
"In the past, there was no planning for building houses in rural areas, and the village didn't pay attention to or even understand the planning space. Villagers built houses casually. As long as the location was good, they would give priority to building, and they would not choose to build houses in a concentrated way. In this situation It also leads to the disorganized rural houses now, which affects the overall appearance of the countryside." Qi Hongyu, a reader in Guangping County, Handan City, Hebei Province, said that in recent years, rural areas in many places have begun to pay attention to overall planning, focusing on solving unclear planning, imperfect infrastructure, Misuse of public space and other issues.
However, problems such as redundant construction, arbitrary construction, and forced "upstairs" against the wishes of villagers have also appeared in some places.
In 2021, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the "Five-Year Action Plan for Improvement and Improvement of the Rural Human Settlement Environment (2021-2025)", and "promoting the overall improvement of village appearance" is one of the key tasks.
The "Plan" requires strengthening the guidance of rural style and appearance, highlighting local characteristics and regional characteristics, and avoiding the same situation in thousands of villages, and avoiding large-scale demolition and large-scale construction.
"A truly modern rural community must not only retain the characteristics of a rural community, that is, 'variety and order', but also improve the level of modernization in terms of municipal infrastructure, property management, operation and maintenance, etc., and improve the quality of life of villagers. Rural features cannot be simply copied Copy it and bring it to doctrine.” Feng Xingang, deputy director of the Urban Planning and Design Research Institute of China Architecture Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., said that to improve the appearance of the village, it is necessary to enhance the aesthetic taste on the basis of local culture, and tap the beauty and highlights of the countryside; we must put an end to simple "bringing doctrine" so as not to cause damage to the local local culture and characteristics.
Many readers mentioned that in order to truly play the main role of villagers in improving the rural living environment, farmers must actively participate in the improvement of the rural living environment, so that the rural environment can be completely improved.
"Farmers are not only direct beneficiaries, but also key participants and builders in the improvement of rural human settlements. It is necessary to make the masses willing and motivated to participate in the improvement of rural human settlements, and through their own efforts, make themselves Our homes become better and more livable." Mr. Cao, a reader in Wuwei City, Gansu, said that he suggested giving full play to the core role of grassroots party organizations, guiding and leading the peasants to change customs, improve their lifestyles, and improve their quality of life.
Establishing and improving village rules and regulations is also an effective measure to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers.
In many places, environmental sanitation requirements have been incorporated into village rules and regulations, and villagers have also carried out various evaluation activities to praise the new rural atmosphere, conduct self-education and self-management.
In Gaotan Village, Qijiang, Chongqing, the two committees of the village held a villagers meeting and passed the "eight prohibitions", the sixth of which is "strictly prohibiting littering, not caring for public facilities and environmental sanitation in front of the gate", and announced punishment measures.
Soon, the sanitation and environmental problems in front of and behind the villagers' houses were effectively resolved.
The environment in the village is getting cleaner and cleaner, the villagers live comfortably, and there are more and more tourists.
Our reporter Peng Bo
Our reporter Peng Bo